lui paaschar

lui paashchar
French sookshmajaivik tatha rasaayayanajnya
janm	27 December 1822 dole, fraansh-komte, France
mrutyu	sitmbar 28, 1895(1895-09-28) (umr 72) Marnes-la-Coquette, Hauts-de-Seine, France
hastaakshar

lui paaschar ek mahaan vaigyaanik the.

France ke prasiddh vaigyaanik lui paaschar ka janm san 1822 E. mein naipoliyn bonaapaart ke ek vyavasaayi sainik ke yahaan hua tha. aap bachapan se hi dayaalu prakruti ke the. apne shaishavakaal mein aapne gaanv ke aath vyaktiyon ko paagal bhediye ke kaatne se marate hue dekha tha. unki dardabhari cheekhon ko aap bhool naheen sake the. yuvaavastha mein bhi jab yeh ateet ki ghatna smruti patal par chha jaati, to aap bechain ho uthate the. par aap padhne-likhne mein vishesh tej naheen the. is par bhi aap mein do gun maujood the, jo vigyaan mein safalta ke liye aavashyak hote hain - utsukata evam dheeraj. yuvaavastha mein aapne likha tha ki shabdakosh mein teen shabd atyant mahattvapoorn hain: ichhaashakti, kaam tatha safalta.

college ki padhaai samaapt kar, apni lakshya praapti ke liye ek rasaayan shaala mein kaarya karna aarambh kar diya. yahaaain par aapne kristalon ka adhyayan kiya tatha kuchh mahattvapoorn anusandhaan bhi kiye. inse rasaayan ke roop mein aap ko achha yash milne lag gaya.

san 1849 E. mein France ke shiksha mantri ne aapko dijon ke vidyaalaya mein bhautiki padhaane ke liye niyukt kar diya. ek varsh baad aap strausabarg vishvavidyaalaya mein rasaayan vigyaan ka sthaanaapann praadhyaapak bana diye gaye. is unnati ka rahasya yeh tha ki vishvavidyaalaya adhyaksh ki ek kanya thi jiska naam meri tha. meri shyaamal keshon waali sundar kishori thi. aapki usase bheint hui. meri ka achhoota laavanya aapke hradaya mein ghar kar gaya. bheint ke ek saptaah baad hi aapne meri ke samaksh vivaah ka prastaav rakh diya. meri ne aapke prastaav ko thukara diya. par lui paaschar ek achhe vaigyaanik the. dheerajata aap mein thi. meri ke inkaar karne par bhi aap prayatnasheel rahe. ek varsh ke baad aapko apni ichha poorti mein safalta mili. meri ne aapki patni banana sveekaar kar liya.

vivaah ke uparaant aapki ruchi rasaayan vigyaan se hat kar jeevavijnyaaan ki or agrasar hone lag gayi. yeh jeevadhaariyon ka vigyaan hai. yeh vishvavidyaalaya France ke angoor utpaadak kshetr ke madhya mein hai. vahaaain ke madira taiyaar karne vaalon ka ek dal, ek din lui paaschar se milne aaya. unhone aap se poochha ki har varsh hamaari sharaab khatti ho jaati hai. iska kya kaaran hai?

lui paaschar ne apne sookshmadarshi yantr dvaara madira ki pareeksha karne mein ghanton bita diye. ant mein aapne paaya ki jeevaanu naamak atyant nanhein jeev madira ko khatti kar dete hain. ab aapne pata lagaaya ki yadi madira ko 20-30 minute tak 60 seinteegred par garam kiya jaata hai to ye jeevaanu nasht ho jaate hain. taap ubalane ke taap se neecha hai. isse madira ke svaad par koi prabhaav naheen padta hai. baad mein aapne doodh ko meetha evam shuddh banaae rakhane ke liye bhi isi siddhaant ka upayog kiya. yahi doodh 'paascharit doodh' kahalaata hai.

ek din lui paaschar ko soojha ki yadi ye nanhein jeevaanu khaadyon evam dravyon mein hote hain to ye jeevit jantuon tatha logon ke rakt mein bhi ho sakte hain. ve beemaari paida kar sakte hain. unheen dinon France ki murgiyon mein 'choojon ka haija' naamak ek bhayankar mahaamaari faili thi. laakhon chooje mar rahe the. murgi paalne vaalon ne aapse praarthana ki ki hamaari sahaayata keejiye. aapne us jeevaanu ki khoj shuroo kar di jo choojon mein haija faila raha tha. aapko ve jeevaanu mare hue choojon ke shareer mein rakt mein idhar-udhar tairate dikhaai diye. aapne is jeevaanu ko durbal banaaya aur injekshan ke maadhyam se svasth choojon ki deh mein pahuainchaaya. isse vaikseen lage hue choojon ko haija naheen hua. aapne teeka lagaane ki vidhi ka aavishkaar naheen kiya par choojon ke haije ke jeevaanuon ka pata laga liya.

iske baad lui paashchar ne gaayon aur bhedon ke ainthraiks naamak rog ke liye baikseen banaayi: par unamein rog ho jaane ke baad aap unhein achha naheen kar sake: kintu rog ko hone se rokane mein aapko safalta mil gayi. aapne bhedon ke durbal kiye hue ainthraiks jeevaanuon ki sui lagaai. isse hota yeh tha ki bhed ko bahut halka ainthraiks ho jaata tha; par vah itna halka hota tha ki ve kabhi beemaar naheen padti theen aur uske baad kabhi vah ghaatak rog unhein nahi hota tha. aap aur aapke sahayogiyon ne maason France mein ghoomkar sahasron bhedon ko yeh sui lagaai. isse France ke gau evam bhed udyog ki raksha hui.

aapne tarah-tarah ke sahasron prayog kar daale. inmein bahut se khatarnaak bhi the. aap vishaile vaairas vaale bhayaanak kutton par kaam kar rahe the. at mein aapne is samasya ka hal nikaal liya. aapne thode se vishaile vaairas ko durbal banaaya. fir usase is vaairas ka teeka taiyaar kiya. is teeke ko aapne ek svasth kutte ki deh mein pahuainchaaya. teeke ki chaudah suiyaaain lagaane ke baad raibeej ke prati rakshit ho gaya. aapki yeh khoj badi mahattvapoorn thi; par aapne abhi maanav par iska prayog naheen kiya tha. san 1885 E. ki baat hai. lui paashchar apni prayogashaala mein baithe hue the. ek fraanseesi mahila apne nau varsheeya putr jojef ko lekar unke paas pahuainchi. us bachche ko do din pehle ek paagal kutte ne kaata tha. paagal kutte ki laar mein nanhe jeevaanu hote hain jo raibeej vaairas kahalaate hain. yadi kuchh naheen kiya jaata, to nau varsheeya jojef dheere-dheere jalasantraas se tadp kar jaan de dega.

aapne baalak jojef ki pareeksha ki. kadaachit use bachaane ka koi upaaya kiya ja sakta hai. bahut varshon se aap is baat ka pata lagaane ka prayaas kar rahe the ki jalasantraas ko kaise roka jaae? aap is rog se vishesh roop se ghruna karte the. ab prashn tha ki baalak jojef ke raibeej vaiksin ki suiyaaain lagaane ki himmat karein athva naheen. baalak ki mrutyu ki sambhaavana thi. par suiyaan na lagne par bhi usaki mrutyu nishchit hai. is duvidha mein aapne tatkaal nirnaya liya aur baalak jojef ka upachaar karna shuroo kar diya. aap das din tak baalak jojef ke vaikseen ki badhti maatra ki suiyaaain lagaate rahe aur tab mahaan aashcharya ki baat hui. baalak jojef ko jalasantraas nahi hua. iske vipreet vah achha hone lag gaya. itihaas mein pratham baar maanav ko jalasantraas se bachaane ke liye sui lagaai gayi. aapne vaastav mein maanav jaati ko yeh anokha upahaar diya. aapke deshvaasiyon ne aapko sab sammaan evam sab padak pradaan kiye. unhonne aapko sammaan mein paaschar Institute ka nirmaan kiya: kintu keerti ev aishvarya se aap me koi parivartan naheen aaya. aap jeevanaparyant tak sadaiv rogon ko rok kar peeda haran ke upaayon ki khoj mein lage rahe. san 1895 E. mein aapki nidraavastha mein hi mrutyu ho gayi.