kamal

kamal - yahi Bhaarat ka raashtreeya pushp bhi hai.

Bhaarat ke raashtreeya prateek
dhvaj	tiranga
raashtreeya chinh	ashok ki laat
raashtra-gaan	jan gan man
raashtra-geet	vande maataram
pashu	baagh
jaleeya jeev	ganga daalafin
pakshi	mor
pushp	kamal
vruksh	bargad
fal	aam
khel	maidaani hockey
panyachaang	shak samvat
sandarbh	"Bhaarat ke raashtreeya prateek" bhaarateeya dootaavaas, landan Retreived 03-09-2007

kamal (vaanaspatik naam:neelanbiyn nyoosifera (Nelumbian nucifera)) vanaspati jagat ka ek paudha hai jismein bade aur sundar fool khilte hain. yeh Bhaarat ka raashtreeya pushp hai. sanskrut mein iske naam hain - kamal, padm, pankaj, pankaruh, sarasij, saroj, saroruh, saraseeruh, jalaj, jalajaat, neeraj, vaarij, anbhoruh, anbuj, anbhoj, abj, Arvind, nalin, utpal, pundareek, taamaras, indeevar, kuvalaya, vanaj aadi aadi. faarasi mein kamal ko 'neelofr' kehte hain aur angreji mein Indian lotus ya saikred lotus, chaaineej vaatar-lili, ijipshiyn ya paaithaagoriyn been.

kamal ka paudha (kamalini, nalini, padmini) paani mein hi utpann hota hai aur Bhaarat ke sabhi ushn bhaagon mein tatha Iran se lekar Australia tak paaya jaata hai. kamal ka fool safed ya gulaabi rang ka hota hai aur patte lagbhag gol, dhaal jaise, hote hain. patton ki lambi dandiyon aur nason se ek tarah ka resha nikaala jaata hai jisse mandiron ke deepon ki battiyaaain banaai jaati hain. kehte hain, is reshe se taiyaar kiya hua kapda pahanane se anek rog door ho jaate hain. kamal ke tane lambe, seedhe aur khokhale hote hain tatha paani ke neeche keechad mein chaaron or failate hain. tanon ki gaaainthon par se jadein niklati hain.

kamal praay: sansaar ke sabhi bhaagon mein paaya jaata hai. yeh jheelon, taalaabon aur gadhon tak mein hota hai. yeh ped beej se jamata hai. rang aur aakaar bhed se iski bahut si jaatiyaaain hoti hain, par adhiktar laal, safed aur neele rang ke kamal dekhe gaye hain. kaheen kaheen peela kamal bhi milta hai. kamal ki pedi paani mein jad se paaainch chh: aaingul ke oopar naheen aati. iski pattiyaaain gol gol badi thaali ke aakaar ki hoti hain aur beech ke patale danthal mein jadi rahati hain. in pattiyon ko 'purain' kehte hain. inke neeche ka bhaag jo paani ki taraf rahata hai, bahut naram aur halake rang ka hota hai. kamal chait baisaakh mein foolane lagta hai aur saavan bhaadon tak foolata hai. fool lambe danthal ke sire par hota hai tatha danthal ya naal mein bahut se maheen maheen chhed hota hain. danthal ka naal todne se maheen soot niklata hai jise batakar mandiron mein jalaane ka battiyaaain banaai jaati hain. praacheen kaal mein iske kapde bhi bante the. vaidyak mein likha hai ki is soot ke kapde se jvar dur ho jaata hai. kamal ki kali praat:kaal khilti hai. sab foolon ki pankhadiyon ya dalon ka sankhya samaan naheen hoti. pankhadiyon ke beech mein kesar se ghira hua ek chhatta hota hai. kamal ki gandh bhaunre ko badi pyaari lagti hai. madhumakkhiyaaain kamal ke ras ko lekar madhu banaati hain jo aaainkh ke raag ke liye upakaari hota hai.

bhinn-bhinn jaati kamal ke foolon ki aakrutiyaaain bhinn-bhinnabhi hoti hain. umara (America) taapoo mein ek prakaar ka kamal hota hai jiske fool ka vyaas 15 inch aur patte ka vyaas saadhe chhah foot hota hai. pankhadiyon ke jhad jaane par chhatta badhne lagta hai aur thode dinon mein usamein beej pad jaate hain. beech gol gol lanbotare hote hain tatha pakane aur sookhane par kaale ho jaate hain aur 'kamalagatta' kahalaate hain. kachche kamalagatte ko log khaate hain aur usaki tarakaari banaate hain, sookhe dava ke kaam aate hain. kamal ki jad moti aur sooraakhadaar hoti hain aur bhaseed missa ya muraar kahalaati hai. ismein se bhi todne par soot niklata hai. sookhe dinon mein paani kam hone par jad adhik moti aur bahutaayat se hoti hai. log is tarakaari banaakar khaate hain. akaal ke dinon mein gareeb log ise sukhaakar aata peesate hain aur apna pet paalate hain. iske foolon ke ankur ya uske poorvaroop praarabhik dasha mein paani se baahar aane se pehle natam aur safed rang ke hote hain aur 'paunaar' kahalaate hain. paunaar khaane mein meetha hota hain. ek prakaar ka laal kamal hota hai jismein gandh naheen hoti aur jiske beej se tel niklata hai. rakt kamal Bhaarat ke praay: sabhi praanton mein milta hai. isse sanskrut mein kofanad, raktotpal, hallak ityaadi kehte hain. shvet kamal kaashi ke aaspaas aur anya sthaanon mein hota hai. ise shatapatr, mahaapadm, nal, seetaanbuj ityaadi kehte hai. neel kamal visheshakar Kashmir ke uttar aur kaheen kaheen cheen mein hota hai. peet kamal America, saaiberiya, uttar Germany ityaadi deshon mein milta hai.

vishv mein kamalon ki do pramukh prajaatiyaaain hain. inke alaava kai jaleeya kumudiniyon (liliyon) ko bhi kamal kaha jaata hai. kamal ka paudha dheeme bahne vaale ya ruke hue paani mein ugata hai. ye daladali paudha hai jiski jadein kam okseejan waali mitti mein hi ug sakti hain. ismein aur jaleeya kumudiniyon mein vishesh antar yeh ki iski pattiyon par paani ki ek booaind bhi naheen rukati aur iski badi pattiyaaain paani ki satah se oopar uthi rahati hain. Asiaee kamal ka rang hamesha gulaabi hota hai. neele, peele, safed aur laal "kamal" asal mein jal-padm hote hain jinhein kamalini kaha gaya hain. yeh ushn katibandhi kshetr paudha hai jiski pat‍aatiyaan aur fool tairate hain, inke tane lambe hote hain jinmein vaayu chhidr hote hain. bade aakarshak foolon mein santulit roop mein anek pankhudiyaaain hoti hain. jad ke kaarya rijom‍aas dvaara kiye jaate hain jo paani ke neeche keechad mein samaanaantar faili hoti hain.

kamal ke paudhe ke pratyek bhaag ke alag-alag naam hain aur usaka pratyek bhaag chikitsa mein upayogi hai-anek ayurvedik, elopaithik aur yoonaani aushadhiyaaain kamal ke bhinn-bhinn bhaagon se banaai jaati hain. cheen aur malaaya ke nivaasi bhi kamal ka aushadhi ke roop mein upayog karte hain.

kamal ke foolon ka vishesh upayog pooja aur shrungaar mein hota hai. iske patton ko pattal ke sthaan par kaam mein laaya jaata hai. beejon ka upayog anek aushadhiyon mein hota hai aur unhein bhoonakar makhaane banaae jaate hain. tanon (mrunaal, bis, miss, maseenda) se atyant svaadisht shaak banta hai.

kamal ke fool apni sundarata ke liye jaane jaate hain. kamal se bhare hue taal ko dekhna kaafi manohaari hota hai k‍aayonki ye taalaab ki oopari satah par khilte hain. Bhaarat mein pavitra kamal ka puraanon mein bhi ul‍aalekh hai aur iske baare mein kai kahaavatein aur dhaarmik maan‍aayataaen bhi hain. hindu, bauddh aur jain dharmon mein iski khaasi dhaarmik aur saanskrutik mahatta hai. iseeliye isko Bhaarat ka raashtreeya pushp hone ka gaurav praapt hai.

Bhaarat ki pauraanik gaathaaon mein kamal ka vishesh sthaan hai. puraanon mein brahma ko vishnu ki naabhi se nikle hue kamal se utpann bataaya gaya hai aur lakshmi ko padma, kamala aur kamalaasana kaha gaya hai. chaturbhuj vishnu ko shankh, chakr, gada aur padm dhaaran karanevaala maana jaata hai. bhaarateeya mandiron mein sthaan-sthaan par kamal ke chitr athva sanket paae jaate hain. bhagavaan‌ buddh ki jitni moortiyaaain mili hain, praaya: sabhi mein unhein kamal par aaseen dikhaaya gaya hai. misr desh ki pustakon aur mandiron ki chitrakaari mein bhi kamal ka pramukh sthaan hai. kuchh vidvaanon ki rai hai ki kamal misr se hi Bhaarat mein aaya.

bhaarateeya kavita mein kamal ka nirdesh aur varnan badi prachurata se paaya jaata hai. sundar mukh ki, haathon ki aur pairon ki upama laal kamal ke fool se aur aaainkh ki upama neel-kamal-dal se di jaati hai. kaviyon ka yeh bhi vishvaas hai ki kamal sooryodaya hone par khilta hai aur sooryaast hone par mund jaata hai. kamal ke tane (mrunaal, bis) ka varnan hanson aur haathiyon ke priya bhojan ke roop mein kiya gaya hai. kamal ke patton se bane hue pankhe tatha mrunaakhand virhini striyon ki santaapashaanti ke saadhan varnit kiye gaye hain. kaamashaastr mein striyon ka vibhaajan chaar vargon mein kiya gaya hai jinmein sarvashreshth varg 'padmini' naam se abhihit hai.

pauraanik sandarbh

praacheen bhaarateeya granthon mein kamal ko mahatvapoorn sthaam praapt hai. vishnu puraan mein indr dvaara lakshmi ki stuti karte hue kaha gaya hai- kamal ke aasan waali, kamal jaise haathon waali, kamal ke patton jaisi aaainkhon waali, he padm (kamal) mukhi, padmanaabh (Bhagwan vishnu) ki priya devi, main aapki vandana karta hooain.^[k] isse pata chalta hai ki bhaarateeya sanskruti mein kamal ke saundarya ko kitna aakarshak aur pavitra maana gaya hai. ek puraan ka naam hi padm puraan hai aisa kaha jaata hai ki padam ka arth hai-'kamal ka pushp'. choonki srushti rachayita brahmaaji ne Bhagwan Narayan ke naabhi kamal se utpann hokar srushti-rachana sambandhi gyaan ka vistaar kiya tha, isliye is puraan ko padam puraan ki sanjnyaa di gayi hai. maharshi vedavyaas dvaara rachit sabhi athaarah puraanon ki ganana mein 'padam puraan' ko dviteeya sthaan praapt hai. shlok sankhya ki drushti se bhi ise dviteeya sthaan rakha jaata hai.^[1]

sthaapatya mein mahatva

Delhi mein sthit bahaai upaasana mandir

dhaarmik chitron, va mandiron ki deevaaron, gunbadon aur stambhon mein kamal ke sundar alankaran milte hain. adhikaansh hindu devi-devataaon ko haath mein kamal ke saath chitrit kiya jaata hai, lakshmi aur brahma aise pramukh devata hain. khajuraaho ke devi jagadambi mandir mein haath mein kamal liye hue, 5 feet 8 inch oonchi khadi hui chaturbhuji devi ki moorti hai. yaheen sthit ek soorya mandir mein soorya ko ek purash ke roop mein sthaapit kiya gaya hai. moorti 5 feet oonchi hai aur uske donon haathon mein kamal ke pushp hain.^[2] Udaipur mein padmaavati maata jal kamal mandir naamak mandir ko kamal ke aakaar mein banaaya gaya hai. sangamaramar se nirmit devi padmaavati ke is mandir mein devi lakshmi, sarasvati evam ambika ki bhavya pratimaaeain viraajamaan hain.^[3] Rajasthan ke dhaulapur jile mein machakund teerth sthal ke najadeek hi kamal ke fool ka baag hain. chattaan kaatkar banaaye gaye kamal ke fool ke aakaar mein bane is baag ka aitihaasik drushti se bahut mahatva hain. pratham mugal baadshah baabar ki aatmakatha tujake-baabari (baabar naama) mein jis kamal ke fool ka varnan hain vah dhaulapur ka yahi kamal ke fool ka baag hain.^[4] Bihar ke Aurangabad jile mein sthit Dave soorya mandir mein garbh gruh ke oopar ka shikhar kamal ka aakaar mein hai jiske oopar sone ka kalash hai.^[5] ashok ki laat mein bhi adhomukhi kamal ka prayog kiya gaya hai. Bhaarat ki rajdhani Delhi mein bane bahaai upaasana mandir ka sthaapatya poori tarah se khilte hue kamal ke aakaar par aadhaarit hai jiske kaaran ise lotus teinpal bhi kehte hain.

yog

yog mein varnit moolaadhaar ityaadi shareer ke saat pramukh oorja kendron ko bhi kamal ya padm kaha gaya hai. jismein pankhudiyon ki sankhya alag alag hai.

yadi udyaan mein kamal lagaane ki ichha ho to sabse adhik santoshajanak reeti yeh hai ki cement ki baavali banaai jaae. prabalit (reinforced) kankreet, ya prabalit itan aur cement, se peinda banaaya jaae. ismein lanbaai aur chaudaai donon disha disha mein lohe ki chhadein rahein jismein ise chatakhane ka dar na rahe. deevaarein bhi prabalit banaai jaaeain. teen foot gahari baavali se kaam chal jaaega. lanbaai, chaudaai jitni hi adhik hon utana hi achha hoga. pratyek paudhe ko lagbhag 100 varg foot sthaan chaahiye. isliye 100 varg foot se chhoti baavali bekaar hai. baavali ki peindi mein paani ki nikaasi ke liye chhed rahein to achha hai jismein samay-samay par baavali khaali karke saaf ki ja sake. tab is chhed se neechi bhoomi tak panaali bhi chaahiye.

baavali ki peindi mein 9 se 12 inch tak mitti ki tah bichha di jaae aur thoda bahut diya jaae. is mitti mein sade gobar ki khaad mili ho. mitti ke oopar ek inch moti baaloo daal di jaae. yadi baavali badi ho to peindi par sarvatr mitti daalne ke badle 12 inch gahre lakdi ke bade-bade bakson ka prayeg kiya ja sakta hai. tab keval bakson mein mitti daalna paryaapt hoga. isse laabh yeh hota hai ki sookhi patti door karne, ya fool todne ke liye, jab kisi ko baavali mein ghusna padta hai tab paani ganda naheen hota aur isliye pattiyon par mitti naheen chadhne paati. kamal ke beej ko peindi ki mitti mein, mitti ke prushth se do teen inch neeche, daba dena chaahiye. basant ritu ke aarambh mein aisa karna achha hoga. kaheen se ugata paudha jad sahit le liya jaae to aur achha. baavali sada svachh jal se bhari rahe.

nai bani baavali ko kai baar paani se bharakar aur pratyek baar kuchh dinon ke baad khaali karke svachh kar dena achha hai, kyonki aarambh mein paani mein kuchh choona utar aata hai jo paundhon ke liye haanikaarak hota hai. peindi ki mitti bhi chaar, chhah maheene pehle se daal di jaae aur paani bhar diya jaae. paani pale hara, fir svachh ho jaaega. baavali mein nadi ka, athva varsha ka, ya meethe kueain ka jal bhara jaae. shaharon ke banbe ke jal mein bahudha kloreen itni maatra mein rahati hai ki paudhe usamein panapate naheen. baavali aise sthaan mein rahani chaahiye ki usapar baraabar dhoop pad sake. chhaaainh mein kamal ke paudhe svasth naheen rahate.

• 

  shvet kamal

• 

  paatal padm

• 

  neel kamal

• 

  rakt kamal

• 

  taal mein khile kamal

• 

  kamal dal

• 

  svarn kamal

1. ↑ "padam puraan" (peeechapi). bhaarateeya saahitya sangrah. http://pustak.org/bs/home.php?bookid=3563. abhigman tithi: 2008.
2. ↑ "khajuraaho ka devi jagadambi mandir" (echateeem). teedeeel. http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/bund0032.htm. abhigman tithi: 2008.
3. ↑ "padmaavati maata jal kamal mandir" (echateeem). padmaprabhasooreeji.com. http://www.padmaprabhsuriji.org/shridharm_mandir.htm. abhigman tithi: 2008.
4. ↑ "kamal ke fool ka baag" (peeechapi). presanot.in. http://www.pressnote.in/travel/visitplace.php?id=28996. abhigman tithi: 2008.
5. ↑ "anoothi hai Dave soorya mandir ki sthaapatya kala" (echateeemael). jaagaran Yahoo. http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/bihar/4_4_4341543_1.html. abhigman tithi: 2008.

teeka tippani

k. ^{^} padmaalayaan padmakaraan padmapatranibhekshanaam

vande padmamukheen deveen padmanaabhapriyaamyaham.

kh. ^{^} pehla sthaan skand puraan ko praapt hai.