kailsiym

kailsiym / Calcium raasaayanik tatv
namoona
raasaayanik chinh:	Ca
parmaanu sankhya:	20
raasaayanik shrunkhala:	kshaareeya paarthiv dhaatu
aavart saarani mein sthiti
electronic dhaancha
anya bhaashaaon mein naam:	Calcium (angreji), Кaaаaaлaaьaaцaaиaaй (roosi), カaaルaaシaaウaaム (Japani)

kailsiym (Calcium) ek raasaayanik tatv hai. yeh aavartasaarani ke dviteeya mukhya samooh ka dhaatu tatv hai. yeh kshaareeya mruda dhaatu hai aur shuddh avastha mein yeh anupalabdh hai. kintu iske anek yaugik prachur maatra mein bhoomi mein milte hai. bhoomi mein upasthit tatvon mein maatra ke anusaar iska paaainchavaaain sthaan hai.

yeh jeevit praaniyon ke liye atyaavashyak hota hai. bhojan mein iski samuchit maatr honi chaahiye. khaane yogya kailshiym doodh sahit kai khaadya padaartho mein milti hai. Khan-paan ke saath-saath kailshiym ke kai audyogik istemaal bhi hain jahaan iska shuddh roop aur iske kai yaugikon ka istemaal kiya jaata hai. aavart saarani mein kailshiym ka anu kramaank 20 hai aur ise angreji shabdon 'Ca' se ingit kiya gaya hai. 1808 mein sar hamfri daivi ne ise khoja tha. unhonne ise kailsiym kloraaid se alag kiya tha. kailshiym choona patthar ka ek badi maatr hai. paudhon mein bhi kailshiym paaya jaata hai.^[1]

apne shuddh roop mein kailshiym chamakeele rang ka hota hai. yeh apne anya saathi tatvon ke bajaay kam kriyaasheel hota hai. jalaane par ismein se peela aur laal dhuaan uthata hai. ise aaj bhi kailshiym kloraaid se usi prakriya se alag kiya jaata hai jo sar hamfri daivi ne 1808 mein istemaal ki thi. kailshiym se jude hi ek anya yaugik, kailsiym kaarbonet ko kankreet, cement, choona ityaadi banaane ke liye istemaal kiya jaata hai. anya kailshiym kanpaaund ayaskon, keetanaashak, durgandhahar, khaad, kapda utpaadan, kausmetiks, laaiting ityaadi mein istemaal kiya jaata hai. jeevit praaniyon mein kailshiym haddiyon, daanton aur shareer ke anya hisson mein paaya jaata hai. yeh rakt mein bhi hota hai aur shareer ki androoni dekhbhaal mein iski vishesh bhoomika hoti hai.

kailsiym atyant sakriya tatv hai. is kaaran isko shuddh avastha mein praapt karna kathin kaarya hai. aajkal kailasiym kloraaid tatha floraspaar ke mishran ko grefaait moosha mein rakhakar vidyutavichhedan dvaara is tatv ko taiyaar karte hain.

shuddh avastha mein yeh safed chamakadaar rahata hai. parantu sakriya hone ke kaaran vaayu ke aakseejan evam naaitrojan se abhikriya karta hai. iske kristal falak keindrit ghanaakaar roop mein hote hain. yeh aaghaatavardhya tatha tanya tatv hai. iske kuchh gunadharm nimnaankit hain-

sanket -- Ca

parmaanu ank -- 20

parmaanu bhaar -- 40.08

parmaanu ardhavyaas -- 10^-8 seinteemeetar

galanaank -- 842 degree seinteegred

kvathanaank -- 1484 degree seinteegred

ghanatv (20 seinteegred par) -- 1.55 gram prati ghan seinteemeetar

vidyutpratirodhakata -- 4.6 x10⁶ om seinteemeetar

saadhaaran taap par yeh vaayu ke okseejan aur naaitrojan se dheere dheere abhikriya karta hai, parantu uchch taap par teevr abhikriya dvaara chamak ke saath jalata hai aur kailasiym aaksaaid (CaO) banaata hai. jal ke saath abhikriya kar yeh haaidrojan unmukt karta hai aur lagbhag samast adhaatuon ke saath abhikririya kar yaugik banaata hai.

iske raasaayanik gun anya kshaareeya mruda tatvon (straanshiym, beriym tatha rediym) ki bhaaainti hai. yeh abhikriya dvaara dvisanyojakeeya yaugik banaata hai. okseejan ke saath sanyukt hone par kailasiym oksaaid ka nirmaan hota hai, jise kali choona (quiklime) bhi kehte hain. paani mein ghulane par kailsiym haaidrauksaaid ya shamit choona ya bujha choona (slaked lime) banta hai. yeh kshaareeya padaarth hai jiska upayog gruh nirmaan kaarya mein purataan kaal se hota aaya hai. choone mein baaloo, jal aadi milaane par plaastar banta hai, jo sookhane par kathor ho jaata hai aur dheere-dheere vaayumandal ke kaarban daaioksaaid se abhikriya kar kailasiym kaarbonet mein parint ho jaata hai.

kailasiym anek tatvon (jaise haaidrojan, floreen, kloreen, bromeen aayodeen, naaitrojan salfar aadi ) ke saath abhikriya kar yaugik banta hai. kailasiym kloraaid, haaidroksaaid, tatha haaipokloraaid ka ek mishran [CaCI₂ Ca (OH)₂ H₂O] aur [CaOCI2] bliching paaudar kahalaata hai jo vastron aadi ke viranjan mein upayogi hai. kailasiym kaarbonet tatha baaikaarbonet bhi upayogi hai.

apaachayak tatv hone ke kaaran kailasiym anya dhaatuon ke nirmaan mein kaam aata hai. kuchh dhaatuon mein kailasiym mishrit karne par upayogi mishr dhaatueain banti hain.

kailasiym ke yaugik ke anek upayog hain. kuchh yaugik (naaitret, fausafet aadi) urvarak ke roop mein upayog mein aate hai. kailasiym kaarbaaid ka upayog naaitrojan sthireekaran udyog mein hota hai aur iske dvaara esitileen gas banaai jaati hai. kailasiym salfet dvaara plaastar of peris banaaya jaata hai. iske atirkti kuchh yaugik chikitsa, porsloin udyog, kaach udyog, charm udyog tatha lep aadi ke nirmaan mein upayogi hai.

Bhaarat ke praacheen nivaasi kailasiym ke yaugik tatvon se parichit the. unamein choona (kailasiym aaksaaid) mukhya hai. mohanajodado aur hadppa ke bhagnaavasheshon se gyaat hota hai tatkaaleen nivaasi choone ka upayog anek kaaryon mein karte the. choone ke saath katipya anya padaarthon ke mishran se 'vajralep' taiyaar karne ka praacheen saahitya mein praapt hota hai. charak ne aise kshaaron ka varnan kiya hai jinko vibhinn samaakshaaron par choone ki abhikriya dvaara banaaya jaata tha. kuchh samay poorv uttar pradesh ke basti jile mein kopiya naamak ek sthaan se kaaainch banaane ke ek praacheen kaarkhaane ke avashesh praapt hue hain. usaka kaal lagbhag paaainchavi shati isavi poorv anumaan kiya jaata hai. vahaaain se mili kaaainch ki vastuon ki pareeksha se gyaat hua hai ki us kaal ke kaaainch banaane mein choone ka upayog hota tha.

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  jvaala pareeksha

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  aargan ke nishkriya vaataavaran mein kailshiym

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  kailshiym

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  kailshiym kaarbonet - CaCO₃