mahaaamerika
 |
|
| kshetrafal | 42,549,000 ki.mi2 |
|---|---|
| janasankhya | 910,720,588 (July 2008 anumaanit) |
| raashtreeyata | Amreeki, pain-American |
| desh | 35 |
| adheenasth kshetr | 21 mahaaamerika mein deshon aur anya kshetron ki soochi |
| bhaasha (eain) | speni, angreji, purtagaali, fraanseesi, evam kai anya |
| samay kshetr | UTC -10 se UTC |
mahaaamerika ya America uttar aur dakshin America sanyuk roop se kaha jaata hai. mahaaamerika mein pruthvi ke kul bhoobhaag ka 28.4 % (ya kul satah ka 8.3%) aata hai aur kul janasankhya ka 13.5% (ya lagbhag 90 karod).
America ko nai duniya ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai kyonki 15 veen sadi mein hi in mahaadveepon ki khoj yooropiynon dvaara ki gayi thi. haalaanki isse pehle yeh kshetr vaaiking aur inooit logon aur sthaaniya logon ko gyaat tha.
"America" shabd ko hindi aur anya bahut si bhaashaaon mein adhikaanshat: sanyukt raajya America ke liye prayukt kiya jaata hai jo takaneeki roop se sahi naheen hai kyonki America shabd Europe ke logon dvaara is poori nai duniya ke liye prayukt kiya gaya tha naaki vartamaan sanyukt raajya America ke liye.
anukram
itihaas
bhoo-rachana
dakshin America lagbhag 13.5 karod varsh poorv gondaava ke pashchimi bhaag se toot kar alag ho gaya aur ek bilkul alag mahaadveep ban gaya. fir 1.5 karod varsh poorv kairibiyaai aur prashaant pattiyon ke beech hui uthal-puthal ke kaaran yahaaain bahut se jvaalaamukhi visfot hue aur kai nae dveepon ka janm hua aur us dveepasamooh ka bhi jahaaain par aaj madhya America ke desh base hue hain. donon mahaadveepon ke beech ka antar pattharon ke kataav aur jvaalaamukheeya padaarth ke kaaran bhar gaya. aaj se lagbhag 30 lakh varsh poorv uttar aur dakshin America us sthaan par jud gaye jahaaain par aaj panaama nahar sthit hai aur is prakaar ek mahaaameriki mahaadveep ka janm hua.
maanav upasthiti ke saakshya
puraataatvik khojein yeh bataati hain ki lagbhag 10,000 isa poorv mein yahaaain klovis naamak ek sabhyata ka vikaas hua tha. is baat ko lekar matabhed hai ki yeh America mein pratham maanaveeya upasthiti thi ya naheen, jabki anya kai puraataatvik yeh maanate hain ki mahaaamerika mein 40,000 varsh poorv log basana aarambh ho gaye the.
lagbhag 1000 isvi mein uttar America ke aarkatik kshetr mein inooit log Asia se pahuainchana aarambh ho gaye the. lagbhag isi samay par (982 isvi) vaaiking lig bhi greenalaind pahuainch gaye the.
upaniveshikran
yooropeeyanon dvaara bade paimaane par mahaaamerika ka upaniveshikran kristofr kolambas ki yaatraaon ke baad aarambh hua, jisne 1492 mein mahaaamerika ki khoj ki thi. mahaaamerika pahuainchane vaale sarvapratham Europeeya speni aur purtagaali the. Europeeya log is nai duniya mein apne saath nai beemaariyaaain bhi lekar aae aur is kaaran bahut se sthaaneeya logon ka samool naash hua aur badi sankhya mein mool logon ki janasankhya mein giraavat I jabki Europeeya log abhi bhi yahaaain ki sthaaneeya janasankhya ke bahut bade bhaag ke saath seedhe sampark mein naheen aae the. sthaaneeya aur yooropeeyanon ke beech bahut se yuddh bhi hue aur is kaaran bhi bahut si sthaaneeya janasankhya ka safaaya hua. pratham Europeeya apravaasi un shisht mandalon mein yahaaain jo Europeeya deshon dvaara "nai duniya" ke upaniveshikran ke liye aayojit kiye gaye the. uske baad ke dashakon aur sadiyon mein Europeeya apraavasan bade paimaane par jaari raha, visheshakar un logon ke liye jinhein desh nikaala de diya jaata ya ve log jo Europe mein dhaarmik utpeedn se bachene ke liye yahaaain aa base. bahut se log bade paimaane par afreeka aur Asia se daason aur aparaadhiyon ko bhi lekar aae.
bhoogol
vistaar
mahaaamerika ka sabse uttari bindoo kaafeklompan dweep par hai, jo pruthvi ka sabse uttari chhor bhi hai. sabse dakshini bindoo hai dakshini thoole dweep samooh, jise kabhi-kabhi antaarkatika ka bhaag bhi maana jaata hai. sabse poorvi chhor hai "uttarapoorvi akrotiri" jo greenalaind mein hai, jabki sabse pashchimi chhor hai atou dweep jo prashaant mahaasaagar mein sthit hai.
sthalaakruti
mahaadveep ka pashvimi bhaag ameriki kordilera dvaara pradhaanavit hai. yeh ek parvat shrrunkhala hai jo lagbhag poore pashchimi tat ko ghere hue hai, dakshin America mein endeej parvat[1] aur uttar America me rauki parvat[2] pashchimi tat mein faile hue hain. appaalachiyn parvat, jo 2,300 kimi mein faile hue hain, uttar America ke poorvi tat mein alaabaama se neeche ki or faile hue hain. uttar mein aarkatik kordilera Canada ke poorvi bhaag ko ghere hue hain.
janasaankhyiki
janasankhya
mahaamerika ki kul janasankhya hai lagbhag 85,80,00,000 (sanyukt raashtra ke aaainkadon ke anusaar) jo is prakaar vibhaajit hai:
- uttar America mein varsh 2002 mein 50.1 karod (2001 mein 49.5 karod), havaai aue madhya America ko milaakar.
- dakshin America mein varsh 2002 mein 35.7 karod (2001 mein 35.2 karod)
nasleeyata
mahaaamerika ki janasankhya mein aath nasleeya samoohon ya unke sansarg se banein log hain:
- America ke mool nivaasi, jinhein aamtaur par "indiyn" kaha jaata hai.
- Europeeya mool ke log, mukhyat: speni, angrej, aayarish, itaalavi, purtagaali, fraanseesi, jarman aur dach.
- mestijo, kriyol jo sthaaneeya logon aur Europeeya logon ke sansarg se bane hain.
- afreeki.
- moulaato, kriyol afreeki aur Europeeya sansarg se bane.
- mulaatto kaafuso, afreeki aur samishrit samooh.
- Asiaee
- liventaain
is sandarbh mein mahaaamerika ek vijaateeya mahaadveep hai jahaan par vishv ke lagbhag sabhi naslon ke log rahate hain.
bhaashaaeain
laatin America ki adhikaansh janasankhya, speni aur purtagaali bolti hai, jo laitin se nikli hui bhaashaaeain hain. iske vipreet uttar America mein mukhyat: sanyukt raajya America aur Canada mein angreji pramukhata se boli jaati hai. Canada me fraanseesi bhaasha bhi bahut logon dvaara boli jaati hai aur uttar America ke adhiktar deshon mein speni bhaasha pramukh hai aur yeh bhaasha sanyukt raajya America mein bhi boli jaati hai.
dharm
mahaaamerika mein isaai dharm pradhaan hai, lekin donon mahaadveepon mein faile isaai dharm mein bahut antar paaya jaata hai. uttar America mein (mukhyat: sanyukt raajya America aur Canada mein) protestent isaaiyat ka prabhutv hai to dakshin America aur uttar America ke speni bhaashi deshon mein roman Catholic isaaiyat ka prabhutv hai. iske atirikt yahaaain yahoodi, bauddh, musalmaan, hindu, sikh aur anya dharmon ke log bhi rahate hain jo mukhyat: sanyukt raajya America aur Canada mein base hue hain.