lipyantaran

saamaanyat: kisi ek lekhan paddhati mein likhe jaane vaale shabd ya paath ko kisi anya lekhan paddhati mein likhne ko lipyantaran (transliteration) kehte hain. lipyantaran = lipi + antaran. udaahaaran ke liye Japani mein likha hai :ひaaらaaがaaな, isko devanaagari mein is tarah likh dete hain : hiraagaana - to humne lipyantaran kar diya.

lipyantaran ke liye niyamon ka ek samuchchaya nirdhaarit kiya gaya hota hai. ye niyam is baat ka dhyaan rakhate ue banaaye jaate hain ki -

• lipyantarit paath se pun: moolapaath bina kisi truti ke praapt kiya ja sake.
• niyam saral evam sahaj hon taaki ek saadhaaran vyakti bi inhein yaad karke inka aasaani se vyavahaar kar sake.

bhaasha vigyaan ki drushti se lipyantaran, do lekhan paddhatiyon ke beech ek pratichitran (mapping) hai.

udaaharan

mera naam suresh hai. (devanaagari)

মaaেaaরaaা নaaাaaম সaaুaaরaaেaaশ হaৈa৤ (baangla)

મaaેaaરaaા નaaાaaમ સaaુaaરaaેaaશ હaૈa૤ (gujaraati)

meraa naam suresh hai. (iTrans)

merA nAma sureza hai| (Harvard-kyoto)

merä näaama sureçaaa hai| (balaraam)

merā nāam sureś hai (IAST)

merà nàama sure÷aaa hai| (si S ex)

mer€ n€aama sureaaa hai| (X-Sanskrit)

kuchh pramukh upayog is prakaar hain:

• kisi praacheen evam kaalaateet lekhan paddhati ya lipi mein likhi cheej ko kisi aadhunik lipi ya aaipeee mein parivrtit karke use jeevnt banaana,

• aaipeee ya kisi anya vaigyaanik lipi mein likhii cheej ko kisi prachalit (vyaavahaarik) lipi mein parivartan taaki use aasaani se samjha ja sake.

• kisi vyavahaarik lipi mein likhi cheej ko aaipeee ya kisi anya maanak vaigyaanik lipi mein parivartan taaki log us shabd ka sahi uchchaaran samajh sakein.

• ek vyaavahaarik lipi se doosari vyaavahaarik lipi mein parivartan taaki apni lipi ki sahaayata se doosari bhaasha seekhii ja sake.

• kisi tankan yantr ya abhiklitr par kisi lipi mein likhne ki suvidha na ho to doosari lipi (jismein yeh suvidha upalabdh ho) ka upayog kiya jaata hai. udaaharan ke liye mobile phone par devanaagari me S M S ki suvidha upalabdh na hone par hindi sandesh ko roman me likhkar bheja jaata hai.

• lipyantaran unke liye bhi upayogi hota hai jo koi bhaasha to bolna aur samajhna jaante hain kintu us bhaasha ki lipi ko nahi vaach sakte.

• kuchh bhaashaaen kai lipiyon mein likhi jaati hain.

• kisi ek bhaasha mein likhte samay kisi doosari bhaasha ke shabd ka parichay dene ke liye

• lipyantaran ka prayog kabhi-kabhi saadhaaran kootalekhan ke liye bhi kiya jaata hai.

1. dhvanyaatmak lipyantaran
2. maarfoloji par aadhaarit - srot bhaasha ke kisi varn ke liye doosari bhaasha ke us varn ka upayog kiya jaata hai jo dikhne mein kuchh samaanata rakhata ho.
3. mishrit - uparokt donon vidhiyon ka mishran
4. kootan (koding) - srot bhaasha ke varnon ke liye lakshya bhaasha ke varn yaadruchhya (randomly) chun liye jaate hain. yeh masheenon dvara likhnapadhne ke liye adhik upayukt hai.
5. svachhand (Bizzarre) - bina kisi sakht niyam ka paalan karte hue srot bhaasha ko lakshya bhaasha ke varnon dvaara likhna.

• masheeni lipyantaran
• devanaagari ka lipyantaran
• romaneekaran
• aaitraans (ITRANS)
• braahmi parivaar ki lipiyaaain

• Devanagari transliteration
• Transliteration of Indic scripts - yahaaain sabhi bhaarateeya lipiyon ke tulya devanaagari varn ke liye teen saaraniyaaain di yi hain.
• Wikipedia:Indic transliteration scheme
• sabhi bhaarateeya lipiyon ke Script Mapping
• The advantages of transliteration - easy to type Chinese?
• ab angreji ko devanaagari mein likhiye-padhiye
• Turn your text into fəaanɛaáaatɪaaks (IPA / American)

antarajaal ni:shulk lipyantaran sevaaen

• Sanskript - devanaagari evam anya bhaarateeya bhaashaaon ka paraspar lipyantaran ka aanalaain program. yahaaain bhaarateeya bhaashaaon aur aaitrans/Harvard-kyoto aadi ko bhi paraspar badalne ki suvidha hai.

• girgit - yoonikodit udiya, kannad, gujaraati, guramukhi, tamil, telugu, baaङagla ya malayalam ka paraspar lipi parivrtak program

• aksharamukh - braahmi lipi se vyutpann sabhi lipiyon sahit iTrans mein paraspar lipi badalne ka atyant upayogi aanalaain aujaar

• akshar-brij - A comprehensive open source Devanāagarī and Indic script conversion tool ; Akshara Bridge converts between several kinds of text that represent Devanāagarī, romanizations of Devanāagarī, and other related scripts of India and southeast Asia.

• devanaagari, IAST, Harvard-Kyoto, IPA aadi ka paraspar parivrtak

• Unicode Transliteration Test Page

• Turn your text into fəaanɛaáaatɪaaks (IPA / American)

• ICU Transform Demo yahaaain lagbhag harek lipi ko kisi doosari lipi mein badla ja sakta hai.

• girgat online jaal prushth lipyantarak தaaமaaிaaழaa் (Tamil), বaaংaaলaaা (Bengali), hindi (Devanagari), ಕaaನaa್aaನaaಡ (Kannada), മaaലaaയaaാaaളaaം (Malayalam), ଓaaଡaa଼aaିaaଆ (Oriya), ਗaaੁaaਰaaਮaaੁaaਖaaੀ (Punjabi), తaaెaaలaaుaaగaaు (Telugu), ગaaુaaજaaરaaાaaતaaી (Gujarati), (angreji) English

• Phonetic Translation Library is Opensource now !!

bhaarateeya evam dakshin Asiaee

• devanaagari lipi parivrtak upakaranon (prograamon ya prakriya saamagri) ki soochi

• Quillpad Devanagari, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu

• Google Indic Transliteration Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam. Also has spellchecker!

• writeKA Scripton Online Intelligent Transliteration for Hindi and Malayalam.

• Indian Language Converter বaaংaaলaaা (Bengali), hindi (Hindi), ಕaaನaa್aaನaaಡ

(Kannada), മaaലaaയaaാaaളaaം (Malayalam), ଓaaଡaa଼aaିaaଆ (Oriya), ਗaaੁaaਰaaਮaaੁaaਖaaੀ (Punjabi), sanskrutam (Sanskrit (Harvard-Kyoto scheme)), தaaமaaிaaழaa் (Tamil), తaaెaaలaaుaaగaaు (Telugu), ગaaુaaજaaરaaાaaતaaી (Gujarati)

• Real-time Web based English to Tamil transliteration tool

• South Asian Natural Language Processing - yahaaain urdoo, shaahamukhi aur saraaiki ko devanaagari mein badalne ka aanalaain aujaar upalabdh hai.

poorv Europeeya

• Online Transliteration Converter Supports Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Armenian...
• Automatic Cyrillic Converter Cyrillic-Latin
• Translit - converter: Latin <-> Georgian, Russian, Greek alphabets
• hindi transliteration - Hindi and 38 other languages.
• Rusklaviatura: Real-time Cyrillic Converter
• Russian Online Transliteration and Untranslitiration ISO 9.

lekh evam dastaavej

• ICU User Guide: Transforms International Components for Unicode transliteration services
• Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts - Collection of Transliteration Tables for many Non-Roman Scripts maintained by Thomas T. Pedersen.
• United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) - working group on Romanization Systems.
• Library of Congress: Romanization
• Transliteration history - history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets.
• Transliteration of Indic Scripts - How to use ISO 15919
• Scripts, Transliteration, and Computer Access

adh:bhaaran karne ke liye prakriya saamagri

• ICU Downloads International Components for Unicode
• Translit Online for Microsoft® Office Russian, Hebrew, Hindi, Greek, Arabic, Latin
• SIL International - Provides free fonts for transliteration and IPA
• Microsoft Transliteration Utility - A powerful, free tool for creating, debugging and using transliteration modules from any script to any other script.
• writeKA Scripto - Transliteration utility that works based on configurable transliteration maps. Maps can be devised for most languages.
• Dual screen English-Tamil transliteration software with reverse transliteration facility
• Transliteration tables for world's main languages