khilaaft
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is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (June 2015) |
muhammad saahab ki mrutyu ke baad islaam ke pramukh ko khaleefa kehte the. is vichaaradhaara ko khilaaft kaha jaata hai. pratham chaar khaleefaaon ko raashidun kehte hain. ummayad, abbaasi aur faatimi khaleefa kramash: damishk, bagdaad aur kaahira se shaasan karte the. iske baad usmaani (otoman turk) khilaaft aaya.
muhammad saahab ke netrutv mein arab bahut shaktishaali ho gaye the. unhonne ek bade saamraajya par adhikaar kar liya tha jo isse pehle arabi itihaas mein shaayad hi kisi ne kiya ho. khaleefa banane ka arth tha - itne bade saamraajya ka maalik. at: is pad ko lekar vivaad hona svaabhaavik tha.
anukram
raashidun (632-661)
pratham chaar khaleefaaon ko raashidun (sahi raah par char) khaleefa bhi kehte hain. pahal॓ khaleefa abu bakar th॓ jo muhammd saahab ke sabse aarambh ke anuyaayiyon mein se ek th॓. iske baad umar (umar ibn al-khatab) khaleefa bane jiske baad usmaan. usmaan ke baad Ali khaleefa bane par unki hatya bhi pichhle do khaleefaaon ki tarah kar di gayi. Ali ne apni rajdhani madeena se hataakar kufa mein sthaapit ki thi.
ummayad (661-750)
ummayad pehla khaleefa vansh tha. iske khaleefa vanshaanugat roop se bane. is samay islaami saamraajya poorv ki disha mein sindh aur baloochistaan tak fail gaya. ye saansaarik aur vilaasi the aur muhammad saahab (aur kor'aan) dvaara bataae gaye raaston se alag rahe.
iske baad abbaasiyon ka shaasan aaya.
abbaasi
abbaasiyon ne bagdaad se shaasan kiya. naunvi sadi ke ant tak unki shakti sthaaneeya shaasakon ya ameeron ka haath chali gayi thi. gyaarahaveen sadi mein unheen ke dvaara nirmit gulaam pratha (maamaluk) ne saamraajya ko sainik roop se kai bhaagon mein baaaint liya tha. 1258 mein mangolon ke aakraman ke kaaran Baghdad ka patan ho gaya par unki ek shaakha ne kaahira se apna prabhutv 1517 tak banaaya.
usmaani
pandraveen sadi se lekar 1924 tak islaami jagat par usmaanon (otoman turk) ka dabadaba bana raha. makka par usmaanon ka adhikaar ho gaya. 1924 mein Turkey ke shaasak kamaal paasha ne khilaaft ka ant kar diya aur Turkey ko ek ganaraajya ghoshit kar diya.
21 vi sadi mein aaiesaaaies (2014 -vartamaan)
aaiesaaaies (islaamik state of Iraq end Syria) ne 29 June 2014 ko apne pramukh abu bakr al-bagadaadi ko ek naya 'khaleefa' ghoshit kiya hain.[1][2]
sandarbh
- ↑ "Iraq mein 'islaamik shaasan', al-bagadaadi bana duniya ke muslimon ka 'khaleefa'". samay live. 30 June 2014. http://www.samaylive.com/international-news-in-hindi/271830/Captured%20territory%20in%20Iraq,%20Syria%20is%20the%20new%20Islamic%20state%20ISIL.html. abhigman tithi: 26 July 2014.
- ↑ "aaiesaaaies ne banaaya islaamik state, bagadaadi khaleefa". live Hindustan. 30 June 2014. http://www.livehindustan.com/news/videsh/international/article1-ISIS-Releases-New-Videos-Claims-Own-Islamic-State-2-2-434924.html. abhigman tithi: 26 July 2014.
inhein bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- musalmaan kyon khilaaft chaahate hain? (BBC hindi)