kilogram

ek kilogram (saath mein kredit card)

yeh chitr, antaraashtreeya moolaroop kilogram ka ek computer nirmit chitr hai. iske sameep rakha ek inch ka paimaana hai. is bhaar ko IPK bhi kehte hain. yeh plaitinm-irreediym mishran ka bana hai aur BIPM, sevars, fraans mein rakha hai.

kilogram (chinh: kg) bhaar ki SI ikaai hai. ek kilogram ki paribhaashaanusaar, {{ukti|yeh antarraashtreeya moolaroop kilogram, IPK, ^[1] (IPK; jo apne freinch naam li grand K se jaana jaata hai), ke bhaar ke baraabar hai, jo ki ek liter jal ke bhaar ke ekdam baraabar hai. yeh ikalauti SI ikaai hai, jiska upasarg kilo uske naam ka bhaag hai.

dainik prayog mein ham kilogram ko vastuon ke bhaar ke roop mein hi jaante hain, parantu vah bhaar na hokar dravyamaan ka maap hi hai. kisi vastu ka bhaar us parlagi gurutvaakarshan bal ka maap hota hai aurvah nyootan mein maapa jaata hai.^[2].

SI ikaai pranaali mein kai ikaaiyaaain kilogram ke saapeksh hi paribhaashit hain, ataev iski sthirta mahatvapoorn hai. jab IPK ko samay ke saath badalta paaya gaya, tab CIPM ne 2005 mein yeh tay kiya, ki kilogram ko prakॄti ke mool sthiraankon mein paribhsh:it kiya jaye.^[3]

kyonki SI upasarg kisi maapan ikaai ke naam ya chinh ke saath seedhe naheen jode ja sakte hain, isaliye yeh upasag gram ke saath hi jode jaate hain, naaki kilogram ke saath, jiske saath pehle hi kilo upasarg laga hai.^[4] udaa0 ek kilogram ka das laakhavaaain bhaag hai 1 mg (ek miligraam), naaki 1 µaakg (ek maaikrokilograam).

(myoo) maaikrograam ke prateek mein taaipo rekhaankan upalabdh naheen hai, yeh laitin loarakes "you" se theek se naheen badla kabhi kabhi haalaanki hai.

• maaikrograam aksar sankshipt hai “amcg”, vishesh roop se dava aur poorak poshan lebaling mein, "μ" upasarg achhi tarah se takaneeki vishyon ke baahar maanyata praapt naheen hai ke baad se bhram ki sthiti se bachane ke liye. ^[6] sankshipt naam "mileegraam", bhi 10 gram ke baraabar hai jo "millicentigram" ke roop mein jaana jaata maap ki ek aprachalit tatarakshak pot ikaai ke liye prateek hai ki, lekin dhyaan dein.
• ikaai ka naam "megagram" shaayad hi kabhi aam taur par keval maap ki ikaaiyon ke saath vishesh roop se kathor sthirta vaanchhit hai jahaan sandarbhon mein takaneeki kshetron mein, fir bhi prayog kiya jaata hai. sabse prayojanon ke liye, ikaai "tan" ke bajaay prayog kiya jaata hai. tan aur uske prateek, ti, 1879 mein CIPM dvaara apnaaya gaya. yeh SI ke saath prayog ke liye BIPM dvaara sveekaar kiye jaate hain ek gair SI ikaai hai. angreji bolne vaale deshon mein yeh aamtaur par "meetrik tan" kaha jaata hai.^[7] ikaai ka naam "megatonne" ya "megaatan" (mount) aksar aksar "teragram" (teeji) hai is vishay par vaigyaanik kaagaj mein baraabar moolya jabki green house gas ke utsarjan par saamaanya byaaj saahitya mein prayog kiya jaata hai ki yeh bhi dhyaan dein.

1. ↑ BIMP: Resolution of the 1st CGPM (1889)
2. ↑ NIST: Converting Measurements to Metric--NIST FAQs; the U.K.'s National Weights & Measures Laboratory: Metric Conversions; and NIST: Fed-Std-376B, Preferred Metric Units for General Use By the Federal Government, Section 5.2.1 Mass (weight) (294 KB PDF, here).
3. ↑ Proceedings of the 94th meeting (October 2005) of the International Committee for Weights and Measures, (1.1 MB zip file, here)
4. ↑ BIPM: SI Brochure: Section 3.2, The kilogram
5. ↑ Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the U.S. spelling (‑gram) and the U.K./International spelling (‑gramme).
6. ↑ The practice of using the abbreviation “amcg” rather than the SI symbol “aµag” was formally mandated for medical practitioners in 2004 by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in their “aDo Not Use” List: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols because hand-written expressions of “aµag” can be confused with “amg”, resulting in a thousand-fold overdosing. The mandate was also adopted by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
7. ↑ BIPM: SI Brochure: Section 4.1, Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants: Table 6

External images
	BIPM: The IPK in three nested bell jars
	NIST: K20, the US National Prototype Kilogram, resting on an egg crate fluorescent light panel
	BIPM: Steam cleaning a 1 kg prototype before a mass comparison
	BIPM: The IPK and its six sister copies in their vault
	The Age: Silicon sphere for the Avogadro Project
	NPL: The NPL's Watt Balance project
	NIST: The Rueprecht Balance, Austrian-made, precision balance used by the NIST from 1945 until 1960
	BIPM: The FB‑2 flexure-strip balance, the BIPM's modern precision balance featuring a standard deviation of one ten-billionth of a kilogram (0.1 µag)
	BIPM: Mettler HK1000 balance, featuring 1 µag resolution and a 4 kg maximum mass. Also used by NIST and Sandia National Laboratories' Primary Standards Laboratory
	Micro-g LaCoste: FG‑5 absolute gravimeter, (diagram), used in national labs to measure gravity to 2 µaGal accuracy

• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): NIST Improves Accuracy of 'Watt Balance' Method for Defining the Kilogram
• The U.K.'s National Physical Laboratory (NPL): An overview of the problems with an artifact-based kilogram
• NPL: Avogadro Project
• NPL: NPL watt balance
• Metrology in France: Watt balance
• Australian National Measurement Institute: Redefining the kilogram through the Avogadro constant
• International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM): Home page
• NZZ Folio: What a kilogram really weighs
• NPL: What are the differences between mass, weight, force and load?
• BBC: Getting the measure of a kilogram