kshatriya

is lekh mein vikipeediya ke gunavatta maapadandon par khare utarane ke liye safaai ki aavashyakta hai. ismein mukhya samasya hai ki: asandarbhit va kaalpanik. krupaya is lekh ko sudhaarane mein yadi aap sahakaarya kar sakte hai to avashya karein. iske samvaad prushth par kuchh salaah mil sakti hai. (December 2015)

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kshatreeya (paali roop : khattiya), kshatr, raajanya - ye chaaron shabd saamaanyat: hindu samaaj ke dviteeya varn aur jaati ke arth mein vyavahrut hote hain kintu vishishth etihaasik athva saamaajik prasang me paaripaashvon se sambandh hone ke kaaran inke apne vishesh arth aur dhvaniyaaain hain. 'kshetr' (rigved,1,157,2) ka arth moolat: 'veerya' athva 'paritraan shakti' tha. kintu baad mein yeh shabd us varg ko abhihit karne laga jo shaastraastron ke dvaara anya varnon ka parirkshan karta tha ('kshataatkil traayat ityudagr, raghuvansh). 'raajanya' ka yaugik arth hai- 'raajakul se sambaddh varg'. poorvamadhyakaal se 'raajaputr' shabd ka apabhransh 'raajapoout' shabd dviteeya varn ke antargat chauhaan, paramaar aadi vanshon ke arth mein vyavahrut hone laga. kshatreeya shabd inmein sabse adhik vyaapak hai. vedon tatha braahmanon mein kshatreeya shabd raajavarg ke arth mein prayukt hua hai. jaatakon (reej devids, budhist India, pru. 52, daayalaags ov the buddh, 1.pru. 95 (aur raamaayan, mahaabhaarat mein (haapkins, jaranal ov amereekan auriyantal society, 13, pru. 73) kshatreeya shabd se saamant varg aur anek yuddharat jan abhihit hue hain. smrutiyon mein kuchh yuddhaparak janajaatiyaaain jaise ki kiraat, Dravid, aabheer, sabar, maalav, sivi, trigrt, yauddheya, khaasa tatha tangan aadi, vratya kshatreeya varg ke antargat anusoochit ki gayi.^[1]

vaidik saahitya ke adhyayan se gyaat hota hai ki braahman aur kshatreeya varn samaaj mein sarvaadhik mahatvashaali the. vaidik parampara mein braahman ka sthaan kshatreeya se uchchatar hai kintu braahman, upanishd, (shatapath bra. 14,4,1,23, taittareeya, 3,1,14) aur paali saahitya mein kuchh aise ullekh hain jinse gyaat hota hai ki avasaravishesh par kshatriyon ne braahmanon se shreshthatar pad praapt karne ki cheshta ki. yeh bhi satya hai ki kshatriyon mein janak, pravaahan jaivali (bruhada. up. 6,11), ashvapati kaikeya (sh. bra.10,6,1), ajaatashatru (bruhad. up. 2,1,1) ke samaan brahmavidya ke jnyaaata aur upadeshta the. gaarve (daayasan krut filaasafi ov upanishd, pru. 17), griyrsan (ensaaiklopeediya ov rileejan aind ethiks mein bhakti par nibandh), ra. go. bhaandaarakar (vaishnavijm aind shaivijm, pru. 9) aadi vidvaanon ka mat hai ki braahmanon dvaara anusaasit vaidik karmakaand ki parampara ke virooddh kshatriyon ne jnyaaanaparak aupanishd dhaara ka pravartan kiya. braahman kshatreeya ke paraspar sangharsh ka ullekh praacheen parampara mein bhi hua hai :

dhigvalan kshatriybalan brahmatejo balan balam.

balaabale vinishchitya tap ev paran balam..

praacheen etihaasik saahitya mein pag pag par is sangharsh ke pramaan milte hain. bauddh saahitya aur jain aagamon mein baraabar yeh kaha gaya hai ki dharm praneta sadaiv kshatreeya parivaar mein hi janm lete hain. fir bhi vaidik parampara mein braahman varn se sadaiv nimn maane jaate the kintu vaishya shoodron ke oopar unki pramukhata samaaj mein sveekrut thi (kaathak san. 3,3,10,22,1 ; aitareya braahman. 11-3-3).

dharmashaastron mein dvijaativihit dharm- yagya karna aur daan dene ke atirikt shastr dvaara jeevikopaarjan tatha pruthivi ki raksha karna kaha gaya hai. vishnu smruti ke anusaar kshatreeya ka kartavya prajaapaalan hai. vastut praacheen kaal se hi shaasan par kshatriyon ka hi adhikaar raha. dharmashaastron mein kaha gaya hai ki aapadkaal mein kshatriya chaahein to vaishyakarm apna sakte hain. guptakaal mein kshatriya vastut vaishyakarm karne lage the. aisa Indore (bulandashahar, uttar pradesh) se praapt ek taamralekh se gyaat hota hai. saahitya sootron se yeh bhi gyaat hota hai ki is kaal mein vansh ke aadhaar par vargabhed hone lage the aur ve log apne ko sooryavanshi, somavanshi, puruvanshi, krathakaishik, neepavanshi, aadi kehne lage the. guptakaal se poorv hi yavan, shak, kushaan, aadi videshi jaatiyaaain Bhaarat aakar bhaarateeya janasamaaj mein ghulamil gayi thi. ladaakoo hone ke kaaran kadaachit inka samaavesh kshatreeya samaaj mein ho gaya tha.

pauraanik kathaaon ke anusaar parashuraam ne kshatriyo ka 21 baar sanhaar kiya tha.

kramash poorvamadhyakaal aur uttaramadhyakaal mein kshatriyon ke sambandh mein do mahatvapoorn siddhaant pratipaadit hue. pratham yeh ki vasishth ne chauhaan, paramaar, pratihaar aur solanki raajavanshon ko Abu ke yajnyaakund se utpann kiya aur doosra yeh ki kali mein kshatriyon evam vaishya jaati ka lop ho gaya. agnikunnd raajapooton ki utpatti ki kahaani kramas parivrtit hui aur is parivartan ke saath hi saath uske pariyojan aur arth bhi parivrtin hua. navasaahasaankacharit (11, 64-71), tilkamanjari (1.39) aur vasantagadh mein praapt poornapaal ke vi. san. 1049 ke abhilekh mein iske praathamik ullekh hain. baad mein vibhinn shilaalekhon, chaaran krutiyon aur chandakrut 'pruthveeraajaraaso' mein iska vishesh pallavan hua hai. is katha ke aadhaar par taud (enals aind ainnteekviteej ov Rajasthan, 1920, pru. 1444-1445) aur smith (the arli history ov India, 1924, pru. 428) aadi vidvaanon ne yeh mat sthir kiya ki anaarya aur abhaarateeya jaatiyon ka sanskaran kar poorvamadhyayug mein unhein rajput-kshatriya varg mein sveekrut kiya gaya. tab ke vividh jaatiyon ke sammishran se is sthiti ka sambhav ho jaana anivaarya tha.

kaliyug mein kshatriyon ke lop ka siddhaant shuddhittv (pru. 268) shudr-kamalaakar aur vraatyataapraayashchittanirnaya aadi granthon mein upalabdh hota hai. kintu yeh mat 16-17veen shataabdi mein hi pratipaadit hua.

praachin vedo se hamein ye bhi jaanane ko milta hai ki . jyaadaatar Bhagwan pruthvi par kshatriya kul mein hi janm lete the. jaise ki suryavansh mein janm lene vaale Bhagwan shri Ram aur vrushneevansh mein janm lene vaale Bhagwan shri Krishna .