jhaarakhand

jhaarakhand

भारत के मानचित्र पर झारखण्ड
Bhaarat ke praant
rajdhani Ranchi
sabse bada shahar Ranchi
janasankhya 26,909,428
- ghanatv 338 /kimee²
kshetrafal 79,700 kimee²
- jile 24
raajabhaasha(eain) hindi, saanthaali, ho, naagapuri evam khadiya aadivaasi ,munda,kudukh
pratishtha 15 November 2000
- raajyapaal draupadi muramoo (raajaneetijnya)draupadi muramoo
- mukhyamantri raghuvar das
- vidhaanasabha 82
aaiesao sankshep IN-JH
jhaarakhand dot com

jhaarakhand yaani 'jhaar' ya 'jhaad' jo sthaaneeya roop mein van ka paryaaya hai aur 'khand' yaani tukade se milkar bana hai. apne naam ke anurup yeh moolat: ek van pradesh hai jo Jharkhand aandolan ke falasvaroop (jise baad mein kuchh logon dvaara vanaanchal aandolan ke naam se jaana jaata hai) srujit hua. prachur maatra mein khanij ki upalabadhta ke kaaran ise Bhaarat ka 'roor' bhi kaha jaata hai jo Germany mein khanij-pradesh ke naam se vikhyaat hai.

72 varshon pehle aadivaasi mahaasabha ne jayapaal Singh munda ki aguaai mein alag 'Jharkhand' ka sapana dekha. par varsh 2000 mein kadr sarkaar ne 15 November (aadivaasi naayak birsa munda ke janmadin) ko Bhaarat ka aththaaisavaaain raajya bana jhaarakhand Bhaarat ke naveenatam praanton mein se ek hai. Bihar ke dakshini hisse ko vibhaajit kar Jharkhand pradesh ka srujan kiya gaya tha. audyogik nagari raaainchi iski rajdhani hai. is pradesh ke anya bade shaharon mein dhanabaad, bokaaro evam Jamshedpur shaamil hain.

Jharkhand ki seemaaeain uttar mein Bihar, pashchim mein uttar pradesh evam Chhattisgarh, dakshin mein Orissa aur poorv mein pashchim Bengal ko chhooti hain. lagbhag sampoorn pradesh chhotaanaagapur ke pathaar par avasthit hai. koyal, Damodar, khadkai aur suvarnarekha. svarnarekha yahaaain ki pramukh nadiyaaain hain. sampoorn Bhaarat mein vanon ke anupaat mein pradesh ek agrani raajya maana jaata hai tatha vanya jeevon ke sanrakshan ke liye mashahoor hai.

Jharkhand kshetr vibhinn bhaashaaon, sanskrutiyon evam dharmon ka sangam kshetr kaha ja sakta hai. Dravid, aarya, evam aastro-Asiaee tatvon ke sammishran ka isse achha koi kshetr Bhaarat mein shaayad hi dikhta hai. is shahar ki gatividhiyaaain mukhya roop se rajdhani raaainchi aur Jamshedpur, dhanabaad tatha bokaaro jaise audyogik kendron se sabse jyaada prabhaavit hoti hain.

anukram

itihaas

mukhya lekh : Jharkhand ka itihaas

jhaarakhand raajya ki maang ka itihaas lagbhag sau saal se bhi puraana hai jab 1900 isavi ke aaspaas jayapaal Singh jo bhaarateeya hockey khilaadi the aur jinhonne olompik khelon mein bhaarateeya hockey team ke kaptaan ka bhi daayitv nibhaaya tha, ne pehli baar tatkaaleen Bihar ke dakshini jilon ko milaakar Jharkhand raajya banaane ka vichaar rakha tha. lekin yeh vichaar 2 August san 2000 mein saakaar hua jab sansad ne is sambandh mein ek bill paarit kiya aur usi saal 15 November ko Jharkhand raajya ne moort roop grahan kiya aur Bhaarat ke 28 vein praant ke roop mein pratishthaapit hua.

itihaasavidon ka maanana hai ki Jharkhand ki vishisht bhoo-sthaitik sanrachana, alag saanskrutik pehchaan ityaadi ko Jharkhand kshetr ko magadh saamraajya se pehle se bhi ek alag ikaai ke roop mein chinhit kiya jaata raha. kinvadantiyon ke anusaar terahaveen sadi mein udeesa ke raaja jayasinh Dave ko is pradesh ke log apna raaja maanate the. Jharkhand ke praarambhik itihaas mein is raajavansh ki kaafi prabhaavashaali bhoomika rahi hai. isse poorv is kshetr mein mukhya roop se kabilaai saradaaron ka bolabaala raha karta tha lekin kaafi kshetron mein nirankushata evam unki manamaani ki vajah se logon ne yahaaain se baahar ke raajavaadon se madad ki appeal ki jinhein us samay nyaayik drushti se kaafi had tak nishpaksh maana jaata tha. is tarah pehli baar is kshetr mein baahari logon ka hastakshep shuru hua jab udeesa evam anya kshetron ke raajaaon ne apni sena ke saath yahaaain dakhal dena shuru kiya. kuchh achhe kabilaai sardaar jinka kaam achha tha evam jinka praja se achha sambandh tha unka prabhaav is kshetr mein baad tak kaayam raha, jinmein mukhya rup se bahut se munda sardaar the aur aaj bhi bahut se ilaakon mein ye kaafi prabhaavashaali hain. (dekhein: munda maanaki pratha). baad mein mugal saltanat ke dauraan Jharkhand ko kukara pradesh ke naam se jaana jaata tha. 1765 ke baad yeh british saamraajya ke adheen ho gaya. british daasata ke adheen yahaaain kaafi atyaachaar hue aur anya pradeshon se aane vaale logon ka kaafi dabadaba ho gaya tha. is kaalakhand mein is pradesh mein britishon ke khilaaf bahut se vidroh hue jise aadivaasi vidrohon ke naam se saamoohik roop se jaana jaata hai, inmein se kuchh pramukh vidroh the:-

in sabhi vidrohon ke bhaarateeya british sena dvaara faujon ki bhaari taadaad se nishfal kar diya gaya tha. iske baad 1914 mein taana bhagat ke netrutv mein lagbhag chhabbees hajaar aadivaasiyon ne fir se british satta ke khilaaf vidroh kiya tha jo baad mein mahaatma Gandhi ke savinya avajnyaa aandolan ka hissa ban gaya.

bhaugolik sthiti evam jalavaayu

pradesh ka jyaadaatar hissa chhotaanaagapur pathaar ka hissa hai jo koyal, Damodar, bramhaani, khadkai, evam svarnarekha nadiyon ka udgam sthal bhi hai jinke jalakshetr jyaadaatar jhaarakhand mein hai. pradesh ka jyaadaatar hissa van-kshetr hai, jahaaain haathiyon evam baaghon ki bahutaayat hai.

mitti ke vargeekaran ke anusaar, pradesh ki jyaadaatar bhoomi chattaanon evam pattharon ke aparadan se bani hai. jinhein is prakaar up-vibhaajit kiya ja sakta hai:-

  1. laal mitti, jo jyaadaatar Damodar ghaati, evam raajamahal kshetron mein paayi jaati hai.
  2. maaika yukt mitti, jo kodarama, jhumari tilaiya, badkaagaaainv, evam mandaar parvat ke aaspaas ke kshetron mein paayi jaati hai.
  3. balui mitti, jyaadaatar hajaareebaag evam dhanabaad kshetron ki bhoomi mein paayi jaati hai.
  4. kaali mitti, raajamahal kshetr mein
  5. laiteraait mitti, jo raaainchi ke pashchimi hisse, palaamoo, santhaal paragana ke kuchh kshetr evam pashchimi evam poorvi sinhabhoom mein paayi jaati hai.

vaanaspatiki evam jaiviki

Jharkhand vaanaspatik evam jaivik vividhtaaon ka bhandaar kehna atishyokti naheen hogi. pradesh ke abhyaaranya evam vanaspati udyaan iski baanagi sahi maayanon mein pesh karte hain. betala raashtreeya abhyaaranya (palaamoo), jo daaltenaganj se 25 kimi ki doori par sthit hai, lagbhag 250 varg kimi mein faila hua hai. vividh vanya jeev yatha baagh, haathi, bhainse saanbhar, saikadon tarah ke jangali sooar evam 20 foot lamba ajagar chitteedaar hirnon ke jhund, cheetal evam anya stanadhaari praani is park ki shobha badhaate hain. is park ko 1974 mein project tiger ke tahat surakshit kshetr ghoshit kar diya gaya tha.

janasaankhyiki

jhaarakhand ki aabaadi lagbhag 26.90 million hai jismein 13.86 million purush evam 13.04 million stri hain. yahaaain ka lingaanupaat 941 stri prati 1000 purush hai. yahaaain ki aabaadi mein 28% anusoochit janajaati, 12% anusoochit jaati shaamil hain. prativrg kilometer janasankhya ka ghanatv lagbhag 274 hai parantu ismein kaafi vividhta hai kyonki raajya mein kaheen kaheen kaafi saghan aabaadi hai to kaheen van pradesh hone ki vajah se ghanatv kaafi kam hai. gumala jile mein jahaaain yeh maatr 148 vyakti/varg kimi hai to dhanabaad jile mein 1167 vyakti/varg kimi hai. [1]

puraatan kaal se hi yeh pradesh aadivaasi janajaatiyon ka gruhakshetr raha hai. kisi kisi jile mein to janajaatiya aabaadi hi bahusankhyak aabaadi hai. Jharkhand mein 33 janajaatiya samoohon ka nivaas hai jismein asur, baiga, banjaara, bhathudi, bediya, binjhiya, birhor, birijiya, chero, chik-baraaik, gond, goraait, ho, karamaali, khairavaar, khond, kisaan, kora, korava, lohara, mahali, malapahaadiya, munda,khadiya oraanv, pahaadiya, saanthaal, sauriya-pahaadiya, saavar, bhoomij, kol evam kanvar shaamil hain.

vartamaan jhaarakhand ka bhaugolik kshetr dakshini Bihar ka hissa tha. Jamshedpur, dhanabaad evam raaainchi jaise audyogik evam khanan kshetron ki vajah sepichhle kai dashakon mein padosi raajya pashchim Bengal, udeesa, Bihar evam Chhattisgarh se log is pradesh mein aate rahe hain. yadyapi Jharkhand mein gareebi pichhle kuchh saalon 2% ki dar se kam hui hai lekin bhaarateeya maanak ke anusaar yeh abhi bhi kaafi pichhde kshetron mein gina ja sakta hai.

raajya ki bahusankhyak aabaadi hindu dharm (lagabha 81%) maanati hai. doosare sthaan par (13.8%) islaam dharm hai evam raajya ki lagbhag 4.1% aabaadi isaaiyat ko maanati hai. raajya mein anya bahut se dharmon ki maujoodagi bhi hai parantu ye kaafi kam hain.

arthatantr

jhaarakhand ki arthavyavastha mukhya roop se khanij aur van sanpada se nirdeshit hai. loha, koyala, maaika, baaksaait, fire-kle, grefaait, kaayanaait, seleemaait, choona patthar, yureniym aur doosari khanij sanpadaaon ki prachurata ki vajah se yahaaain udyog-dhandhon ka jaal bichha hai. khanij utpaadon ke khanan se Jharkhand ko saalaana tees hajaar karod rupaye ki aay hoti hai. Jharkhand na keval apne udyog-dhandhon mein iska istemaal karta hai balki doosare raajyon ko bhi iski poorti karta hai. 2000 mein Bihar se vibhaajan ke pashchaat Jharkhand ka GDP 2004 mein chaudah billion dollar aanka gaya tha.

udyog-dhandhe

jhaarakhand mein Bhaarat ke kuchh sarvaadhik audyogikrut sthaan yatha - Jamshedpur, raaainchi, bokaaro evam dhanabaad ityaadi sthit hain. Jharkhand ke udyogon mein kuchh pramukh hain :

sarkaar evam raajaneeti

mukhya lekh : jhaarakhand ke mukhyamantriyon ki soochi aur jhaarakhand ke raajyapaalon ki soochi

jhaarakhand ke mukhiya yahaaain ke raajyapaal hain jo raashtrapati dwaar niyukt kiye jaate hain parantu vaastavik kaaryakaari shaktiyaaain mukhyamantri ke haathon mein kendrit hoti hai jo apni sahaayata ke liye ek mantreemandal ka bhi gathan karta hai. raajya ka prashaasanik mukhiya raajya ka mukhya sachiv hota hai jo prashaasanik seva dvaara chunakar aate hain. nyaayik vyastha ka pramukh raaainchi sthit uchch nyaayalaya ke pramukh nyaayadheesh hota hai. jhaarakhand Bhaarat ke un terah raajyon mein shaamil hai jo naksalavaad ki samasya se buri tarah joojh raha hai. abhi haal hi mein 5 March 2007 ko chaudahaveen Loksabha se Jamshedpur ke saansad suneel mahato, ki naksavaadi ugravaadiyon dvaara goli maar kar hatya kar di gayi thi. [2]

prashaasanik jila ikaaiyaaain

raajya ka nirmaan hone ke samay jhaarakhand mein 18 jile the jo pehle dakshin Bihar ka hissa hua karte the. inmein se kuchh jilon ko punargathit karke chhah naye jile srujit kiye gaye :- laatehaar, saraaikela kharasaaainva jaamataada saahibganj khooainti evam raamagadh. vartamaan mein raajya mein chaubees jile hain Jharkhand ke jile:

jile

Jharkhand mein 24 jile hain jo is prakaar hain:-

kodarama jila, gadhava jila, gireedeeh jila, gumala jila, chatara jila, jaamataada jila, dumaka jila, devaghar jila, godda jila, dhanabaad jila, palaamoo jila, pashchimi sinhabhoom jila (mukhyaalaya:chaaibaasa), poorvi sinhabhoom jila (mukhyaalaya: Jamshedpur), bokaaro jila, paakud jila, raaainchi jila, laatehaar jila, loharadagga jila, saraaikela kharasaavaaain jila, saahibganj jila, simdega jila, hajaareebaag jila, khoonti jila aur raamagadh jila, chaas

yeh bhi dekhein:Jharkhand ka jilevaar maanachitr

yaataayaat

jhaarakhand ki rajdhani raaainchi sampoorn desh se sadak evam rel maarg dvaara kaafi achhi tarah juda hua hai. raashtreeya raajamaarg 2, 27, 33 is raajya se hokar gujarati hai. is pradesh ka doosra pramukh shahar taataanagar (Jamshedpur) Delhi Kolkata mukhya relamaarg par basa hua hai jo raaainchi se 120 kilometer dakshin mein basa hai. raajya ka mein ekamaatr raashtreeya havaai adda raaainchi ka birsa munda havaai-adda hai jo desh ke pramukh shaharon; Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata aur Patna se juda hai. Indian airlines aur air sahaara ki niyamit udaanein aapko is shahar se havaai-maarg dvaara jodti hain. sabse najadeeki antarraashtreeya havaai adda Kolkata ka netaaji subhaashachandr Bose havaai adda hai.

parv-tyauhaar

paaramparik aadivaasi nrutya

jhaarakhand aadivaasi bahul raajya hai. isliye yahaan ki sanskruti mein aadim jeevan ka rang-gandh yahaan ke sabhi parv-tyohaaron mein bikhra pada hai. haalaanki angreji shaasan ke baad se hi yahaan baahari samudaayon ki badhti hui bhaari aabaadi ke kaaran, hindu, muslim evam anya dharmaavalanbiyon ki saanskrutik chhata bhi dekhne ko milte hain. fir bhi aadivaasi parv-tyohaaron ki baat hi kuchh aur hai. aadivaasiyon ka sabse bada tyohaar sarahul hai jo mukhyat: basantotsav hai jo March-April maheene mein manaaya jaata hai. iske alaava kuchh pramukh anya tyohaar is prakaar hain:-

jhaarakhand ke lokanrutya

paaika chhaoo, jadur, naachani, natuaa, agani, chaukaara, jaamada, ghatavaari, mataha

shiksha sansthaan

jhaarakhand ki shiksha sansthaaon mein kuchh atyant pramukh shiksha sansthaan shaamil hain. janajaatiya pradesh hone ke baavajood yahaan kai naami sarkaari evam niji college hain jo kala, vigyaan, abhiyaantriki, medisin, kaanoon aur management mein uchch star ki shiksha dene ke liye vikhyaat hain.

jhaarakhand ki kuchh pramukh shiksha sansthaayein hain :

vishvavidyaalaya

anya pramukh sansthaan

jhaarakhand ke paryatan sthal

mukhya lekh - Jharkhand ke paryatan sthal

vibhootiyaaain

sanchaar evam samaachaar maadhyam

raaainchi express evam prabhaat khabar jaise hindi samaachaarapatr raajya ki rajdhani raaainchi se prakaashit honevaale pramukh samaachaarapatr hain jo raajya ke sabhi hisson mein upalabdh hote hain. hindi, baangla evam angreji mein prakaashit hone vaale desh ke anya pramukh samaachaarapatr bhi bade shaharon mein aasaani se mil jaate hain. iske atirikt dainik bhaaskar, dainik jaagaran, dainik Hindustan, khabar mantr, I next uditvaani, chamakata aaina, utkal mel tatha aavaaj jaise hindi samaachaarapatr bhi pradesh ke bahut se hisson mein kaafi padhe jaate hain. ilektraanik media ki baat karein to Jharkhand ko kendra banaakar khabaron ka prasaaran E TV Bihar-Jharkhand, sahaara samay Bihar-Jharkhand, maurya TV, saadhana news, news 11 aadi channel karte hain. Ranchi mein raashtreeya samaachaar channelon ke bureau kaaryaalaya kaaryarat hain.

johaar disum khabar jhaarakhandi bhaashaaon mein prakaashit hone wala pehla paakshik akhbaar hai. ismein Jharkhand ki 10 aadivaasi evam kshetreeya bhaashaaon tatha hindi sahit 11 bhaashaaon mein khabarein chhapati hain. johaar sahiya raajya ka ekamaatr jhaarakhandi maasik patrika hai jo Jharkhand ki sabse lokapriya bhaasha naagapuri mein prakaashit hoti hai. iske alaava jhaarakhandi bhaasha saahitya sanskruti akhada aur gotiya Jharkhand ki aadivaasi evam kshetreeya bhaashaaon mein prakaashit hone waali mahatvapoorn patra-patrikaaen hain.

raaainchi aur Jamshedpur mein lagbhag paanch radio prasaaran kendra hain aur aakaashavaani ki pahuainch pradesh ke har hisse mein hai. dooradarshan ka raashtreeya prasaaran bhi pradesh ke lagbhag sabhi hisson mein pahuainch rakhata hai. Jharkhand ke bade shaharon mein lagbhag har telivijn channel upagrah evam kebal ke maadhyam se sulabhata se upalabdh hai.

laindalaain telephone ki upalabdhata pradesh mein Bhaarat sanchaar nigam limited (BSNL), tata teleservices (tata indikaam) evam Reliance infokaam dvaara har hisse mein ki jaati hai. mobile seva pradaataaon mein BSNL, Aircell, idea, vodaafon Reliance[uninor] evam Airtel pramukh hain.

sandarbh

baahari kadiyaaain

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