kshemeindr

kshemendr sanskrut ke pratibhaasanpann kaashmeeri mahaakavi the. ye vidvaan braahmanakul mein utpann hue the. ye sindhu ke prapautr, nimnaashaya ke pautr aur prakaasheindr ke putr the. inhonne prasiddh aalochak tatha tantrashaastr ke marmajnya vidvaan abhinvagupt se saahityashaastr ka adhyayan kiya tha. inke putr somendr ne pita ki rachana bodhisttvaavadaanakalpalata ko ek naya pallav (katha) jodkar poora kiya tha.

inhonne apne granthon ke rachanaakaal ka ullekh kiya hai jisse inke aavirbhaav ke samay ka parichay hamein milta hai. kaashmeer naresh anant (1028-1063) tatha unke putr aur uttaraadhikaari raaja kalash (1063-1089) ke raajyakaal mein kshemeindr ka jeevan vyateet hua. kshemendrake granth samayamaatruka ka rachanaakaal 1050 E. tatha inke antim granth dashaavataaracharit ka nirmaan kaal inke hi lekhaanusaar 1066 E. hai. falat: ekaadash shati ka madhyakal (lagbhag 1025-1066) kshemeindr ke aavirbhaav ka, nishchit roop se, samay maana ja sakta hai.

kshemendr ke poorvapuroosh raajya ke amaatya pad par pratishthit the. falat: inhonne apne desh ki raajaneeti ko bade nikat se dekha tatha parakha. apne yug ke ashaant vaataavaran se ye itne asantusht aur marmaahat the ki use sudhaarane mein, use pavitra banaane mein tatha svaarth ke sthaan par paraarth ki bhaavana drudh karne mein inhonne apna jeevan laga diya tatha apni drutagaamini lekhani ko isi ki poorti ke nimitt kaavya ke naana angon ki rachana mein lagaaya. inke aadarsh the maharshi vedavyaas aur unke hi samaan kshemeindr ne saras, subodh tatha udaatt rachanaaon se sanskrutabhaarati ke praasaad ko alankrut kiya. prathamat: unhonne praacheen mahatvapoorn mahaakaavyon ke kathaanakon ka sankshipt vivran prastut kiya. raamaayanamanjari, bhaaratamanjari tatha bruhatkathaamanjari - ye teenon hi kramash: raamaayan, mahaabhaarat tatha bruhatkatha ke atyant rochak tatha saras sankshep hain. bodhisttvaavadaanakalpalata mein buddh ke poorv janmon se sambaddh paaramitaasoochi aakhyaanon ka padyabaddh varnan hai. dashaavataaracharit inka udaatt mahaakaavya hai jismein Bhagwan vishnu se dason avataaron ka bada hi ramaneeya tatha praanjal, saras evam munjul kaavyaatmak varnan kiya gaya hai. auchitya-vichaar-charcha mein kshemendr ne auchitya ko kaavya ka moolabhoot tatv maana hai tatha usaki prakrusht vyaapakata kaavya pratyek ang mein dikhlaai hai.

vaatsyaayanasootrasaar naamak ek kaamashaastr ki bhi inhone rachana ki.

sankshipt vivran

• raamaayanamanjari — (Sanskrit)
• bhaaratamanjari — (Sanskrit)
• bruhatkathaamanjari — (Sanskrit)

kaavya

• auchitya vichaar charcha
• kaviknthaabharan
• suvruttatilk

vyangya

• kalaavilaas
• samayamaatrika — (Sanskrit)
• narmamaala
• deshopadesh

neeti kaavya

• neetiklpataru
• darpadalan
• chaturvagasangrah
• chaarucharya
• sevyasevakopadesh
• lokaprakaash
• stoopavaadan

bhakti

• avadaanakalpalata (English)
• dashaavataaracharit (Sanskrit)

kshemendr sanskrut mein parihaasakatha (sataayar) ke dhani hain. ham ni:sandeh kah sakte hain ki sanskrut mein inki jod ka doosra siddhahast sataayar lekhak naheen hai. inki siddh lekhani paathakon par chot karna jaanti hai parantu usaki chot meethi hoti hai parihaas katha vishyak inki do anupam krutiyaaain hain - narmamaala tatha deshopadesh ; jinmein us yug ka vaataavaran apne poorn vaibhav ke saath hamaare sammukh prastut hota hai. ye vidgdhi ke kavi hone ke atirikt janasaadhaaran ke bhi kavi hain jinki rachana ka uddeshya vishuddh manoranjan ke saath hi saath janta ka charitranirmaan bhi hai. kalaavilaas, chaturvargasangrah, chaarucharya, samayamaatruka aadi laghu kaavya is disha mein inke safal udyog ke samarth pramaan hain. inki bhaasha saras aur subodh hai, na paanditya ka vyarth pradarshan hai aur na shabd ka anaavashyak chamatkaar hai. bhaavon ki udaatt vyanjana mein tatha bhaasha ke subodh saras vinyaas mein kshemeindr sachmuch hi apne upanaam ke sadrush vyaasadaas hain.

• auchityavaad
• samayamaatruka
• kaamashaastr
• chaarucharya

• Ksemendra : The Peoples' Poet by Prof. K. N. Dhar
• KSEMENDRA - A PEOPLE'S POET - Pradeep Kaul (Khodballi)
• kshemendrakrut auchityaalankaar (aanalaain padhiye ya daaunalod kariye)
• Three satires By Nīalakaṇaṭaha, Kṣaemendra, and Bhallaṭaa
• kshemendrakrut samayamaatruka
• kshemendrakrut darpadalanam