kalp (vedaang)

kalp ved ke chhah angon (vedaangon) mein ek hai jo karmakaandon ka vivran deta hai . anya vedaang hain- shiksha (praatishaakhyaadi), vyaakaran, nirukt, chhandashaastr aur jyotish. anek vaidik aitihaasikon ke mat se kalpagranth ya kalpasootr shat vedaangon mein praacheenatam aur vaidik saahitya ke adhik nikat hain. shat vedaangon mein kalp ka vishisht mahatva hai - kyonki janm, upanayan, vivaah, antyeshti aur yagya jaise vishay ismein vihit hain .

anukram

parichay

ved aur vedaang ki bhaarateeya itihaas mein badi charcha hai. sanhita (mantra sanhita), braahman, aaranyak aur upanishd (mukhya aur praacheen) ved hain tatha shiksha, kalp, vyaakaran, nirukt, chhandashaastr aur jyotish–chhah vedaang hain.

kalp ka taatparya hai - 'ved (sanhita, braahman, aaranyakaadi) vihit karmo, anushthaanon ka kramapoorvak kalpana karanevaala shaastr ya granth'.

kalpo vedavihitaanaan karmanamaanupoorvyen kalpanaashaastram (rigvedapraatishaakhya ki vargadvayavrutti).

kalpasootron ka pratipaadya vishay

shodash sanskaaron aur shraut yaag aadi ka kramabaddh roop mein varnan aur vivran aadi yahaaain hai. 'kalp' ka prastut sandarbh mein arth hai - vidhi, niyam, nyaaya, karm, aadesh aadi. kalpasootron ka pratipaadya vishay hai vaidik vidhividhaanon, karmaanushthaanon, nyaayaniymon, reetivyavasthaaon aur dharmaadeshon-dharmopadeshon ka sankshipt, sandehaheen aur nirdosh roop mein niroopan vivechan karna. laukik sanskrut aur sootravaaङamaya ka vaidik sootron, vividh vedaangasootron, daarshanik sootr granthaadi ka aarambh aur pravartan bhi kalpasootron se hota hai. at: inka aitihaasik mahatva bhi hai. vaidik braahmanagranthon mein mukhyat: varnit vaidik vidhividhaanon ka nitya naimittik kaamya-karm-yajnyaaadi ke anushthaanon ka karmakaandeeya krutyon ka, gruhasthajeevan ke gruhya dharm karmon ke aacharan ka, saamaajik jeevan ke reeti rivaajon, paranparaaon, prathaaon aadi ka, varnaashram-dharm-paalan-niyamon tatha shaasan aur raajyavyavastha aadi ka vaidik drushti se vivechan, pratipaadan aur niroopan hi in kalpasootron ka pratipaadya vishay hai. durooh vaidik yajnyaayaagaadi aur vividh dharm karmaadi ke jatil evam goodh vidhividhaanon ka spasht, asadigdh aur aadeshaatmak roop mein vidhinishedhon ki in vaidik sootragranthon dvaara ghoshana ki gayi hai.

vaidik gyaan, karm aur parampara ki jo dhaara durbodhya ya abodhya ho rahi thi us parampara ko surakshit rakhane evam navodbhav jnyaaanaadi ke saath unka saamanjasya baithaane mein in vaidik kalpasootron ka bada yogadaan raha hai. aage dhaarmik smrutiyon ne usi disha mein bahut kuchh kaarya kiya. vaidik shaakhaaon ke anuyaayi tapovan aashramavaasi rishi aachaaryon ke aashramon mein hi in kalpasootron ka nirmaan hua. inmein vaidik aaryon ke puraayugeen paarivaarik, dhaarmik yaajnyaik evam saamajik jeevan mein un karmadharmaadi ka niroopan kiya gaya jiske kaaran aaj bhi poorvavaidikyugeen aaryon ki jeevanacharya, samaaj evam aachaaravichaar ki gatividhi ka hamein gyaan ho paata hai.

bhed

in kalpasootron ka pradhaan pratipaadya vishay hai sanskaaron, yajnyaon aur varnaashram dharmon ki vyaakhya, vidhividhaan tatha anushthaanacharya. inheen ke aadhaar par kalpasootron ka teen mukhya vargo mein vibhaajan kiya gaya hai–

iske atirikt shulbasootr bhi ek bhed hain.

shrautasootr

shrautasootron mein shrutipratipaadit darsh, paurnamaasya, chaaturmaasya, somayaag, vaajapeya, raajasooya, ashvamedh aadi shraut yajnyaon ka aur unke anushtheya karmakaandeeya vidhividhaanon ka kramabaddh varnan hai. aaj upalabdh praaya: pratyek ved aur usaki pratyek shaakha ke alag-alag shraut sootr hain. dhaarmik drushti se in shrautasootron ka vishesh mahatva hai. aitihaasik kram mein ye yagya dheere-dheere aprachalit hote ja rahe hain, parantu bhaarateeya aaryon ke saanskruti itihaas ki drushti se inka mahatva aaj bhi akshunn bana hua hai.

gruhyasootr

gruhyasootron mein gruhasth jeevan sambandhi sanskaaron aur gruhaagni mein sampann honevaale yajnyaon ke (upanayan, udvaah aadi ke) vidhaan, anushthaan aadi ka vivran milta hai. paarvanayajnya, pitruyajnyaaadi sapt gruhyajnyaon, devayajnyaaadi panch mahaayajnyaon tatha shodash hindu sanskaaron ka vidhividhaan in gruhyasootron mein varnit hai. pratyek ved aur shaakha ke gruhyasootr bhi pruthak-pruthak hain.

dharmasootr

dharmasootron mein saamaajik aachaar-vichaar tatha varnon evam aashramon se sambaddh dharmakarmaachaaron ke vishay mein vidhinishedhon tatha kartavyaakartavyon ka vaidikkaaleen svaroop varnit hai. raajadharm, shaasanavyavastha, raaja-praja-dharm-dharm aadi ka bhi varnan yahaaain mil jaata hai. dand aadi ke vidhaan bhi yahaaain varnit hain. aachaar vishyak niyamon se inka sambandh tha aur varnaashramaachaar tatha saamaajik aacharan ke liye dharmasootron ko pramaan maana jaata tha. dharmasootron ka gruhyasootron ke varnya vishay se varnadharmon evam aashramadharmon ke sandarbh mein niktata bhi lakshit hoti hai. inmein sanskaaron ki charcha yadyapi yatratatr hi hui hai tathaapi varnaashramaachaar sambandhi vidhinishedhon ka niroopan inka mukhya lakshya tha. anek dharmasootr granth aaj bhi upalabdh hain aur unamein bhi adhikaansh prakaashit hain. vibhinn dharmasootron ke saath vedashaakhaaon ke dharmasootron ka kumaaril bhatt ke tantravaartik mein ullekh milta hai.

shulbasootr

shulbasootron mein yagya-nimittak vedi ke nirmaan ka vivran hai. praacheen aaryo ke jyaamitik gyaan ka inse parichay milta hai.

sandarbh granth

pan॰ baladev upaadhyaaya : vaidik saahitya aur sanskruti;
vaachaspati gairola : sanskrut saahitya ka itihaas;
dau॰ raajavansh sahaaya 'heera' : sanskrut saahityakosh.