leeds

Leeds
— City and Metropolitan Borough —
City of Leeds
Official logo of Leeds
Coat of arms
dhyeya: "Pro rege et lege" "For king and the law"
A map of England coloured pink showing the administrative subdivisions of the country. The Leeds metropolitan borough area is coloured red.
Leeds shown within England
nirdeshaank : 53°a47′a59″aN 1°a32′a57″aW / 53.79972°aN 1.54917°aW / 53.79972; -1.54917
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
Region Yorkshire and the Humber
Ceremonial county West Yorkshire
Admin HQ Leeds city centre
Borough Charter 1207
Town Charter 1626
City status 1893
City of Leeds Met. District created 1974
shaasan
• pranaali Metropolitan borough, City
• Governing body Leeds City Council
• Lord Mayor Cllr James McKenna (L)
• Leader of the Council Cllr Keith Wakefield (L)
• Chief Executive Paul Rogerson
• MPs: Stuart Andrew (C)

Ed Balls (L)
Hilary Benn (L)
Fabian Hamilton (L)
George Mudie (L)
Greg Mulholland (LD)
Rachel Reeves (L)

Alec Shelbrooke (C)
kshetr
• kul 213.72
adhiktam ooainchaai[1] 1,120
nimnatam ooainchaai[2] 30
janasankhya (2008 anu.)
• kul 723
• ghanatv 3,574
• Ethnicity
(2001 census)[3] 		89.1
vaaseenaam Loiner/Leodensian
samay mandal Greenwich Mean Time (UTC +0)
• greeshmakaaleen (di॰ba॰asa॰) British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Postcode LS,part of WF and also part of BD.
doorabhaash code 0113 (urban core)
01924 (Wakefield nos)
01937 (Wetherby/ Boston Spa)
01943 (Guiseley/ Otley)
01977 (Pontefract nos)
ISO 3166-2 GB-LDS
ONS code 00DA
NUTS 3 UKE42
OS grid reference SE296338
Euro. Parlt. Const. Yorkshire & the Humber
jaalasthal www.leeds.gov.uk

Erioll world.svgnirdeshaank: 53°a47′a59″aN 1°a32′a57″aW / 53.79972°aN 1.54917°aW / 53.79972; -1.54917


leeds (uchchaarit/ˈaaliːaadz/ (Speaker Icon.svg sunein)) England ke vest yaurkashaayar ka ek shahar aur mahaanagareeya prashaasanik prabhaag hai.[4] 2001 mein leeds ke mukhya shahari upakhand ki aabaadi 443,247[5] thi jabki poore shahar ki janasankhya 723,100 (2008 anu.) thi.[6] leeds vest yaurkashaayar shahari kshetr[7][8][9] ka saanskrutik, aarthik aur vyaavasaayik kendra hai jiski janasankhya 2001 ki janaganana mein 1.5 million[10] thi aur leeds ka shahari kshetr jiske mahatvapoorn bhaag mein leeds ka ek aarthik kshetr shaamil hai, iski janasankhya 2.9 million thi.[11] leeds vyavasaaya, kaanooni evam vitteeya sevaaon ke liye London ke baahar Britain ka sabse bada kendra hai.[12][13][14][15][16]

aitihaasik roop se leeds yaurkashaayar ki vest raaiding ka ek bhaag hai jiske itihaas ka vivran paanchaveen sadi mein darj paaya ja sakta hai jab elmet ka saamraajya "loidis" ke vanon se ghira hua tha, jisse leeds naam ki utpatti hui hai. is naam ka prayog sadiyon se kai prashaasanik sansthaaon ke liye kiya ja raha hai. iska naam 13veen sadi mein ek chhote se jaageer sambandhi nagar se kai svaroopon mein badalate hue vartamaan mahaanagareeya prashaasanik prabhaag se jude naam ke roop mein roopaantarit hua hai. 17veen aur 18veen sadiyon mein leeds oon ke utpaadan aur vyaapaar ka ek pramukh kendra ban gaya tha. fir audyogik kraanti ke dauraan leeds ek pramukh audyogik kendra ke roop mein viksit hua; oon abhi bhi ek pramukh udyog tha lekin patasan, engineering, lohe ki dhalaai, chhapaai aur anya udyog mahatvapoorn the.[17] 16veen sadi mein aayare nadi ki ghaati mein ek sankshipt baajaar shahar se leeds ka vistaar aaspaas ke gaanvon ko apne andar samaahit karte hue 20veen sadi ke madhya tak ek ghani aabaadi vaale shahari kendra ke roop mein ho gaya.

is kshetr mein saarvajanik parivhan, rel aur sadak ke sanchaar network leeds ko keindrit kar banaae gaye hain aur anya deshon ke nagaron evam shaharon ke saath jodne ki kai vyavasthaaen ki gayi hain. leeds ke shahari kshetr ki bhaageedaari mein iski saunpi gayi bhoomika kshetreeya aarthik vikaas ke liye shahar ke mahattv ko pehchaan dilaati hai.

anukram

itihaas

naamaavali

leeds ka naam "loidis" se nikla hai, yeh naam elmet saamraajya ke adhikaansh hisse ko gherane vaale ek van ko diya gaya tha jo 5veen sadi se lekar 7veen sadi ki shuruaat ke dauraan astitv mein tha.[18] edavin of naurthumabriya dvaara banavaaye gaye ek girjaaghar se praapt ek vedi ke baare mein ek charcha mein apni pustak historika aikalesiyaastika ke chaudahavein adhyaaya mein bede kehte hain ki "...regione quae vocatur Loidis", yeh kshetr loidis ke roop mein jaana jaata tha. leeds ke nivaasiyon ko sthaaneeya taur par lauyanar ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, yeh ek anishchit mool ka shabd hai.[19]

aarthik vikaas

1864 mein leeds kaurn exchange khula.

leeds sthaaneeya krushi arthavyavastha ke ek hisse ke roop mein madhya yug mein ek baajaar shahar ke roop mein viksit hua. audyogik kraanti se pehle yeh ooni kapda banaane ke liye ek samanvaya kendra ban gaya tha; jahaan leeds white klauth hall mein safed braudakloth ka vyaapaar kiya jaata tha.[20] 1770 mein leeds England ke niryaat vyaapaar ke chhathe hisse ko sanchaalit karta tha.[21] shuruaat mein kapadon ke kshetr mein pragati ne 1699 mein aayare evam kailadar nevigeshan aur 1816 mein leeds aur livrapool nahar ke nirmaan se raftaar pakadi.[22] leeds ke aaspaas railway network ka nirmaan kiya gaya jiski shuruaat 1834 mein leeds aur selbi railway ke saath hui jisse raashtreeya baajaaron ke saath sanchaar vyavastha mein sudhaar hua aur mahatvapoorn roop se iske vikaas ke liye Manchester ke saath ek poorv-pashchim sampark aur livrapool evam hal ke bandargaah ne international baajaaron tak ek behtar pahunch kaayam kiya.[23] takaneeki vikaas aur audyogik vistaar ke saath-saath 1864 mein kaurn exchange ki shuruaat ne leeds mein krushi vastuon ke vyaapaar mein ek roochi ko banaae rakha.

maarshal ka mil 1790 ke aaspaas leeds mein sabse pehle banane vaale kai kaarkhaanon mein se ek tha.[24] shuruaati varshon mein sabse mahatvapoorn kaarkhaane oon ke parishkaran aur patasan milon ke roop mein the; fir 1914 tak mudran, engineering, rasaayan aur kapadon ke utpaadan mein inka vividheekaran hua.[25] 1930 ke dashak mein utpaadan mein giraavat ke kaaran dviteeya vishv yuddh ke dauraan asthaayi taur par iski jagah sainya vardi aur hathiyaaron ke utpaadan par dhyaan diya gaya. haalaanki 1970 ke dashak tak vastr udyog aparivrtaneeya giraavat ke daur mein tha jise sasti videshi pratispardha ka saamana karna pada tha.[26] leeds ki samakaaleen arthavyavastha ko leeds city kaaunsil dvaara aakaar diya gaya hai jiska uddeshya ek "24 ghante vyast Europeeya shahar" aur "uttar kshetr ki ek rajdhani" banana hai.[27] audyogik kaal ke baad ki giraavat se viksit hokar yeh aadhunik vaishvik arthavyavastha ke electronic infrastructure se juda ek telephone banking kendra ban gaya hai.[27] vyaavasaayik aur kaanooni kshetron[28] mein kaafi pragati hui hai aur badhti sthaaneeya samruddhi ne lagjari vastuon ke baajaar sahit ek khudara kshetr ka vistaar kiya hai.[29]

sthaaneeya sarkaar

leeds (pairish) ki janasankhya
1881 160,109
1891 177,523
1901 177,920
1911 259,394
1921 269,665
1931 482,809
1941 yuddh #
1951 505,219
1961 510,676
# yuddh ke dauraan janaganana naheen ki gayi thi
srot: Britain ki janaganana[30]

leeds yaurkashaayar ke vest raaiding ke skaairaik vaipenatek mein sthit vishaal praacheen basti leeds seint Peter mein ek taaunaship aur jaageer thi.[31] leeds ke prashaasanik prabhaag ka nirmaan 1207 mein hua tha jab jaageer ke maalik mauris penal ne jaageer ke bheetar nadi ki krausing ke nikat ek chhote se kshetr ko ek chaartar pradaan kiya jo ab shahar ka kendra hai. chaar sadiyon ke baad leeds ke nivaasiyon ne Charles pratham ke paas nigman ke chaartar ke liye ek yaachika daayar ki jise 1626 mein pradaan kiya gaya. nae chaartar ne sabhi gyaarah upanagaron sahit sampoorn basti ko leeds ke prashaasanik prabhaag ke roop mein nigmit kar diya aur pehle chaartar ko vaapas le liya. briget sahit mukhya sadkon ke nirmaan, prakaash vyavastha aur safaai ke liye 1755 mein sudhaar aayukton ka gathan kiya gaya; jismein aage 1790 mein jal aapoorti mein sudhaar ke atirikt adhikaaron ko joda gaya.[32]

prashaasanik prabhaag nigam ko myunisipl kauraporeshans act 1835 ke praavadhaanon ke tahat sanshodhit kiya gaya tha. leeds prashaasanik prabhaag police bal ka gathan 1836 mein kiya gaya aur leeds taaun hall ko nigam dvaara 1858 mein poora kiya gaya tha. 1866 mein leeds aur prashaasanik prabhaag ke anya upanagaron mein se pratyek ek civil pairish ban gaya tha. prashaasanik prabhaag 1889 mein ek County prashaasanik prabhaag ban gaya jisse yeh navagathit vest raaiding County kaaunsil se svatantr ho gaya aur 1893 mein ise city ka darja praapt hua. 1904 mein leeds pairish ne prashaasanik prabhaag ke bheetar se beestan, chaipal elartan, farnale, hedingle kam barle aur pautaranyootan ko samaahit kar liya. beesaveen sadi mein County prashaasanik prabhaag ne mahatvapoorn kshetreeya vistaaron ki ek shrrunkhala shuroo ki, yeh silsila 1911 mein 21,593 ekad (87.38 kimi2) se badhte hue 1961 mein 40,612 ekad (164.35 kimi2) tak chala.[33] 1912 mein leeds ke pairish aur County prashaasanik prabhaag ne leeds rooral distrikt ko samaahit kar liya jismein raaundahe aur seekrauft ki bastiyaan shaamil theen; aur shaidavel jo vedarabaai rooral distrikt ka hissa raha tha. 1 April 1925 ko leeds ke pairish ka vistaar kar sampoorn prashaasanik prabhaag ko ismein shaamil kar liya gaya.[31]

pramandal ke prashaasanik prabhaag ko 1 April 1974 ko band kar diya gaya aur iske pehle ke kshetr ko maurle evam pudase ke myunisipl prashaasanik prabhaag; aayarebaro, haursaforth, otale, gaaraforth evam rothavel ke shahari jilon; aur tedakaastar, vedarabaai evam vhaarafedale ke graameen jilon ke hisson ke saath mila diya gaya.[34] is kshetr ko vest yaurkashaayar ki County mein ek mahaanagareeya jile ka gathan karne ke liye istemaal kiya gaya, isne prashaasanik prabhaag aur city donon ka darja haasil kiya shahar aur yeh leeds city ke roop mein jaana jaata hai. praarambh mein sthaaneeya sarkaari sevaaen leeds city kaaunsil aur vest yaurkashaayar County kaaunsil dvaara pradaan ki gayi theen. haalaanki is County parishad ko 1986 mein samaapt kar diya gaya aur city kaaunsil ne iske kaaryon ko avashoshit kar liya jahaan kuchh adhikaar vest yaurkashaayar passenger transport othoriti jaise sangathanon ko hastaantarit kar diye gaye. 1988 se city center ke nikat do mand aur parityakt kshetron ko punargathan ke liye naamit kiya gaya aur city kaaunsil ki sveekrut yojana ke baahar leeds development kauraporeshan ke daayitv kshetr ka gathan kiya gaya.[35] 1995 mein vikaas nigam ko samaapt kar diye jaane ke baad, yojana ke adhikaar ko sthaaneeya praadhikaari ko bahaal kar diya gaya.

upanagareeya vikaas

This map shows central Leeds and (clockwise from top left) the developing suburbs of Hyde Park, Woodhouse, Sheepscar, New Leeds, Cross Green, Hunslet, Holbeck, Wortley, Armley and Burley.
leeds ka 1866 ka maanachitr
chitr:Quarry Hill Flats1.jpg
kvaarali hil flaits

1801 mein leeds ki 42% aabaadi vyaapak prashaasanik prabhaag mein taaunaship ke baahar rahati thi. 1832 aur 1849 mein haija failane ke kaaran prashaasanik prabhaag ke adhikaariyon ne jal nikaasi, svachhata aur jal aapoorti ki samasyaaon se nipatne par dhyaan diya. jal ki aapoorti moolat: nadi ghaati (hvaarp) se ki gayi thi lekin 1860 tak yeh itna adhik pradooshit tha ki iska upayog naheen kiya ja sakta tha. 1867 ke leeds vaataravarks act ke baad leeds ke uttar mein lindale vud, svinsati aur fyoostan mein teen jalaashayon ka nirmaan kiya gaya.[36] 1801 se lekar 1851 tak holabek aur hansalet mein aavaaseeya vikaas hua lekin in upanagaron ke audyogeekrut hote hi madhyavargeeya aavaas ke liye nae kshetron ko pasand kiya jaane laga.[37] iske baad mukhya roop se udyog ke liye aur doosare ek ke baad ek kaamagaaron ke aavaason ke liye nadi ke dakshin ki bhoomi ka vikaas kiya gaya. leeds sudhaar adhiniyam 1866 ki maang aise gharon ki sankhya ko seemit kar kaamagaar varg ke aavaason ki gunavatta mein sudhaar karne ke liye ki gayi thi jinka nirmaan ekal chhat mein kiya ja sakta tha.[38] 1858 tak holabek aur leeds ne ek nirantar nirmit kshetr ka gathan kiya jabki hansalet unke aaspaas tak pahunch gaya tha.[39] unneesaveen sadi ke uttaraarddh mein hansalet, aarmale aur vartale mein janasankhya vruddhi ne swayam leeds ko peechhe chhod diya tha. jab pradooshan ek samasya ban gayi, ameer nivaasi chhote audyogik upanagareeya vistaar ko chhodkar hedingle, pautaranyootan aur chaipal elartan ke uttar ke gaanvon mein rahane chale gaye; iske kaaran 1951 se lekar 1961 tak hedingle aur barle ki aabaadi mein 50% ki vruddhi ho gayi. audyogik kshetron se madhya varg ki udaan raaundahe aur edel mein prashaasanik prabhaag se aage vikaas ka kaaran bani.[39] bijli ke traam ki patari ki shuruaat ne hedingle aur pautaranyootan mein vikaas ki raftaar aur raaundahe mein prashaasanik prabhaag ke baahar vistaar ko badhaava diya.[40]

1870 mein nigam dvaara do niji gas aapoorti karne waali companiyon ka adhigrahan kiya gaya aur is nayi nagarapaalika sambandhi aapoorti ka istemaal sadkon mein prakaash vyavastha aur gharon mein kifaayati gas pradaan karne ke liye kiya gaya. 1880 ke dashak ki shuruaat se yaurkashaayar house-too-house ilektrisiti company ne leeds ko us samay tak bijli ki aapoorti ki jab leeds nigam ne ise bhi khareed liya aur yeh ek nigam ki ek aapoorti vyavastha ban gayi.[41]

leeds mein malin bastiyon ko hataane aur punarnirmaan ka kaarya yuddhakaal ki avadhi ke dauraan shuroo hua jab kaaunsil dvaara kraus Gates, midlatan, giptan, bele aaile aur haltan moor jaise sthaanon mein 24 esteton mein 18,000 se adhik gharon ka nirmaan kiya gaya. 1975 mein dhvast ki gayi kvairi hil ki malin bastiyon ki jagah nae kvairi hil flaiton ka nirmaan kiya gaya. anya 36,000 gharon ka nirmaan niji kshetr ke bildaron dvaara kiya gaya jisse gledahaau, moorataaun, alavoodali, raaundahe, koltan, vitkark, okavud, veetavud aur edel ke upanagaron ka nirmaan hua. 1949 ke baad kaaunsil ne 30,000 anya up-stareeya gharon ko dhvast kar diya jiske sthaan par seekrauft, aarmale haaits, tinshil aur braikenavud jaise esteton mein kul milaakar 151 maadhyam-aakaar ki oonchaai vaale aur gaganachumbi blaukon ka nirmaan kiya gaya.[42]

haal hi mein leeds mein shahar ke punarnirmaan par kaafi sthaaneeya nivesh hota dekha gaya hai jisne niveshon aur agrani pariyojanaaon[43] ko aakarshit kiya jaisa ki leeds city center mein paaya jaata hai. city center se sirf kuchh hi doori par pehle hi kai imaaraton ka nirmaan kiya gaya hai jisne bhavya peintahaaus apaartameinton[44] ko badhaava diya hai.

bhaugolik sthiti

This map shows the locations of Leeds (coloured pink) and the other four metropolitan boroughs of West Yorkshire (clockwise from Leeds: Wakefield, Kirklees, Calderdale and Bradford). County and borough boundaries are black, urban areas grey, motorways blue with white stripe, rivers and bodies of water light blue. An inset shows a map of Great Britain with the location of West Yorkshire highlighted.
pashchimi yaurkashaayar mein leeds ka maanachitr
The canalised River Aire flows from the Dark Arches under Leeds's main railway station towards the bottom of the picture. To the left of the river is the lock which links the river with the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. To the right is a riverside walk beneath modern buildings, and in the distance, beyond the railway viaduct and station, are more high-rise modern buildings located on the west side of the city centre.
leeds mein aayare nadi

53°a47′a59″aN 1°a32′a57″aW / 53.79972°aN 1.54917°aW / 53.79972; -1.54917Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (53.799°, -1.549°) aur madhya London ke uttar-pashchimottar mein 190 meal (310 kimi) par leeds ka keindreeya kshetr aayare nadi par aayare ghaati ke ek sankare hisse mein sthit hai jo penaains ki poorvi talahati mein sthit hai. city center samudra tal se lagbhag 206 fut (63 mi) oopar sthit hai jabki distrikt center ka vistaar ilkali moor ki dhalaanon par sudoor pashchim mein 1,115 fut (340 mi) se lekar lagbhag 33 fut (10 mi) tak hai jahaan aayare aur hvaarf nadiyaan poorvi seema ko paar karti hain. leeds ka kendra ek nirantar nirmit kshetr ka hissa hai jiska vistaar pundase, braimale, haursaforth, alavoodali, seekrauft, midlataaun aur moorale tak hai.[45] leeds mein Britain ke kisi bhi sthaaneeya praadhikran jile mein ki doosari sabse badi aabaadi (Birmingham ke baad) rahati hai aur iska vistaar kisi bhi angreji mahaanagareeya jile ka doosare sabse bade kshetr (donkaastar ke baad) ke roop mein hai jo poorv se pashchim tak 15 meal (24 kimi) aur uttar se dakshin tak 13 meal (21 kimi) tak faila hai. uttari seema kai meelon tak hvaarf nadi ka anusaran karti hai lekin yeh nadi ki uttar disha mein sthit otale ke hisse ko shaamil karne ke liye nadi ko paar karti hai. leeds jile ka 65% se adhik hissa harit patti ke roop mein hai aur city center yaurkashaayar dels national park[46] se bees meal (32 kimi) se kam doori par sthit hai jahaan Britain ke kuchh sabse shaanadaar drushya aur graameen ilaake maujood hain.[47] leeds ke bheetari aur dakshini kshetr moonge ke aakaar ke baluaa pattharon ki ek parat par sthit hain. uttari hisse puraane baluaa aur bajari vaale pattharon se nirmit hain aur uttar disha mein iska vistaar maigneshiyaai choona pattharon ki patti ke roop mein hai.[24][48] leeds ke keindreeya kshetron mein bhoomi ka upayog jabaradast dhang se shahari hai.[45]

leeds ke sateek bhaugolik arth ko paribhaashit karne ka prayaas sandarbh ki bhinnata ke aadhaar par iske vistaar ki vibhinn avadhaaranaaon ko janm deta hai; ismein city center, shahari failaav, prashaasanik seemaaen aur kaaryaatmak kshetr shaamil hain.[49]

“ Leeds is much more a generalised concept place name in inverted commas, it is the city, but it is also the commuter villages and the region as well. ”

—aA History of Modern Leeds, Brian Thompson[49]


leeds city center leeds ke bheetari ring road mein shaamil hai jo e58 road, e61 road, e64 road, e643 road aur ema621 motaramaargon ke hisson se milkar bana hai. pramukh uttar-dakshin shopping maarg, briget paidal maarg ke roop mein nirmit hai aur queen Victoria street jo Victoria quarter ka ek hissa hai yeh ek seese ki chhat ke antargat samaahit hai. mileniym skvaayaraek mahatvapoorn shahari kendra bindu hai. leeds ke postakod kshetr mein adhikaansh leeds shahar[50] shaamil hai aur yeh lagbhag poori tarah se leeds post taaun se nirmit hai.[51] otale, vedarabaai, tedakaastar, pudase aur ilkale postakod kshetr ke bheetar alag-alag post taaun hain.[51] leeds ke nirmit kshetr ke saath hi jile ke bheetar kai upanagar aur eksaarb sthit hain.

jalavaayu

vitkark/koltan/leeds ke upanagaron par himaachhann sooryodaya

leeds ki samudri jalavaayu vishesh roop se british dveepon ki tarah hai jismein saal bhar taapamaan mein thodi bhinnata rahati hai. shahar ki jalavaayu kaafi had tak atalaantik saagar se aur kuchh had tak penaains se prabhaavit hoti hai. leeds mein garmiyaan aam taur par halki aur kabhi-kabhi garam rahati hain jabki sardiyaan thithuran waali aur kabhi-kabhi bahut adhik thandi hoti hai jahaan kabhi-kabhaar barf girti hai. leeds ke nivaasi har saal kuchh dinon tak barf bichhi hone ki ummeed kar sakte hain. gambhir roop se paala girna yahaan aam hai. iske uttari akshaansh ke kaaran leeds mein din ki roshani ke ghante varsh bhar mein badalate rahate hain. sabse chhote din mein sooraj praat: 8:22 baje ugata hai aur shaam ko 3:46 par sooraj ast hota hai jisse din ka ujaala keval 7 ghante tak rahata hai. baadalon se ghire aur nami yukt dinon mein din ka ujaala aur bhi kam mahasoos hota hai. sabse lambe din mein sooraj 4:35 baje praat: ugata hai aur shaam ko 9:41 baje ast hota hai jisse kul milaakar 17 ghante din ka ujaala rahata hai jahaan khagoleeya dhundhala prakaash raat bhar maujood rahata hai. jab uchch dabaav mausam par haavi rahata hai, din asaadhaaran roop se lambe aur garm mahasoos ho sakte hain.

sabse garm maheena July aur August ke beech bainta hua hota hai, jismein donon ka ek ausat uchchatam star 19.9° celcius (67.8° faarenahaait) hota hai jabki February sabse thanda maheena hota hai jab ausat nyoonatam taapamaan 0.2° celcius (32.3° faarenahaait) hota hai. garmiyon mein 30° celcius (86° faarenahaait) se adhik aur sardiyon mein -5° celcius se kam taapamaan saamaanya naheen hai lekin ya anasuna naheen hai, August 2003 aur July 2006 mein taapamaan kuchh dinon ke liye 30° celcius (86° faarenahaait) se adhik ho gaya tha aur 3 December 2010 ko taapamaan -15° celcius (5° faarenahaait) tak gir gaya tha aur yeh -5° celcius (23° faarenahaait) se oopar naheen uth paaya tha.

leeds mein prati varsh ausatan 660 mimi (25.9 inch) varsha hoti hai jo United Kingdom mein sabse shushk mausamon mein se ek hai, aisa penaains parvat shreniyon ke kaaran hota hai jo atalaantik ki or se havaaon ko aane se rokati hai, fir bhi leeds mein har saal ausatan 147 dinon tak varsha hoti hai jo adhikaanshat: halki fuhaaron ke roop mein hoti hai lekin vasant ke uttaraarddh/garmiyon ki shuruaat ke dauraan bhaari moosalaadhaar baarish ho sakti hai. haalaanki aisa shaayad hi kabhi hota hai lekin charam mausam ho sakta hai. varsh 2007 ke dauraan United Kingdom mein aayare nadi ke tatabandh ke tootane ke kaaran city center ko baadh ka saamana karna pada tha. 14 sitmbar 2006 ko shahar ke heyarahils kshetr mein ek toranaado ka aakraman hua tha jisne pedon ko ukhaad diya tha, isi toofaan ne leeds station ke signalon ko naakaam kar diya tha.

janasaankhyiki

shahari upakhand

leeds tulana
A map of West Yorkshire showing the Leeds urban subdivision of the West Yorkshire Urban Area coloured green and the rest of the Urban area coloured blue-grey
leeds shahari upakhand ke saath
vest yaurkashaayar shahari kshetr
leeds
yooesadi		 leeds
jila		 pashchim
yaurks yooe		 England
janasankhya 443,247 715,402 1,499,465 49,138,831
gore 88.4% 91.9% 85.5% 90.9%
asian 6.4% 4.5% 11.2% 4.6%
ashvet 2.2% 1.4% 1.3% 2.3%
srot: raashtreeya saankhyiki ke liye kaaryaalaya[52][53]

2001 ki United Kingdom ki janaganana ke samay leeds ke shahari upakhand ne 109 varg kilometer (42 varg meal) kshetr ko gher liya tha aur yahaaain 443,247 ki aabaadi thi; jo ise England ke bheetar sabse adhik aabaadi wala chautha shahari upakhand aur United Kingdom ke bheetar paanchavaan sabse bada shahar banaata hai. janasankhya ka ghanatv 4,066 nivaasi prati varg kilometer (10,530 /varg meal) tha jo shesh vest yaurkashaayar shahari kshetr se thoda adhik tha. ismein leeds city ka 20% kshetr aur 62% janasankhya shaamil hai. shahari upakhand ki janasankhya mein mahila-purush ka anupaat 100 mein 93.1 ka tha.[54] 16 varsh se adhik ki umr ke logon mein 39.4% avivaahit (jisne kabhi shaadi naheen ki) aur 35.4% pehli baar shaadi karne vaale log shaamil the.[55] shahari upakhand ke 188,890 parivaaron mein 35% ek vyakti vaale, 27.9% saath rahane vaale shaadi-shuda jode, 8.8% saath rahane vaale jode aur 5.7% apne bachchon ke saath rahane vaale ekal maata-pita shaamil the. leeds vest yaurkashaayar shahari kshetr[45] ka sabse bada ghatak hai aur yoorostet dvaara iski ganana leeds-braidaford vishaal shahari kshetr ke hisse ke roop mein ki jaati hai. leeds 2001 mein kaarya ke liye yaatra karne wala kshetr ban gaya jis leeds city ka sampoorn bhaag, braidaford city ki uttari patti, karkalees ka poorvi kshetr aur dakshini North yaurkashaayar ka ek bhaag shaamil hai; yeh 751 varg kilometer (290 varg meal) ko gherata hai.

mahaanagareeya jila

2001 ki Britain ki janaganana ke anusaar jile ki kul janasankhya 715,402 thi.[56] leeds ke 301,614 parivaaron mein 33.3% saath rahane vaale shaadi-shuda jode, 31.6% ek vyakti vaale parivaar, 9.0% saath rahane vaale jode aur 9.8% akele rahane vaale maata ya pita the jo shesh England ki paddhati ka anusaran karta hai.[57] janasankhya ka ghanatv 1,967 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,094.5/sq mi)[57] tha aur pratyek 100 mahilaaon par purushon ka anupaat 93.5 tha.

leeds mein adhikaansh log apni pehchaan isaai ke roop mein karaate hain.[58] desh mein musalmaanon ka anupaat (janasankhya ka 3.0%) saamaanya hai.[58] leeds mein London aur Manchester ke baad United Kingdom ka teesara sabse bada yahoodi samudaaya rahata hai. alavoodali aur moorataaun ke kshetron mein bahut badi yahoodi aabaadi shaamil hai.[59] 2001 ki janaganana mein leeds ke 16.8% nivaasiyon ne khud ko "koi dharm naheen" maanane wala bata jo mote taur par sampoorn Britain ka aankada hai (iske alaava 8.1% log aise the jinhonne "apna dharm naheen bataaya" tha). aparaadh ki dar leeds mein kai anya pramukh angreji shaharon ki tarah raashtreeya ausat se kaafi oopar hai.[60][61] July 2006 mein think tank reform ne vibhinn aparaadhon ke liye aparaadh ke daron ki ganana ki aur iska sambandh pramukh shahari kshetron (100,000 ki aabaadi se adhik vaale shaharon ke roop mein paaribhaashit) ki aabaadi ke saath joda. is rating mein leeds ko 11vaan sthaan (London ke prashaasanik prabhaag ko chhodkar, London ke prashaasanik prabhaag sahit 23vaan sthaan) diya gaya tha.[62] neeche di gayi taalika 1801 ke baad se jile ke vartamaan kshetr ki janasankhya ka vivran upalabdh karaati hai jismein antim upalabdh janaganana ke aankadon ke baad pratishat badlaav bhi shaamil hai.

leeds city mein 1801 ke baad se janasankhya vruddhi
varsh 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
janasankhya 94,421 108,459 137,476 183,015 222,189 249,992 311,197 372,402 433,607 503,493 552,479 606,250 625,854 646,119 668,667 692,003 715,260 739,401 696,732 716,760 715,404
% badlaav - +14.87 +26.75 +33.13 21.40 +12.51 +24.48 +19.67 16.44 16.12 +9.73 +9.73 +3.23 +3.24 +3.49 +3.49 +3.36 +3.38 -5.77 +2.87 -0.19
srot: vijn of Britain[63]

sarkaar

leeds city sthaaneeya jila sarkaar hai aur leeds city kaaunsil sthaaneeya praadhikran hai. yeh kaaunsil 99 paarshadon se milkar bana hai jismein shahar ke pratyek ward ke liye teen paarshad hain. chunaav chaar varshon mein teen baar May maheene ke pehle guroovaar ko aayojit kiye jaate hain. pratyek chunaav mein ek tihaai paarshadon ko chaar varsh ke ek kaaryakaal ke liye chuna jaata hai. 2004 mein seema parivartan ki vajah se sabhi seaton par chunaav karaaye gaye the. kaaunsil varttamaan mein kisi bhi samagr niyantran ke adheen naheen hai aur iska sanchaalan lebar aur green ke paarshadon ke ek gathabandhan dvaara dvaara kiya jaata hai. vest yaurkashaayar mein koi County kaaunsil naheen hai, isliye leeds city kaaunsil shahar ke liye sthaaneeya sarkaar ki sevaaon ka pramukh pradaata hai. jila yaurkashaayar aur England ke hanbar kshetr mein hai aur ismein ek gair-nagareeya kshetr evam civil pairish shaamil hain. ye sthaaneeya sarkaar[64] ke sabse nichle star hain aur in kshetron mein leeds city kaaunsil ki kuchh seemit kaarya pranaaliyon ko niyantrit karte hain. haursaforth, maurle, otale aur vedarabaai ke kaaunsil shahar ke kaaunsil hain.[65] jile mein 27 anya civil pairish maujood hain.

jile ka pratinidhitv aath saansadon dvaara kiya jaata hai jinmein shaamil hain elmet aur rothavel (elek shelabrook, kanjarvetiv); leeds central (Hillary ben lebar); leeds East (George moodi, lebar), leeds North East (febiyn haimiltan, lebar); leeds North vest (Greg moololaind, lib dem); leeds vest (raahel reevs, lebar); maurle aur aautavud (vekafeeld city ke saath saajha nirvaachan kshetr) (Ed bauls, lebar); aur pudase (stuart Andrew, kanjarvetiv). leeds yaurkashaayar evam hanbar Europeeya nirvaachan kshetr ke bheetar aata hai jiska pratinidhitv do kanjarvetiv ek lebar, ek yookeaaipi, ek libral democrat aur ek beeenapi emaipi dvaara kiya jaata hai. June 2009 ke Europeeya sansad ke chunaav mein leeds ke liye matadaan ke aankade is prakaar the: kanjarvetiv 22.6%, lebar 21.4%, yookeaaipi 15.9%, lib dem 13.8%, beeenapi 10.0%, green 9.4%.[66]

arthavyavastha

A tall modern building of 32 floors. On the left of the services shaft, all the floors of the tower are semicircular, as are the top four floors to the right. Below the latter, the remaining floors diminish in size from top to bottom and their right sides form a slope.
'di daalak' naam se bhi mashahoor brijvautar place; 2009 mein city in se liya gaya

leeds mein ek vividh arthavyavastha hai jahaan seva kshetr mein rojagaar ab paaramparik vinirmaan udyogon se kaafi aage nikal gaya hai. 2002 mein leeds jile mein 401,000 karmachaariyon ko panjeekrut kiya gaya tha. inmein se 24.7% lok prashaasan, shiksha aur svaasthya mein the jabki 23.9% banking, vitt aur beema kshetr mein aur 21.4% vitran, hotel aur restaraanon ke kshetr mein the. banking, vitt aur beema sectoron mein leeds is kshetr aur desh ki vitteeya sanrachana se kaafi alag hai.[67] yeh shahar London ke baahar England mein sabse bade vitteeya keindron mein se ek ka sthaan hai.[68][69][70][71][72][73] retail, call center, office aur media jaise truteeyak udyogon ne aarthik vikaas ki ek uchch dar haasil karne mein yogadaan kiya hai. is shahar mein Britain ke bank of England ka ek maatr sahaayak kaaryaalaya sthit hai. 2006 mein shahar ka jeeveee 16.3 billion pound[74] darj kiya gaya tha jismein sampoorn leeds city kshetr dvaara 46 billion pound ki ek arthavyavastha ka srujan kiya jaata tha.[75]

leeds ke vyaapak retail kshetr ki pehchaan sampoorn yaurkashaayar aur hanbar kshetr ke liye pramukh kshetreeya shopping center ke roop mein ki jaati hai aur lagbhag 3.2 million log iske jalagrahan kshetr ke bheetar rahate hain.[76] shahar ke madhya mein kai inador shopping center sthit hain jinmein meriyn center, leeds shopping plaaja, seint jauns center, heedro center, Victoria quarter, the laait aur kaurn exchange shaamil hain. kul milaakar vahaan lagbhag 1,000 retail store sthit hai jiska sanyukt floraspes 22,64,100 varg fut (2,10,340 mi2) hai.[76] leeds mein riteling mein kaaryarat 40,000 logon mein se 75% aise sthaanon mein kaam karte hain jo city center mein sthit naheen hain. kai aise gaanvon mein jo County prashaasanik prabhaag ka hissa bante hain aur aise kasbon mein jinhein 1974 mein leeds city mein nigmit kiya gaya tha, atirikt shopping center sthit hain.[77]

office sambandhi nirmaan bhi paramparaagat roop se bheetari kshetr mein sthit hai jo aayar nadi ke dakshin mein fail gaya hai aur yeh kul milaakar 1,10,00,000 varg fut (10,00,000 mi2) sthaan gherata hai.[76] 1999 se 2008 ki avadhi mein 2.5 billion pound ki sampatti ka nirmaan keindreeya leeds mein kiya gaya; jinmein se 711 million pound office, 265 million pound retail, 389 million pound leejar aur 794 million pound aavaas ke roop mein tha. is avadhi mein nayi sanpada ke nirmaan mein vinirmaan aur vitran ke upayog ka hissa 26 million pound ka tha. city center mein 130,100 naukriyaan maujood hain jo vistrut jile mein sabhi naukariyon ka 31% hissa hai. 2007 mein 47,500 naukriyaan vitt aur vyaapaar mein, 42,300 saarvajanik sevaaon mein aur 19,500 khudara evam vitran mein thi. jile mein vitteeya kshetr ki naukariyon ka 43% leeds city center mein maujood tha aur city center mein kaaryarat logon mein 44% nau kilometer se adhik doori par rahate the.[76] paryatan leeds ki arthavyavastha ke liye mahatvapoorn hai, 2009 mein leeds Britain ke paryatakon[78] dvaara England mein sabse adhik bhraman kiya jaane wala aathavaan shahar tha aur videshi paryatakon ke maamale mein yeh 13vaan sabse adhik bhraman kiya jaane wala shahar tha.[79]

January 2011 mein center for siteej dvaara prakaashit ek report mein leeds ko paanch "darshaneeya shaharon" mein ek ke roop mein naamit kiya gaya hai.[80] report se yeh pata chalta hai ki leeds ke ausat nivaasi prati saptaah[81] 471 pound arjit karte hain jo raashtreeya star par satrahavaan hai, leeds ke 30.9% nivaasiyon ke paas enaveekyoo4+ ki uchch-stareeya star ki yogyataaen[82] hain jo raashtreeya star par pandrahavaan hai aur leeds ki berojgaari ki dar 2010 mein 70.4% par Bristol ke saath khadi hai jo raashtreeya ausat par ya usase adhik rojagaar ki dar hai.[83] isse yeh bhi pata chalta hai ki leeds 2014/2015 mein kalyaan yojanaaon mein hone waali katauti se sabse kam prabhaavit pramukh shahar hoga jahaan leevarapool mein -192 pound aur glaasago mein -175 pound prati vyakti ki katauti ki tulana mein -125 pound prati vyakti ki katauti ka anumaan hai.[84]

prasiddh sthal

A pedestrian square in sunny weather. At the rear is a large neo-Georgian building of Portland stone. It has a giant portico with four Corinthian columns and a pediment. On the ground floor, there are three entrance doors under the portico and two windows on either side of it. All the doors and windows have Gibbs surrounds and pediments. The window pediments are normal, while those over the doors are segmental. The first floor has seven plain windows, three of them behind the portico, and all of them larger than those on the ground floor. On either side of the building are two tall towers in Wren style with elaborate columned pavilions surmounted by smaller pedimented ones, and on top of each is an obelisk surmounted by a golden owl. In front of the building on each side there are similar obelisks and owls, and prominent gold clocks are attached to the sides of the building at second-floor level. In the background on both sides are tall modern buildings.
mileniym square mein leeds sivik hall

leeds mein vibhinn prakaar ke praakrutik aur nirmit suprasiddh sthal dekhe jaate hain. praakrutik darshaneeya sthalon mein otale chevin ka gritston aautakaurp aur feyarabarn ings aaraesapeebi reserve jaise vividhtaapoorn sthal shaamil hain. raaundahe aur tempal nyoosaim mein sthit shahar ke paarkon ka svaamitv aur rakharakhaav kardaataaon ke laabh ke liye kaafi samay se kaaunsil ke haathon mein hai aur leeds ke kendra mein khule sthaanon mein mileniym square, leeds shahar square, park square aur Victoria gaardans shaamil hain. Victoria gaardans central city ke yuddh smaarak ka sthal hai: upanagaron, kasbon aur gaanvon mein 42 anya yuddh smaarak maujood hain.[85]

nirmit parivesh mein maurle taaun hall aur leeds, leeds taaun hall evam kaurn exchange mein imaaraton ki tikdi aur vaastukaar kathabart braudarik dvaara nirmit leeds city myoojiym jaise naagrik gaurav ki imaaratein samaahit hain. leeds ke kshitij par aashcharyajanak roop se safed do imaaratein leeds university ki paarkinsan bilding aur sivik hall hain jiske judvaan shikharon par ke sheersh par aakarshak sunahare ulloo bane hue hain.[86] aarmle mils, ghantaaghar se prerit apne taavaron ke saath tower varks aur misr ki shaili ke tempal varks shahar ke audyogik itihaas ki yaad dilaate hain jabki karkastaul AB ke khandahar aur sthal sistarsiyn vaastukala ki sundarata aur bhavyata ko darshaate hain. ullekhaneeya girjaaghar hain city center mein sthit leeds pairish church, seint George church aur leeds kaithedral aur shaant sthalon mein seint John the baipatist, edel aur baardase pairish church.

Bridgewater place ka 110 meter (360 fut) tauvar jise the dailek ke roop mein bhi jaana jaata hai, yeh ek pramukh kaaryaalaya aur aavaaseeya nirmaan ka ek hissa hai aur kshetr ki sabse oonchi imaarat hai; ise meelon door se dekha ja sakta hai.[87] eni tauvar blaukon mein city center ke uttar mein 37-manjila skaai plaaja ek oonchaai par sthit hai jiske kaaran iski 105 meter (344 fut) oonchaai Bridgewater se kaheen adhik dikhaai deti hai.

elaand road (football) aur hedingle stadium (cricket evam ragbi) khel ke prati utsaah rakhane vaalon ke beech kaafi mashahoor hai aur white roj center ek suprasiddh retail aautalet hai.

A panoramic view of a number of mainly modern high-rise buildings, some not yet complete, with, in the background, rising ground with suburban buildings and parks. The towers of some older buildings can be made out in the left foreground.
dakshin se leeds kshitij ka drushya

parivhan

leeds e62, e63, e64, e65 aur e660 sadkon ka praarambhik bindu hai, iske alaava yeh e58 aur e61 par sthit hai. ema1 aur ema62 iske dakshin mein ek doosare ko kaatate hain aur e1 (M) poorv se hokar gujarata hai. leeds uttari motaramaarg network ke pramukh kendron mein se ek hai. iske atirikt vahaan ek shahari motaramaarg network bhi hai, rediyl ema621 traffic ko ema62 aur ema1 se central leeds ke bheetar le jaata hai. iske alaava aanshik motaramaarg ke darje ke saath ek inar ring road aur outer ring road bhi maujood hai. city center[88] ka ek hissa paidal yaatriyon ke liye hai aur yeh keval-dakshinaavart loop road se ghira hua hai.

The interior of a large modern railway-station with a curved roof and skylights. An Inter-City train is at Platform 9c to the right and a local train is at one of the platforms on the far left. In between, three empty tracks with crossovers can be seen between the curved platforms 11 and 12, both of which have low modern buildings for passenger use and gantries for signals and overhead cables. A footbridge with escalators can be seen at the far end of the station, and some of the platforms extend further outside the overall roof.
2002 ke baad leeds railway station ka punarnirmaan
The frontage, consisting mainly three rows of glass panes, of a long building. Above the glass is a concrete section containing the words "Leeds Bradford International Airport" in capitals and, to the right, an aeroplane symbol. Beyond this, the concrete section continues diagonally downwards to the ground. To the left of this support is an entrance which cuts into six panes of the two lower rows of glass panels, and some passengers pulling suitcases are entering the building. Two smaller entrances to the left replace four of the ground-level panels. In front of these are railings. In the foreground are roads, pedestrian walkways, bollards and five large free-standing box-shaped objects.
leeds braidaford antararaashtreeya havaai adde ka terminal.

leeds kshetr mein saarvajanik parivhan ko vest yaurkashaayar metro[89] dvaara samanvit aur dvaara viksit kiya jaata hai jahaan seva ki jaankaari leeds city kaaunsil[90] aur vest yaurkashaayar metro dvaara pradaan ki jaati hai. leeds mein saarvajanik parivhan ke liye pramukh saadhan bas sevaaen hain. mukhya pradaata first leeds hai aur arriva yaurkashaayar shahar ke dakshin ke maargon par sevaaen pradaan karti hain. leeds ek muft bas seva, freesiti bas ki seva bhi pradaan karta hai. leeds city bas station daayar street par hai aur iska istemaal yaurkashaayar mein kasbon aur shaharon ki bas seva dvaara kiya jaata hai, saath hi kuchh sthaaneeya sevaaen bhi maujood hain. national express coach seva ke liye coach station iske paas hi hai. shahar se baahar ki bas sevaaen mukhya roop se farstabas aur arriva yaurkashaayar dvaara pradaan ki jaati hain. hairoget end distrikt hairoget aur ripn ke liye ek seva pradaan karti hai. keele end distrikt shipli, bingale aur keele ke liye seva pradaan karti hai. yaurkashaayar kostalaainar seva leeds se yaurk aur maaltan se hokar bridlingatan, faaile, skaaraboro aur vhitbi ke liye chalti hai. stejakoch goole se hokar hal ke liye ek seva pradaan karti hai.

new station street mein leeds railway station se naurdarn rel dvaara metrotrens (MetroTrains) sanchaalit ki jaati hai jo leeds ke upanagaron aur isse aage leeds city reejan ke sabhi bhaagon ke liye chalti hai. yeh station London ke baahar England mein sabse vyast stationon mein se ek hai, prati din 900 se adhik trainein aur 50,000 se adhik yaatri yahaan se hokar gujarte hain.[91] yeh raashtreeya aur antararaashtreeya sampark ke saath-saath sthaaneeya aur kshetreeya gantavyon ke liye sevaaen pradaan karta hai. station mein 17 platform hain jo ise London ke baahar England ka sabse bada station banaata hai.[92]

leeds braidaford antararaashtreeya havaai adda yeedan mein sthit hai jo city center ke uttar-pashchim mein lagbhag 10 meal (16 kimi) door hai aur yahaan Europe ke saath-saath misr, Pakistan aur Turkey ke bheetar ke gantavyon ke liye chaartar evam niyamit donon tarah ki udaanein upalabdh hain. yahaan London Gatwick airport, peris Charles di gaul airport aur emstardam shifol airport se hokar duniya ke baaki hisson ke liye sampark suvidhaaen upalabdh hain. leeds se Manchester airport tak ek seedhi rel seva maujood hai. raubin hood airport donkaastar Sheffield leeds se 40 meal (64 kimi) door dakshin-poorv mein sthit hai. leeds ka sampark hal ke saath sadak, rel aur coach ke maadhyam se hai jismein keval ek ghante ka samay lagta hai jahaan se peeendao fereej dvaara sanchaalit feri sevaaon ke maadhyam se rautaradam aur jeebrooj ke liye yaatra ki ja sakti hai.

paidal yaatra

A close-up view of a large wooden post with a pointed top. Affixed to this is a panel containing a yellow outline of an owl and the letters "LCW". Attached to the post are two rusty metal rails to the left and part of a wooden fence with barbed-wire to the right. In the background are several fields, with a low hill far left. To the right is a nearby tree and there is a larger one some distance behind it.
leeds country ve vemaark

leeds country ve shahar ke graameen ilaakon se hokar 62 meal (100 kimi) ka ek chihnit raaston se yukt vruttaakaar paidal maarg hai jismein city square se kabhi bhi 7 meal (11 kimi) se adhik samay naheen lagta hai. meenavud valley trel vudahaaus moor se nikalkar meenavud bek ke saath golden ekar park tak jaati hai. leeds ka dels ve ka vistaar ilkali aur vaaindarameyar ki or shaakhit hokar aage badhne se pehle meenavud valley trel ka anusaran karta hai. leeds paidal yaatriyon aur cycle chaalakon ke liye traans penaain trel ke uttari khand mein sthit hai aur leeds livrapool canal ka topaath ek anya lokapriya paidal maarg hai. iske alaava leeds ke shahari aur graameen donon hisson mein kai park aur saarvajanik futapaath maujood hain aur raimbalars association, vaayaechae evam anya paidal yaatra sangathan saamaajik paidal yaatraaen upalabdh karaate hain. raimbalars association leeds mein aur iske aaspaas paidal yaatraaon ki vibhinn pustikaaen prakaashit karta hai.[93]

shiksha

vidyaalaya

A road-junction with traffic-lights, traffic queuing uphill and lamp-standards with pairs of lights. In the foreground on the right is part of a flower-bed, and behind it, uphill in the distance, is a multi-storey car-park. On the left is a complex of four twentieth-century buildings flanked by a number of roadside trees: at the front is a three-storey building with bands of windows and some light brown stone cladding, while behind it to the right is a much taller end-on block in the same style; to the left of this block, an older building of the same height with alternate bands of concrete and windows; further up the road, a more recent lower-rise sleek white building.
leeds metropolitan vishvavidyaalaya

2001 ki janaganana ke samay leeds mein 0-19 varsh ki umr ke yuvaaon ki janasankhya 183,000 thi jinmein se 110,000 yuva sthaaneeya praadhikran ke schoolon mein jaate the.[94] 2008 mein leeds city kaaunsil ke svaamitv waali ek alaabhakaari company edukeshan leeds ne 220 praathamik vidyaalayon, 39 maadhyamik vidyaalayon tatha 6 vishesh samaaveshi shikshan keindron ki vyavastha ki thi.[95] sarkaari bilding skools for the future ki pahal ke antargat leeds ne 13 maadhyamik vidyaalayon ko uchch-stareeya upalabdhiyon vaale, E-aatmavishvaasi, samaaveshi schoolon ke roop mein roopaantarit karne ke liye 260 million pound ki raashi shurakshit ki thi. inmein se pehle teen school elartan haai school, pudasi greinjafeeld school aur rodiliyn school September 2008 mein khole gaye the.[96] kyonki leeds mein ek girti hui janm dar hai, isliye kaaunsil haal par dinon mein school ke sthaanon ko kam karne ka dabaav badha hai jiske parinaam svaroop kuchh schoolon ka vilay kar diya gaya aur kuchh band kar diye gaye hain. shahar ka sabse puraana aur sabse bada niji school leeds mein sthit the graamar school hai jiska 2005 mein kaanooni roop se punargathan 1552 mein sthaapit leeds graamar skools aur 1857 mein sthaapit leeds girls haai school ke vilay ke baad kiya gaya tha. leeds mein anya svatantr schoolon mein yahoodi[97] aur muslim[98] samudaayon ke liye sevaarat dhaarmik school shaamil hain.

atirikt aur uchch shiksha

A monumental twentieth-century neo-classical building of Portland stone stands on a main road with blue sky and clouds behind and above it. It has a basement and four floors, with a flight of steps leading up to a recessed portico and above it a tall clock-tower in four stages in Greek revival style. A lower addition extends out of the picture to the left. In front is an island flower-bed and on the other side of the road are a number of older brick buildings. A number of pedestrians, a bus and a taxi are also to be seen, as well as a left-pointing sign saying "Alternative hgv route to the University".
paarkinsans bhavan, leeds vishvavidyaalaya

atirikt shiksha leeds city college (2009 mein ek vilay ke jariye gathit aur 60,000 se adhik chhaatron ki maujoodagi ke saath), leeds college of bilding, maurle mein Joseph prestali college aur notre dem Catholic siksth form college dvaara pradaan ki jaati hai. shahar mein do vishvavidyaalaya hain: leeds vishvavidyaalaya ko 1904 mein apna chaartar praapt hua tha jo 1874 mein sthaapit yaurkashaayar college aur 1831 ke leeds school of mediseen se viksit hua tha, iske alaava leeds metropolitan university 1992 mein ek vishvavidyaalaya bana tha lekin iski jadein 1824 ke mekaaniks instityoot mein paayi ja sakti hain. leeds vishvavidyaalaya mein kul milaakar 31,000 chhaatr hain jinmein se 21,500 poornakaalik ya saindavich antarasnaatak degree ke chhaatr hain,[99] leeds metropolitan vishvavidyaalaya mein chhaatron ki kul sankhya 52,000 hai jinmein se 12,000 poornakaalik ya saindavich antarasnaatak degree ke chhaatr aur 2,100 poornakaalik ya saindavich echaenadi chhaatr hain.[100] anya uchch-stareeya shikshan sansthaan hain: leeds triniti university college jahaan 3,000 se bhi kam chhaatr hain,[101] leeds college of Art, leeds college of myoojik aur naurdarn school of kaantemporeri dance. the indipeindeint samaachaar patra dvaara kiye gaye ek sarvekshan mein is shahar ko best UK university destineshan chuna gaya tha.[102] shikshaarthiyon ka sanyukt kul yog 250,000 se adhik chhaatron ke saath leeds ko desh mein sabse badi chhaatr sankhya rakhane ka darja deta hai.[103]

sanskruti

media

A quirky modern five-storey building with a large sign saying "BBC Yorkshire" in black above the second-floor windows on the white-fronted facade of the lower four floors can be seen on the far side of a dual-carriageway road with a barrier along the central reservation. At right-angles to the right of the building is a tall blue slab with the letters "BBC" in white at the top. The left side of the building is mostly brick-red with a few windows, but above it is a light blue windowless section. The roof above this and the grey fifth floor of the frontage curves gently down to the rear. A lone car is driving from left to right along the road; between it and the building, temporary boards have been erected in front of a building to the left. In the top left-hand corner of the picture, part of a tall many-windowed building can be seen.
BBC yaurkashaayar studio

yaurkashaayar post nyoojapepar limited jiska svaamitv jaunastan press peeelasi ke paas hai, isi shahar mein sthit hai aur yeh ek dainik praat:kaaleen prasaaran yaurkashaayar post tatha ek saayankaaleen akhbaar yaurkashaayar ivaning post (vaayaipi) nikaalata hai. vaayaipi ki ek website hai jismein saamudaayik prushthon ki ek shrrunkhala shaamil hai jo shahar ke vishisht kshetron par dhyaan karti hai.[104] vedarabaai news mukhya roop se jile ke uttar-poorvi sector ke bheetar ke kshetron ko kavar karta hai aur hvaarfdel end aayaredel objarvar jo ilkali mein prakaashit hota hai aur yeh uttar-pashchim ko kavar karta hai, donon saaptaahik roop se nikalte hain. donon hi vishvavidyaalayon ke apne chhaatr akhbaar hain, saaptaahik leeds student leeds vishvavidyaalaya se aur maasik the met leeds metropolitan vishvavidyaalaya ka akhbaar hai. the leeds guide ek paakshik listing patrika hai jiski sthaapana 1997 mein hui thi. ni:shulk muft prakaashan mein leeds weekly news shaamil hai jise yaurkashaayar post nyoojapepar dvaara chaar bhaugolik sanskaranon mein nikaala jaata hai aur iska vitran shahar ke pramukh shahari kshetr ke gharon mein kiya jaata hai[105] aur metro ka kshetreeya sanskaran jiska vitran bason aur railway stationon par kiya jaata hai.

kshetreeya television aur radio stationon ka aadhaar shahar mein hai; BBC television aur aaiteevi donon ke paas leeds mein kshetreeya studio aur prasaaran kendra hain. aaiteevi yaurkashaayar jo pehle yaurkashaayar television tha yeh karkastaul road par the leeds studio se prasaarit hota hai. yahaaain kai kai svatantr film nirmaan companiyaan bhi maujood hain jinmein 1978 mein sthaapit alaabhakaari sahakaari leeds enimeshan workshop; saamudaayik video nirmaata vera media aur kai chhoti vyaavasaayik nirmaan companiyaan shaamil hain. BBC radio leeds, radio aayare, maijik 828, galaxy yaurkashaayar, reeyal radio aur yaurkashaayar radio is shahar se prasaarit hote hain. LSRfm.com leeds university union mein sthit hai aur yeh niyamit roop se shahar ke aaspaas baahari prasaaran ka aayojan karta hai. leeds ke bheetar kai samudaayon ka apna sthaaneeya radio station hai jaise ki vedarabaai aur aaspaas ke kshetron ke liye East leeds efaem aur tempo efaem. leeds ke paas apna swayam ka niji swaamitv wala television station bhi hai apne swayam ke : leeds television svayansevakon dvaara chalaaya jaata hai aur udyog ke media mein samarthit dvaara peshevaron.[krupaya uddharan jodein]

sangrahaalaya

A queue of people at the edge of a pedestrianised square stretches uphill across the scene from right to left, then doubles back up another slope to the double-arched entrance at the centre of a large mid-nineteenth-century stone building. This also has steps leading up to the entrance with four ornamental street-lamps in front. On either side of the entrance are giant pilasters, two more of which can be seen, surmounted by urns, at the building's corners. There are six large windows with shell tympanums and scroll-effect balcony rails between the entrance and the corners on each side, with five small circular windows above and between the tympanums. Below on each side are basement windows, those on the left obscured because of the sloping site. Above the entrance is a large arch and above that, in gold lettering, is "Leeds City Museum". Higher up is another gold inscription, "Leeds Institute". Above this is another, larger, tympanum with sculpture, set in a pediment with urns on either side. Behind is a mansard roof.
leeds city sangrahaalaya
A long mid-Victorian Jacobethan-style building of red brick can be seen beyond a wide entrance with open metal gates and adjacent railings. A car is about to go through the entry barrier. The building has three storeys with, in the centre, a large round-headed window occupying the two storeys over the entrance and a tower above with turrets at the corners. On either side of the tower, bay windows project forward on all three floors, and parapets and six shaped gables can be seen along the roof-line. Behind and to the left can be seen a tall modern building, while behind and to the right there is a tall chimney.
Thackeray sangrahaalaya

2008[106] mein mileniym square mein ek nae leeds city myoojiym ki shuruaat hui thi. AB house myoojiym karkastaul AB ke poorv getahaaus mein sthit hai aur ismein viktoriyaai maargon aur galiyaaron ka vivran shaamil hai jo AB, bachapan aur viktoriyaai leeds ke itihaas ka varnan karta hai. aarmale mils audyogik sangrahaalaya us sthaan par sthit hai jo kabhi duniya ka sabse bada oon ka kaarkhaana tha[107] aur ismein audyogik machinery tatha railway lokomotiv shaamil hain. yeh sangrahaalaya duniya ke sabse pehle gyaat chalachitr ka bhi pradarshan karta hai jinhein raaundahe garden scene aur leeds brij ke lui di prince dvaara 1888 mein liya gaya tha. thvaayat mils vaataramil myoojiym aayare nadi par city center ke poorv mein sthit 1820 ke dashak ka ek poori tarah se punargathit jal-sanchaalit mil hai. Thackeray myoojiym davaaon ke itihaas ka ek sangrahaalaya hai jo viktoriyaai jan svaasthya, chetanaashoonyata ke poorv ki shalya chikitsa aur prasav mein suraksha jaise vishyon ko darshaata hai. yeh seint James aspataal ke bagal mein ek poorv kaaryashaala mein sthit hai. royal aarmareej myoojiym ko 1996 mein ek naatakeeya aadhunik imaarat mein khola gaya tha jab raashtreeya sangrah ke is bhaag ko London ke tauvar se sthaanaantarit kar diya gaya tha. leeds Art gailari ko ek bade naveekaran ke baad June 2007 mein fir se khola gaya tha aur ismein paaramparik evam samakaaleen british kala ka ek mahatvapoorn sangrah maujood hai. leeds ke chhote sangrahaalayon mein shaamil hain otale myoojiym, haursaforth vilej myoojiym,[108] university of leeds teksataail archive (yooelaaaiteee)[109] aur fulanek moreviyn setalameint mein sthit sangrahaalaya.

sangeet, rangamanch aur nrutya

leeds mein grand theatre hai jahaan opera North sthit hai, city veraaiteej myoojik hall jisne Charlie chaipalin aur Harry haudini ke kaaryakramon ka aayojan kiya tha aur yeh BBC television kaaryakram the gud old days ka aayojan sthal bhi thi aur vest yaurkashaayar plehaaus.[110][111][112]

leeds feeniks dance theatre jiska gathan 1981 mein shahar ke heyarahils kshetr mein kiya gaya tha aur naurdarn baile theatre ka ek kendra bhi hai.[113] 2010 ki sharad ritu mein donon companiyaan uddeshya se nirmit nrutya kendra mein chali jaaegi jo London ke baahar nrutya ke liye sabse bada sthaan ho jaaega. yeh ek doosare ke nikat raashtreeya shaastreeya aur ek raashtreeya samakaaleen nrutya company ke gathan ke liye nrutya ka ekamaatr sthaan hoga.[114]

leeds se utpann hone vaale lokapriya sangeet kalaaon mein shaamil hain the veding prejeint, sauft sel, the sanashaain andaragraaund, the sistars of marsi, haindaauken!, kaisar Chiefs, gang of for, the ridm sistars aur spaais girls ki melaani bi.[115][116][117][118][119][120]

kaarnivl aur utsav

Part of a West Indian carnival procession passes along a public road in front of trees (to the left) and red-brick houses (to the right). In front is a participant wearing a gold helmet and vestigial armour. Above and around her is an enormous shield-shaped yellow, gold and red contraption supported by spokes and with many large feathers. Behind her is another participant in a white dress with a similar-shaped feathered shield contraption in yellow, brown and purple worn the other way up.
leeds kaarnivaal yaatra

leeds kaarnivl pashchimi Europe ka sabse puraana vest Indian kaarnivl aur nauting hil kaarnivl ke baad Britain ka doosra sabse bada kaarnivl hai.[121][122] teen dinon ke aayojan mein yeh lagbhag 100,000 logon ko chaipalataaun aur heyarahils ki sadakon ki or aakarshit karta hai. yahaaain pautar nyootan park mein ek vishaal julus ka aayojan hota hai jahaan staul, manoranjan aur jalapaan ki vyavasthaaen hoti hain. leeds mahotsav rock aur Indy sangeet ke kuchh sabse bade naamon ka pradarshan karta hai jinka aayojan har saal bramham park mein hota hai. leeds Asiaee mahotsav jo pehle leeds mela tha, iska aayojan raaundahe park mein hota hai.[123] otale fok festival (sanrakshak: nick jons)[124], vaaking festival[125], kaarnivl[126] aur viktoriyn christmas fair[127] vaarshik aayojan hain. laait night leeds ka aayojan har saal October[128] mein hota hai aur September mein heritej open days ke liye kai sthal saarvajanik roop se khule hote hain.[129] faini vaataramain aur mairiyn steen dvaara 1963 mein sthaapit leeds international piyaanofort pratiyogita 1963 se har teen saal par shahar mein aayojit ki jaati hai aur isne sangeet kaaryakramon ke kai pramukh piyaanovaadakon ke kairiyr ko shuruaat di hai. the leeds international kaunsart season, jismein leeds taaun hall mein aayojit hone vaale aarkestra aur koral kansart tatha anya aayojan shaamil hain, yeh Britain mein sthaaneeya praadhikran ka sabse bada sangeet kaaryakram hai.[130]

leeds antarraashtreeya film samaaroh England ke baahar London ka sabse bada filmotsav hai[131] aur yahaan duniya bhar ke filmon ko dikhaaya jaata hai. ismein atyant safal leeds yang people's film festival shaamil hai jo bachchon evam yuvaaon dvaara unke liye banaae gaye romaanchak aur Abhinav donon tarah ke filmon ka pradarshan karta hai.[132] gaaraforth ek pakhavaade tak chalne vaale mahotsav the gaaraforth Arts festival ka aayojan sthal hai jo 2005 se ek vaarshik aayojan raha hai. leeds festival frinj ek saptaah tak chalne waali ek sangeet samaaroh hai jiska srujan 2010 mein leeds festival se poorv ke saptaah mein sthaaneeya pratibhaaon ko pradarshit karne ke liye kiya gaya tha.

night life

A night-time scene of a dock containing a number of moored canal-boats to left and right and railings around the edges. At the front is part of a lock gate and steps leading down to the water. Around most of the dock are multi-storey modern buildings, some with lighted ground-floors and seats and decorative objects outside. The most prominent of these, at the far end, is a twenty-storey building with curving facades.
kleeyareins dauk mein kai nae restaurant aur baar hain.

leeds mein ek bahut badi chhaatr janasankhya hai, nateejatan yahaan pabon, baaron, naaitaklabon aur restaraaon ki ek badi sankhya maujood hai, saath hi yahaan live sangeet kaaryakramon ke aayojan sthal bhi bahutaayat mein hain. leeds sangeet ki pasand ki ek poori range ko darshaata hai. ismein back 2 besik aur speedakveen club nights ka mool kendra shaamil hai.[133] maurle tekno club the orbit ka sthal tha.[134] leeds mein kai bade 'super club' hain aur yahaan svatantr clubon ka ek vikalp maujood hai.

leeds mein ek suvyasthit samalaingik naaitalaaif drushya maujood hai. brij in aur the new peni donon call len par sthit hain aur kaafi samay se samalaingik raatri kendra rahe hain.[135]

mileniym square aur sivik ya naurdarn quarter ki or chhaatron aur saptaahaant ke aagantukon ke liye ek ubharata manoranjan jila sthit hai. square mein kai baar aur restaraaen maujood hain aur sivik theatre ke paas ek vishaal aautador screen nirmit hai. mileniym square christmas market, gigs end kansarts, siteevaaid paarteej aur the ridms of city festivls jaise bade mausami kaaryakramon ka aayojan sthal hai. yeh mandela garden ke paas sthit hai jiska udaghaatan 2001 mein nelsan mandela dvaara kiya gaya tha. city center ke romaanchon ke madhya mein kai lok kala pradarshaniyaan, favvaare, ek nahar aur hariyaali ko bhi dekha ja sakta hai.

khel

Outside a large stadium with a cantilevered stand at the right-hand end and some lower buildings on the left.
elland road stadium

is shahar ke paas sabhi pramukh raashtreeya khelon ka pratinidhitv karne waali teemein hain. leeds United A.ef.si. shahar ke mukhya football club hain. leeds rhinos (ragbi league), leeds kaarnegi (ragbi union aur yaurkashaayar County cricket club bhi is shahar mein sthit hain. leeds United ka gathan 1919 mein kiya gaya tha aur yeh beestan mein 40,000 ki kshamata vaale elaand road mein khelati hai. yeh team the championship - angreji football ki dviteeya shreni mein khelati hai.

Inside a stadium with grass in the foreground and rugby posts and a large three-storey roofed stand with clock at the far end. At ground-level there are steps and railings for standing patrons, and in front are a number of advertisements for the Leeds Building Society, PowerGen, Studio Jeff Banks, etc. The upper part of the stand has about fifteen rows of seats, most of them coloured blue but the others collectively spelling out the word "Carnegie". There are a small number of patrons in both sections and a few more on the top level in front of some windows at the rear. To the left of the stand is part of another three-storey building. In front of this, at the far left-hand end of the pitch, are a few drum-majorettes with pompoms.
hedingle stadium (ragbi) ka naya kaarnegi stand

leeds raaino leeds ki sabse safal ragbi league team hai. 2009 mein yeh lagaataar teen season tak super league champion banane wala pehla club raha tha, jisne inka chautha super league title pradaan kiya tha.[136] ye apna sthaaneeya khel hedingle kaarnegi stadium mein khelte hain. John Charles center for sport mein sthit hansalet hauks ko-oparetiv championship van mein khelati hai. braimale bufailoj aur leeds ekkeej ragbi league conference ke sadasya hain. leeds kaarnegi jise pehle leeds taaiks ke roop mein jaana jaata tha, yeh leeds mein sabse agrani ragbi union team hai aur yeh hedingle kaarnegi stadium mein khelati hai. ye gineej preemiyraship mein khelte hain jo England mein sheersh star ka sthaaneeya ragbi union hai. otale aar.you.ef.si. shahar ke uttar mein sthit ek ragbi union club hai aur yeh national diveejan van mein bhi pratispardha karti hai jabki maurle mein sthit maurle aar.ef.si. varttamaan mein national diveejan three North mein khelati hai. leeds kaarnegi L.ef.si. leeds mein sarvashreshth darja praapt mahila mahila football team hai jo England mein uchchatam star, efae vumens Premier league national diveejan mein pratispardha karti hai.


leeds city ethaletiks club british ethaletiks league aur UK vumens league ke saath-saath North uttari ethaletiks league mein pratispardha karta hai. is shahar mein prachur maatra mein khel suvidhaaen maujood hain jinmein shaamil hain elaand road football stadium jo 1996 ke Europeeya football championship ke dauraan ek aayojak stadium tha, hedingle kaaranegi stadium jo cricket aur ragbi league donon ke liye aasann vishv prasiddh stadium hai aur John Charles center for sports jiske ekvetiks center[137] mein ek olanpik aakaar ka taranataal maujood hai aur ismein ek bahu-upayogi stadium bhi shaamil hai. anya suvidhaaon mein leeds Wall (seedheedaar) aur yeedan taarn naukaayan kendra shaamil hain. 1929 mein british dharati par hone vaale golf ki pehli rider cup ki pratiyogita leeds ke moorataaun golf club mein hui thi aur vedarabaai mein ek raashtreeya hant race course maujood hai.[138] 1928 se 1939 tak ki avadhi mein speedave resing ka aayojan leeds ke elaand road par sthit grehaaund stadium ke ek track par kiya gaya tha. is track ko 1931 ke naurdarn league mein ek team mein pravesh mila.

dharm

A street sloping uphill from right to left. There are parked cars and pedestrians in the foreground, and the hoardings further up indicate that the road is temporarily closed. On the right of the road in the centre of the picture is one end of a large early twentieth-century stone-built church in the Arts and Crafts style which is apparently being restored, as there are portakabins and screens outside. It has an elaborate entrance on the street with a large recessed window above and another to the right. There is another, plainer, entrance on the minor street with a No Entry sign that runs alongside the side of the church. Alongside it are two small windows; above and behind this entrance and the windows are three large arches with, underneath each, a tall thin window. Beyond these, part of a transept can be seen. Above the church is a bell-tower with castellated columns at the corners and a pyramid roof. There are railings between the church and pavement. Beyond the church, some red-brick buildings can be seen, most notably a four-storey building with an elaborate corner tower. In the right foreground, across the side-street from the church, part of a four-storey 1920s neo-Georgian building can be seen behind a pair of telephone kiosks.
seint aini ka kaithedral (roman Catholic), leeds

leeds mein jyaadaatar log apni pehchaan isaai ke roop mein dete hain.[58] leeds mein church of England kaithedral maujood naheen hai kyonki leeds ripn evam leeds ke englikn daayoseej ka hissa hai aur is daayoseej ka kaithedral ripn mein sthit hai; bishp ka nivaas 2008 se leeds mein raha hai. sabse mahatvapoorn englikn church leeds pairish church hai. leeds mein ek roman Catholic kaithedral maujood hai jo leeds ke roman Catholic daayoseej ka episkopal seat hai. kai anya isaai sanpradaaya aur nae dhaarmik gatividhiyaan leeds mein sthaapit hain jinmein esembali of gaud, baipatist, krishchiyn saaintist, church of jeesas kraaist of laitar de seints ("eladeees church", mormon ko bhi dekhein), kamyuniti of kraaist, greek orthodauks, yehovaaj witness, jeesas army, lutheran, methodist, naajareen, nyoofrantaayars network, peintekostal, saalveshan army, sevanth de edaveintist, society of freinds ("kvaarks"), yooniteriyn, United rifaurmad, vineyaard, vesleyan church, ek saarvabhaum cheeni church aur kai svatantr church shaamil hain.[139][140]

A large symmetrical two-storey building of yellow brick. The centre bay, incorporating the entrance, juts out. It has a large window with a semicircular top on the first floor and above is a golden onion dome on a blue base. At the ends of the frontage are hexagonal pilasters with small octagonal windowed pavilions and onion domes on top. Above the entrance is a white sign saying "The Sikh Temple" in blue. Each side has one two-storey and one one-storey window, and also yellow banners alongside the Temple's name. On each side of the entrance is a wooden seat, and strings of bunting are stretched across the scene.
sikh mandir, chaipalataaun road
A striking modern building of two shades or red-brick with, on its left, two tall circular towers with minarets and a low entrance-building. The near end has two long thin windows with green panels and pointed tops to the right of the nearer tower. To the right of the windows is another, lower, tower with a small green dome. In the centre of the building, part of a larger dome can be seen. In the background are some trees and a red-brick Victorian terrace.
leeds jaamiya masjid

musalmaanon ka anupaat leeds mein desh ke ausat star par hai.[58] masjid shahar bhar mein paae ja sakte hain jo chaipalataaun, heyarahils, haaid park aur beestan ke kuchh bhaagon mein muslim samudaayon ko sevaaen pradaan karte hain. haaid park mein sthit leeds grand masjid sabse badi masjid hai. sikh samudaaya ka pratinidhitv shahar bhar mein faile gurudvaaron (mandiron) se hota hai jinmein sabse bada chaipalataaun hai. baisaakhi - sikhon ke nav varsh aur is dharm ke janm ki tithi ka utsav manaane ke liye 13-14 April ke aaspaas city center ke mileniym city square mein ek rangeen dhaarmik vaarshik juloos nikaala jaata hai jise nagar keertan kehte hain. anumaan hai ki leeds mein kareeb 3,000 sikh is vaarshik aayojan mein bhaag lete hain.

leeds mein London aur Manchester ke baad United Kingdom ka teesara sabse bada yahoodi samudaaya rahata hai. alavudali aur moorataaun mein ek badi sankhya mein yahoodi aabaadi maujood hai.[59] leeds mein aath sakriya sinegaug (yahoodi upaasanaagruh) hain.[141] leeds mein ek chhote se hindu samudaaya ka ek mandir haaid park mein sthit hai.[142] is mandir mein sabhi pramukh hindu devi-devata maujood hai aur yeh jainiyon ke Bhagwan mahaaveer ko samarpit hai.[143] leeds mein vibhinn bauddh paranparaaon ka pratinidhitv kiya jaata hai[144] jinmein shaamil hain: soka gakai, theraavada, tibbati trirtn bauddh samudaaya aur jen. bauddh samudaaya (sangh) May ke maheene mein vesaak ka pramukh utsav manaane ke liye ek saath milte hain. bahaai dharm ka bhi ek samudaaya leeds mein maujood hai.[145]

saarvajanik sevaaen

leeds mein jal aapoorti aur mal-jal nikaasi ki suvidha yaurkashaayar vaatar dvaara pradaan ki jaati hai jo kelda samooh ka hissa hai. 1973 ke pehle yeh suvidha leeds kauraporeshan dvaara pradaan ki jaati thi. leeds city kaaunsil ka ek lakshya 2010 tak tatavarti hava se 11 megawatt ki Akshay oorja praapt karne ki hai aur 2020 tak 75 megawatt ka ek aakaankshi lakshya rakha gaya hai. vartamaan mein leeds mein koi bhi vind faarm kaaryasheel naheen hai.[146]

olt= mukhya sadak par 1930 ke dashak mein bani ek plane corner bildingayaataayaat roshani, reling, bolaards aur sparsh yogya farsh waali paidal yaatri krausingon ko bhi dekha ja sakta hai. imaarat ke saamane ka hissa mukhya roop se int se nirmit hai, lekin sabse nichla hissa portalaind patthar se bana hai aur sabse nichli manjil ki gyaarah khidkiyon ki seelon tak faila hua hai (mukhya sadak par aath aur teen bagal ki sadak ke daaeain or).kinaare ki taraf sthit lakdi ka pravesh dvaara bhi pattharon se ghira hai. uske oopar ek baahar ki taraf nikli hui patthari sanrachana se yukt ek lambi khirki hai aur uske oopar bade aksharon wala ek bada sa sanket laga hua hai, jispar mool roop se sheepskaar (SHEEPSCAR) likha hua tha lekin ab ek "E" gaayab hai. oopari manjil par ground flor ki sabhi khidkiyon ke oopar ek chhoti khidki bani hui hai, mukhya sadak par sabse kinaare ki khidki ko chhodkar jahaan koi upari manjil naheen hai. is bhavan mein ek slet half-hipd chhat hai.

kshetr mein police seva vest yaurkashaayar police dvaara pradaan ki jaati hai. is police bal ke aath prabhaag hain jinmein se teen leeds ko kavar karte hain: ee "North vest leeds diveejan" Westwood mein sthit ek station se uttar aur pashchim leeds ko kavar karta hai; beee "North East leeds diveejan" chaipal elartan aur kilingabek ke nikat stenabek mein sthit ek station se uttar aur poorv leeds ko kavar karta hai; CA "city end holabek diveejan" miligaarth (city center) aur holabek mein sthit stationon se madhya aur dakshin leeds ko kavar karta hai. aag aur bachaav sevaaen vest yaurkashaayar fire end reskyoo service dvaara pradaan ki jaati hai. leeds mein sthit agnishaman kendra hain: kukarij, giptan, hanslet, vhinmoor "leeds" (city center ke paas, karkastaul road par) aur moorataaun.

svaasthya sevaaen leeds teeching Hospitals NHS trast, leeds primary keyar trast[147] aur maanasik svaasthya sevaaen pradaan karne vaale leeds paartanaraships NHS foundation trast[148] dvaara pradaan ki jaati hain. leeds general inafarmari ("elajeeaai") ek soocheebaddh imaarat hai jismein haal hi mein nayi suvidhaaen jodi gayi hain aur jo city center mein sthit hai. seint James university hauspitl, leeds mein jise sthaaneeya roop se "Jimmy's"[149][150] ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, yeh city center ke uttar poorv mein sthit hai aur Europe ke sabse bade shikshan aspataalon mein se ek hai. anya NHS aspataal hain chaipal elartan hauspeetal, seekrauft hauspeetal otale mein sthit hvaarfdel hauspeetal aur leeds deintal instityoot. nai NHS leeds website leeds mein upalabdh NHS sevaaon ki jaankaari pradaan karti hai.[151]

vest yaurkashaayar joint sarvises leeds aur vest yaurkashaayar ke chaar anya jilon mein vishleshanaatmak, puraataatvik, abhilekhaagaar sambandhi, paaristhitikeeya, saamagri pareekshan aur vyaapaar maanakon ki sevaaen pradaan karti hai. iska gathan 1986 mein city kaaunsil ke unmoolan ke baad aur vistaar 1997 mein kiya gaya tha, iska vitt poshan paanch jila parishdon dvaara unki aabaadi ke yathaanupaat aadhaar par kiya jaata hai. abhilekhaagaar sambandhi sevaaon ke liye leeds ka sthal leeds ke sheepsakaar mein sthit poorv saarvajanik pustakaalaya mein hai.[152]

leeds city kaaunsil poore shahar mein maujood 50 se adhik saarvajanik pustakaalayon ke saath-saath 5 mobile pustakaalayon liye uttaradaayi hai. mukhya central laaibreri city center mein heedro par sthit hai.

judvaan shahar

shahar mein kai judvaan ya saajhedaari vyavasthaaen maujood hain:

"jaari pariyojanaaon ke liye" nimnalikhit shaharon ke saath is shahar ke "kaafi majaboot sambandh" hain:[155]

sandarbh aur tippaniyaan

  1. ↑ Max at SE140445 Hawksworth Moor in extreme west of city
  2. ↑ Min at points where city boundary crosses Rivers Aire and Wharfe in extreme east.
  3. ↑ National Statistics: Neighbourhood Statistics. "Leeds (Local Authority): Key Figures for People and Society: Population and Migration". http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276810&c=leeds&d=13&e=13&g=382985&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206488787312&enc=1. abhigman tithi: 2008-03-25.
  4. ↑ "About Leeds". Leeds City Council. Archived from the original on 2011-09-26. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110926145704/http://www.leeds.gov.uk/About_Leeds.aspx. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
  5. ↑ National Statistics. "KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas". Archived from the original on 2008-04-03. http://web.archive.org/20080403194836/www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=240. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  6. ↑ raashtreeya saankhyiki kaaryaalaya ke anusaar leeds ke liye madhya-2008 anu. ki aabaadi ka anumaan 723,100 tha. yeh dhyaan dena chaahiye ki is aankade mein shahar ka sampoorn hissa shaamil hai. aabaadi ke kuchh aankade, udaaharan ke aabaadi ke anusaar english shaharon ki soochi mein diye gaye aankade keval shahar ke mukhya kshetr ki aabaadi ki ganana karte hain, isliye kam hote hain.
  7. ↑ "Leeds Tourism". Planet Ware Travel Guide. http://www.planetware.com/england/leeds-eng-wy-lee.htm. abhigman tithi: 2009-02-01.
  8. ↑ "Leeds stakes it claim to financial hub". www.yorkshirepost.co.uk. http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/businessnews/Leeds-stakes-its-claim-to.1864465.jp. abhigman tithi: 2009-02-01.
  9. ↑ "About Leeds". www.bookinghime.com. http://www.bookinghome.com/en/United_Kingdom/England/Leeds-Hotels.html. abhigman tithi: 2009-02-01.
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  15. ↑ "Leeds Legal Services". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/77eaffe6-ef2a-11dc-8a17-0000779fd2ac.html. abhigman tithi: 2009-01-25.
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  18. ↑ Fletcher, J. S. (1919). The Story of English Towns: Leeds. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. OCLC 221589888. http://www.archive.org/details/storyoftheenglis027638mbp. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
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  120. ↑ "Leeds Get-together – Leeds West Indian Carnival". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/features/get_together/carnival/2003_review.shtml. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
  121. ↑ "Leeds West Indian Carnival". Leedscarnival.co.uk. 2005-08-07. http://www.leedscarnival.co.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
  122. ↑ McTaggart, Susan (6 August 2009). "Roundhay Park hosts Leeds Asian Festival". Yorkshire Evening Post. http://www.roundhaytoday.co.uk/roundhaypark/Roundhay-Park-hosts-Leeds-Asian.5531416.jp. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  123. ↑ "Otley Folk Festival website". http://www.otleyfolkfestival.com/. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  124. ↑ "Otley Walking Festival". Chevin Trek. http://www.chevintrek.co.uk/index.asp?function=WEBPAGE&page=3. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  125. ↑ "Otley Carnival". Otley Town Council. http://www.otley.co.uk/Carnival/index.htm. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  126. ↑ Jack, Jim (16 Octrober 2009). "Otley Victorian Fayre gets injection of new blood". Wharfedale & Airedale Observer. http://www.wharfedaleobserver.co.uk/news/4683577.Otley_Victorian_Fayre_gets_injection_of_new_blood/. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  127. ↑ "Light Night Leeds website". http://www.lightnight.co.uk/leeds/index.php. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  128. ↑ "Heritage Open Days". Leeds Civic Trust. http://www.leedscivictrust.org.uk/view.aspx?id=34. abhigman tithi: 2009-11-02.
  129. ↑ leeds international kaunsart season website
  130. ↑ "Lights, camera, action". BBC. September 2003. http://www.bbc.co.uk/leeds/films/2003/09/film_fest.shtml. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
  131. ↑ "Leeds Film". http://www.leedsfilm.com/.
  132. ↑ "Leeds City Guide: Clubbing & Nightlife in Leeds". http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/clubs.
  133. ↑ "UK Techno – Notorious North". www.realtimeart.net. http://www.realtimeart.net/NN/notorious.html. abhigman tithi: 2009-09-17. [mrut kadiyaaain]
  134. ↑ "Leeds City Guide: Leeds Gay Scene". http://www.leeds-city-guide.com/gay.
  135. ↑ "St Helens 10–18 Leeds Rhinos". BBC News. 2009-10-10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_league/8290503.stm. abhigman tithi: 2010-04-04.
  136. ↑ "Leeds City Council – John Charles Centre for Sport – Swim". Archived from the original on 2011-09-26. http://archive.is/yVEh2. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-30.
  137. ↑ "Wetherby Racing – Horseracing, Hospitality, Conference Venue, Yorkshire". www.wetherbyracing.co.uk. http://www.wetherbyracing.co.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2009-10-30.
  138. ↑ Universities chaplaincy in Leeds. "Student Guide to Churches in Leeds". http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chaplaincy/events/worship/churches1.php. abhigman tithi: 2007-12-06.
  139. ↑ Yahoo. "Churches in Leeds". http://uk.local.yahoo.com/West_Yorkshire/Leeds/Churches/uk100006150-s-26042.html. abhigman tithi: 2007-12-07.
  140. ↑ "JCR-UK – Leeds Jewish Community and Synagogues". Jewishgen.org. http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Leeds.htm. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  141. ↑ "Leeds Hindu Mandir – Welcome". Leedsmandir.org.uk. http://www.leedsmandir.org.uk. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-22.
  142. ↑ "Home". Yjf.org.uk. http://www.yjf.org.uk. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  143. ↑ "Buddhist organisations in: Leeds/Bradford areas P2". Communigate.co.uk. http://www.communigate.co.uk/brad/leedsbuddhistgroup/page2.phtml. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  144. ↑ "Leeds". Bahai Community of the UK. http://www.bahai.org.uk/leeds/index.htm. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-14.
  145. ↑ "Banks Developments : Hook Moor Wind Farm". Banks Developments. http://www.banksdevelopments.com/energy/sites/renewable/midlands_and_yorkshire/hook_moor_wind_farm/. abhigman tithi: 2009-10-31. [mrut kadiyaaain]
  146. ↑ "The Leeds PCT – Welcome to the Leeds PCT". Leedspct.nhs.uk. http://www.leedspct.nhs.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  147. ↑ "Leeds Mental Health – Teaching NHS Trust". Leedsmentalhealth.nhs.uk. http://www.leedsmentalhealth.nhs.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  148. ↑ In the background section of page, additional text.
  149. ↑ Gray, Nick (31 January 2010). ""Jimmy's": the rise of the docusoap and the fall of YTV" (pdf). "No Such" Research. http://www.nosuch-research.co.uk/pdfs/PaperJimmys.pdf. abhigman tithi: 2010-06-17. "What is "Jimmy's"? It's the local nickname of a hospital in Leeds, actually called St. James's University Hospital ..." (prayojak/nideshak/TV series ke nirmaata dvaara pepar)
  150. ↑ "Welcome to NHS Leeds". Leeds.nhs.uk. http://www.leeds.nhs.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2010-01-21.
  151. ↑ "West Yorkshire Joint Services". http://www.wyjs.org.uk/. abhigman tithi: 2009-03-28.
  152. ↑ "Leeds – Brno partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=74bb3508-0d14-45f3-b7d7-ec8a267c27be. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  153. ↑ "Brno – Partnerská měasta" (Czech mein). © 2006–2009 City of Brno. http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav02=1985&nav01=34&nav03=1010&nav04=1016&nav05=1249&nav06=1272. abhigman tithi: 2009-07-17.
  154. ↑ a aa "International relations". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/About_Leeds/international_relations.aspx. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  155. ↑ "Leeds – Dortmund partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Advice_and_benefits/Tourism_and_travel/Town_twinning/Leeds__Dortmund_partnership.aspx. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  156. ↑ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District". © 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. abhigman tithi: 2009-10-28.
  157. ↑ "Leeds – Durban partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=6555f52e-1de9-499b-8eda-7b86bf24ac8c. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  158. ↑ "Leeds – Hangzhou partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=32283a2b-11e6-4257-b018-ca6f95567d1a. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  159. ↑ "Leeds – Lille partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=ac0a4504-f720-4eff-9376-5bff2a4576a0. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  160. ↑ "Leeds – Louisville partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/page.aspx?pageidentifier=f665edae-e44d-495b-b4e3-0385a941082f. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
  161. ↑ "Leeds – Siegen partnership". Leeds.gov.uk. http://www.leeds.gov.uk/Advice_and_benefits/Tourism_and_travel/Town_twinning/Leeds__Siegen_partnership.aspx. abhigman tithi: 2008-10-14.
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