maaujr pistaul

maaujr pistaul
Germany ke vilhem evam paul maaujr naamak do bhaaiyon dvaara 15 March 1895 ko petent karaayi gayi maaujr pistaul
prakaar si-96 prototaaip
utpatti ka mool sthaan Flag of Germany.svg Germany
utpaadan itihaas
dijaain kiya (Designed) 15 March 1895
nirmaata maaujr Germany
utpaadan tithi 1896
sanskaran maaujr C-96 (model 1916)
nirdishteekaran
vajan 1,250 gra (44 auns)
lanbaai 312 mimi (12.3 inch)

maaujr pistaul (angreji: Mauser C96) mool roop se Germany mein bani ek arddh svachaalit pistaul hai. is pistaul ka design Germany nivaasi do maaujr bandhuon ne san 1895 mein taiyaar kiya tha. baad mein 1896 mein Germany ki hi ek shastr nirmaata company maaujr ne ise maaujr si-96 ke naam se banaana shuroo kiya. 1896 se 1937 tak iska nirmaan Germany mein hua. 20veen shataabdi mein iski nakal karke Spain aur cheen mein bhi maaujr pistaulein bani.

iski maigajeen trigr ke aage lagti thi jabki saamaanyataya sabhi pistaulon mein maigajeen trigr ke peechhe aur bat ke andar hoti hai. is pistaul ka ek anya model lakdi ke kunde ke saath san 1916 mein banaaya gaya. ismein bat ke saath lakdi ka bada kunda alag se jod kar kisi raayafal ya bandook ki tarah bhi prayog kiya ja sakta tha.

vinstan charchil ko yeh pistaul bahut pasand thi. bhaarateeya kraantikaari raamaprasaad 'bismil' ne mahaj 4 maaujr pistaulon ke dam par 9 August 1925 ko kaakori ke paas train rok kar sarkaari khajaana loot liya tha. Spain ne san 1927 mein isi ki nakl karte hue astr model banaaya. railway gaardon ki suraksha hetu san 1929 mein cheen ne iski nakal karke .45 kailibr ka maaujr banaaya.

anukram

itihaas

maaujr pistaul C-96 ka 1916 model (10 goliyon va lakdi ke kunde ke saath)
1916 model (lakdi ke kunde ke andar)

maaujr pistaul[1] mool roop se Germany mein banaayi gayi arddh svachaalit pistaul thi jiska design Germany nivaasi do maaujr bandhuon - vilhem maaujr evam paul maaujr ne taiyaar kiya tha. maaujr ke naam se hi is pistaul ko Germany mein 15 March 1895 ko petent karaaya gaya tha. agale saal san 1896 mein Germany ki ek aayudh nirmaata company maaujr ne is pistaul ka nirmaan praarambh kar diya. iske naamakaran mein si ka matlab kaunsatrakshan (nirmaan) jabki 96 ka ank nirmaan ka varsh bodh karaata tha. company ne is model (C-96) ka nirmaan san 1937 tak kiya.[2] baad mein is pistaul ko Spain aur cheen mein bhi banaaya jaane laga lekin naam maaujr hi raha.[3]

is pistaul ki sabse badi visheshata yeh thi ki iske bat ke saath lakdi ka bada kunda alag se jod kar ise aavashyakataanusaar kisi raayafal ya bandook ki tarah istemaal kiya ja sakta tha. isse iski maarak kshamata badh jaati thi. is kunde ko jab chaahe alag karne[2] se pistaul chhoti ho jaati thi. iski doosari visheshata yeh thi ki iske chaimbar mein 6, 10 aur 20 goliyon waali chhoti ya badi koi bhi maigajeen fit ho jaati thi. iske atirikt is pistaul ki ek visheshata yeh thi ki iske peechhe lagaaya jaane wala lakdi ka kunda hi iske khol (holder) ka kaam karta tha.

san 1896 mein iske utpaadan shuroo hone ke ek varsh ke andar hi is pistaul ko sarkaari adhikaariyon ke alaava aam naagrikon va sainya adhikaariyon ko bhi becha jaane laga. maaujr pistaul ka si-96 maadal british adhikaariyon ki pehli pasand hua karta tha. pratham vishvayuddh ki samaapti ke baad iski lokapriyta british sena mein kam ho gayi.[4] sainya adhikaariyon ke shastr ke atirikt is pistaul ka prayog upaniveshon ke yuddhon mein bhi hua. roosi civil vaar (gruh yuddh) aur bolashevik party dvaara ki gayi kraanti mein bhi in pistaulon ki khoob maaaing rahi.

vinstan charchil ko yeh pistaul bahut pasand thi.[1][2] is pistaul ki kai visheshataaon ko dekhte hue bhaarateeya svatantrata sangraam ke liye kraantikaariyon ne videsh se in pistaulon ki ek khep order de kar maingaayi thi. Germany se bhaari maatra mein maaujr pistaulein maingaane ke liye hi raamaprasaad 'bismil' ne is pistaul ka prayog karke 9 August 1925 ko kaakori ke paas train rokakar sarkaari khajaana lootane ka jo aitihaasik kaarya kiya tha use saare vishv mein 'kaakori kaand' ke naam se jaana jaata hai.[5][6][7]

maaujr ka takaneeki vivran

maaujr pistaul nirmaata company ka logo[8]
7.63x25 mimi maaujr kaaratoos ka chitr inhein .30 maaujr ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai

maaujr pistaul ki takaneeki visheshataayein[9] is prakaar hain:

  • prakaar: ek baar mein ek fire (singal action)
  • chaimbar: 7.63x25 mimi maaujr (.30 maaujr);
    9x19 mimi lyoogar/peraabelam[10] tatha
    9x25 mimi maaujr (durlabh)
  • bhaar (khaali): 1250 gram
  • lambaai (kul): 312 mimi (naal sahit)
  • naal ki lambaai: 140 evam 99 mimi
  • maigajeen ki kshamata: 10, 6 aur 20 goliyaaain

kaartooson ki visheshata

maaujr pistaul mein 7.63x25 mimi saaij ke kaaratoos istemaal kiye jaate hain jabki 0.32" bor ke rivaulvar mein 7.65x25 mimi saaij ke kaaratoos prayukt hote hain.[11] 0.32" bor rivaulvar ke kaaratoos maaujr ke kaartooson ke mukaabale 0.02 mimi hi adhik hote hain. is kaaran 0.32" bor rivaulvar ke kaaratoos bhi maaujr pistaul mein prayog kiye ja sakte hain.

kunde ke saath maarak kshamata

is pistaul ki vaise to prabhaavi maarak kshamata 150 se 200 meter tak ki hoti thi parantu yadi iske bat mein kunda laga diya jaata tha to yeh 1000 meter tak prabhaavi roop se maar kar sakti thi. iski naal se chhootane waali goli ka veg 440 meter ya 1450 foot prati sekend hota tha. in visheshataaon ke kaaran yeh pistaul apne jamaane ka sabse behatareen astr hua karti thi. iski doosari visheshata yeh thi ki iske kunde ko pistaul se alag bhi kiya ja sakta tha. is prakaar yeh pistaul apne aap mein too in van kism ka anokha hathiyaar tha.[12]

vyaavasaayik utpaadan

speniyl maaujr C-96 ka smaal ring haimar sanskaran (chitr: vikimeediya kaumans se)

san 1920-1921 se iski nirmaata company ne maaujr ka takaneeki roop se parishkrut evam vyaavahaarik model jaari kiya. iski naal ki lambaai pehle vaale prototaaip model ke mukaabale kuchh chhoti karke 3.9 inch (99 mimi) ki bana di parantu staindard (prototaaip) model ke kaaratoos 7.63x25 mimi (maaujr) ke braand se hi banaaye gaye.

prayog ke taur par doosare deshon mein bechne ke uddeshya se company ne iske kaartooson ke do saaij - 8.15×a25.2 mimi tatha 9×a25 mimi (maaujr eksaport) aur bhi banaaye. inmein 8.15×a25.2 mimi vaale kaaratoos pratibndhit 9×a19 mimi/ pairaabelam ke badle banaaye gaye the. parantu kinheen kaaranon se maaujr in kaartooson ka doosare deshon ko niryaat naheen kar saki.[2]

maaujr ka broomahaindal braand

san 1896 mein maaujr company ne C-96 ka ek anya model bhi jaari kiya. ise broomahaindal[9] ke naam se banaaya gaya tha. iska design fidel, fredrich aur Joseph feedrel naam ke teen sage bhaaiyon ne taiyaar kiya tha. ismein bhi alag hone wala kunda lagaaya ja sakta tha. 1896 se 1930 tak maaujr company ne ek lakh se adhik aisi pistaulein becheen.[3]

astr model 900

astr model 900 va usamein lagne wala kunda

is pistaul ki lokapriyta se prabhaavit hokar Spain ki ek aayudh nirmaata company ne san 1927.mein hoo-b-hoo C-96 jaisa hi ek anya model banaaya aur use naam diya -astr model 900. iska pistaul mein lagne wala kunda alag se milta tha. Spain ne is model ko 1927 se 1941 tak banaaya. Japan aur cheen ki senaaon ko bechne ke baad bachi is model ki pistaulon ka istemaal Spain ke gruh yuddh mein bhi hua. 1940 se lekar 1943 tak Germany ko bhi astr 900 model becha gaya.[3]

is model ki bhi yeh visheshata thi ki iske peechhe lagaaya jaane wala lakdi ka kunda hi iske khol (holder) ka kaam karta tha. is prakaar yeh pistaul aur ismein jodne wala kunda donon hi ek mein do (too in van) ki visheshataayein rakhate the.[3]

shainksi type 17 (.45 ACP)

20veen shataabdi ke cheeni itihaas mein is model ki pistaulein bani jinki maigajeen mein .45 kailibr ke e॰asi॰apee॰ kaaratoos prayog kiye jaate the. parantu in kaartooson ko haasil karne mein kaafi kathinaai hoti thi. un dinon aamtaur par 7.63 mimi kailibr ke si-96 model maaujr pistaul ke kaaratoos hi mila karte the.[3]

iska hal khojane ke liye .45 e॰asi॰apee॰ kailibr ki ek anya pistaul banaayi gayi jo si-96 model ka hi unnat praaroop thi. type 17 ke naam se .45 kailibr ki is pistaul ka utpaadan san 1929 se cheen ke taaiyuaan aarsenal shahar mein shuroo kiya gaya. is pistaul ke baayeen or cheeni bhaasha mein "type 17" aur daayeen or "ripblik iyar etteen med in shainksi" likha hota tha. ye pistaulein railway gaardon ko unki suraksha ke liye raajya dvaara upalabdh karaayi jaati theen taaki daakuon va baagiyon ki loot se sarkaari sampatti ko bachaaya ja sake.[3]

parantu jaise hi cheen ka gruh yuddh samaapt hua aur raajasatta communist party ke haath aayi, shainksi dvaara nirmit adhikaansh pistaulon ko loha galaane ki bhatti mein pighlaakar nasht kar diya gaya. aisa isaliye kiya gaya tha jisse ve pistaulein bikne ke liye kaheen baajaar mein na aa jaayein.[3]

kaakori kaand mein maaujr ka prayog

Hindustan Republican aisosiyeshan ke ek pramukh sadasya premakrushn khanna bhaarateeya railway ke shaahajahaaainpur vibhaag mein thekedaar (kaantrektar) the.[13] unhein british raaj mein sarkaar ne maaujr pistaul ka laaisens de rakha tha. Hindustan Republican aisosiyeshan ke pramukh kraantikaari Ram prasaad 'bismil' se khanna ki ghanishth mitrata thi.[5] kraantikaari kaaryon ke liye bismil inka maaujr aksar maaaing kar le jaaya karte the. keval itna hi naheen, aavashyakta hone par kabhi kabhi unke laaisens par kaaratoos bhi khareed liya karte the. kaakori kaand mein prayukt maaujr pistaul ke kaaratoos khanna ke hi shastr-laaisens par khareede gaye the.[14] [15] kaakori kaand mein khanna ko keval 5 varsh ki saja hui thi. jabki pandit raamaprasaad bismil, thaakur roshan Singh, Ashfaq ulla khaaain aur raajendranaath laahidi ko faaainsi di gayi thi.[6][7][16]


inhein bhi dekhein

sandarbh

  1. ↑ a aa skennartan, Ian (2005). Mauser Model 1896 Pistol [maaujr model 1896 pistol]. gold kost, kyooeladi, Australia: aarms end mileetairiya press. pa॰ 5. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 0-949749-77-X. sandarbh truti: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Skennerton" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ a aa i E Wilson, rauyas (01 2009). "Mauser C96 Broomhandle [maaujr si-96 broomahaindil]". Australian end nyoojeelaind haindagan. sandarbh truti: Invalid <ref> tag; name "wilsonr" defined multiple times with different content sandarbh truti: Invalid <ref> tag; name "wilsonr" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ a aa i E u oo A David M. Fortier. "GIANT .45 'BROOMHANDLE' FROM CHINA [cheen ka jaaint .45 'broomahaindil']". pvaaintashootingadautakaum. http://www.pointshooting.com/c96ok.pdf. abhigman tithi: 29 November 2013.
  4. ↑ mej, Robert J. (2002). Howdah to High Power: A Century of Breechloading Service Pistols (1867-1967) [haavada se haai power tak: breechaloding service pistol ki ek sadi (1867-1967)]. takasan, ejed yooesae: eksakailibr pablikeshans. pa॰ 56, 70. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 1-880677-17-2.
  5. ↑ a aa kamalaadatt paandeya hindu panch-balidaan ank prushth 179
  6. ↑ a aa vidyaarnav sharma yug ke devata-bismil aur Ashfaq prushth 118
  7. ↑ a aa manmathanaath gupt bhaarateeya kraantikaari aandolan ka itihaas prushth 213
  8. ↑ krupaya ise bhi dekhein
  9. ↑ a aa maaujr si-96 (Germany)
  10. ↑ the aartilri lyoogar
  11. ↑ gortej, joshim end starjes, jyaufri the borchaard end loogar automatic pistals, braad Simpson pablishing evam jeeel starjes, 2010 evam 2011, prushatha104 evam 138, ISBN 978-0-9727815-8-9
  12. ↑ world gans maaujr si-96 (Germany)
  13. ↑ dau॰ bhagavaanadaas maahaur kaakori shaheed smruti prushth 89
  14. ↑ bharaich, malavindar jeet Singh (2007). Hanging of Ram Prasad Bismil : the judgement [raamaprasaad bismil ki faaainsi ka faisala]. yooneestaar books, Chandigarh. pa॰ 35-36. http://www.worldcat.org/title/hanging-of-ram-prasad-bismil-the-judgement/oclc/219562122&referer=brief_results.
  15. ↑ dau॰ ena॰ see॰ meharotra svatantrata aandolan mein janapad shaahajahaaainpur ka yogadaan prushth 133
  16. ↑ dau॰ bhagavaanadaas maahaur kaakori shaheed smruti prushth 89

sandarbhit pustakon ka vivran

  • vidyaarnav sharma yug ke devata-bismil aur Ashfaq 2004 praveen prakaashan, 1/1079-E maharauli, nai Delhi-110030, ISBN 81-7783-078-3
  • manmathanaath gupt bhaarateeya kraantikaari aandolan ka itihaas 1993 aatmaaraam end sans, Kashmiri gate, Delhi 110006, ISBN 81-7043-054-2
  • dau॰ ena॰ see॰ meharotra svatantrata aandolan mein janapad shaahajahaaainpur ka yogadaan 1995 shaheede-aajam pan0 raamaprasaad bismil trast, shaahajahaaainpur 242001 (u0pra0)
  • dau॰ bhagavaanadaas maahaur kaakori shaheed smruti 1978 prakaashak: raamakrushn khatri, kaakori shaheed arddhashataabdi samaaroh samiti, 2 meinhadi bilding, kesarabaag Lucknow 226001 (u0pra0)
  • kamalaadatt paandeya hindu panch-balidaan ank punarmudran-1996 national book trast, India A-5, green park, nai Delhi ISBN 81-237-1890-X

sandarbhit pustakon ke angreji naam

baahari kadiyaaain

vikimeediya kaumans par maaujr pistaul se sambandhit media hai.
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