laatin bhaasha
laateena (Latina laateena) praacheen roman saamraajya aur praacheen roman dharm ki raajabhaasha thi. aaj ye ek mrut bhaasha hai, lekin fir bhi roman Catholic church ki dharmabhaasha aur vaitikn city shahar ki raajabhaasha hai. ye ek shaastreeya bhaasha hai, sanskrut ki hi tarah, jisse ye bahut zyaada mel khaati hai. laateena hind-Europeeya bhaasha-parivaar ki romance shaakha mein aati hai. isi se fraansisi, itaalavi, spainish, romaaniyaai aur purtagaali bhaashaaon ka udgam hua hai (par angreji ka naheen). Europe mein isaai dharm ke prabhutv ki vajah se laateena madhyayugeen aur poorv-aadhunik kaalon mein lagbhag saare Europe ki antarraashtreeya bhaasha thi, jismein samast dharm, vigyaan, uchch saahitya, darshan aur ganit ki kitaabein likhi jaati theen.
anukram
naamakaran
laitin shabd ki utpatti laitiym jile (distrikt) ke naam se hui. yeh vah jila tha jahaaain romoolas ne 1000 E.poo. mein rom nagar ki neenv rakhi thi. [1]
lipi
laateena ki lipi roman lipi hai. asal mein roman lipi laateena ke liye hi bani hai, yaani ki laateena ki apni lipi hai. isaliye iska harek akshar lagbhag hamesha ek hi uchchaaran deta hai (angreji ki tarah gadbad-ghotaala naheen hota). ati-praacheen roman lipi ye thi
| akshar | uchchaaran (a॰adha॰ava॰) |
| a / A | aa |
| ae / AE | aae (a॰adha॰ava॰ [ae̯]) |
| au / AU | aau (a॰adha॰ava॰ [au̯]) |
| b / B | b |
| c / C | k |
| ch / CH | kh |
| d / D | d |
| e / E | A |
| eu / EU | eu (a॰adha॰ava॰ [eu̯]]) |
| f / F | f (a॰adha॰ava॰ [ɸ]) |
| g / G | g |
| h / H | h |
| i / I | E / y |
| j / J | y |
| k / K | k |
| l / L | l |
| m / M | m |
| n / N | n |
| n-g / n-k / n-q / N-G/K/Q | ङ- (a॰adha॰ava॰ [ŋ]) |
| n-p / n-b / N-P/B | m- |
| o / O | O |
| oe / OE | oe (a॰adha॰ava॰ [oe̯]) |
| p / P | p |
| ph / PH | f |
| q / Q | k |
| qu / QU | ku / kv (a॰adha॰ava॰ [kʷ]) |
| r / R | r |
| s / S | s |
| t / T | t |
| th / TH | th |
| u / U | oo / v (a॰adha॰ava॰ [u] [w]) |
| v / V | v (a॰adha॰ava॰ [w]) |
| x / X | ks |
| y / Y | y / i-u (≈ i) (a॰adha॰ava॰ [y / j]) |
| z / Z | j / dj (a॰adha॰ava॰ [z / d͡aaz]) |
svar ke oopar samatal rekha (Macron) ka arth hota tha ki svar deergh hai, par ise likhna zaroori naheen maana jaata tha. baad mein yoonaani bhaasha ke udhaar ke shabd laane ke liye yoonaani lipi se ye akshar liye gaye : K (k), Y (y / iu (≈ i)), Z (j / dj). vyanjan ua ke liye V prayukt kiya jaane laga aur svar u ke liye U. iske bhi kuchh baad J (y) aur W (v / u) jude. chhote aksharon ke roop (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z) madhyayug mein aaye. pashchim aur madhya Europe ki saari bhaashaaon ne likhaavat ke liye roman lipi apna li.
shabdaavali
laateena ki adhikaansh shabdaavali sanskrut se milti hai, kyonki dono bahin bhaashaaeain hain aur ek hi mool aadim-hind-Europeeya bhaasha se nikli hain. yahi sambandh iska yoonaani bhaasha se bhi hai, lekin praacheen yoonaani bhaasha se isne kai shabd seedhe udhaar liye the. baad mein angreji ne laateeni se bhaari maatra mein shabd udhaar liye.
sandarbh
- ↑ lusents general naulej, January 2008 sanskaran (angreji mein)