jau
jau pruthvi par sabse praacheen kaal se krushi kiye jaane vaale anaajon mein se ek hai. iska upayog praacheen kaal se dhaarmik sanskaaron mein hota raha hai. sanskrut mein ise "yav" kehte hain. roos, Ukraine, amareeka, Germany, Canada aur Bhaarat mein yeh mukhyat: paida hota hai.
anukram
parichay
horadiym distin (Hordeum distiehon), jiski utpatti madhya Africa aur horadiym valageyar (H. vulgare), jo Europe mein paida hua, iski do mukhya jaatiyaaain hai. inmein dviteeya adhik prachalit hai. ise samasheetoshn jalavaayu chaahiye. yeh samudratal se 14,000 foot ki ooainchaai tak paida hota hai. yeh gehooain ke mukaabale adhik sahanasheel paudha hai. ise vibhinn prakaar ki bhoomiyon mein boya ja sakta hai, par madhyam, domat bhoomi adhik upayukt hai. khet samatal aur jalanikaas yogya hona chaahiye. prati ekad ise 40 pound naaitrojan ki aavashyakta hoti hai, jo hari khaad dene se poorn ho jaati hai. anyatha naaitrojan ki aadhi maatra kaarbanik khaad - govar ki khaad, kanpost tatha khali - aur aadhi akaarbanik khaad - aimoniym salfet aur sodiym naaitret - ke roop mein kramash:: bone ke ek maas poorv aur pratham sinchaai par deni chaahiye. asinchit bhoomi mein khaad ki maatra kam di jaati hai. aavashyakataanusaar fausforas bhi diya ja sakta hai.
ek ekad bone ke liye 30-40 ser beej ki aavashyakta hota hai. beej beejavapitr (seed drill) se, ya hal ke peechhe kood mein, nau nau inch ki samaan doori ki panktiyon me October November mein boya jaata hai. pehli sinchaai teen chaar saptaah baad aur doosari jab fasal doodhiya avastha mein ho tab ki jaati hai. pehli sinchaai ke baad niraai gudaai karni chaahiye. jab paudhon ka danthal bilkul sookh jaae aur jhukaane par aasaani se toot jaae, jo March April mein paki hui fasal ko kaatna chaahiye. fir gattharon mein baaaindhakar sheegra madaai kar leni chaahiye, kyonki in dinon toofaan evam varsha ka adhik dar rahata hai.
beej ka sanchaya badi badi baaliyaaain chhaaaintakar karna chaahiye tatha beej ko khoob sukhaakar ghadoain mein band karke bhoose mein rakh dein. ek ekad mein 8-10 quintal upaj hoti hai. Bhaarat ki saadhaaran upaj 705 pound aur England ki 1990 pound hai. shasyachakr ki fasalein mukhyat: chari, makka, kapaas evam baajara hain. unnatisheel jaatiyaaain, si N 294 hain. jau ka daana laava, sattoo, aata, maalt aur sharaab banaane ke kaam mein aata hai. bhoosa jaanvaron ko khilaaya jaata hai.
jau ke paudhon mein kanddi (aavrut kaalika) ka prakop adhik hota hai, isaliye grasit paudhon ko khet se nikaal dena chaahiye. kintu bone ke poorv yadi beejon ka upachaar aigrosan ji N dvaara kar liya jaaya to adhik achha hoga. girvi ki beemaari ki rok thaam tatha upachaar agaiti bovaai se ho sakta hai.
utpaadak desh
| raink | desh | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 |
 roos
|
17.8 | 8.3 | 16.9 |
| 02 |
 Ukraine
|
11.8 | 8.4 | 9.1 |
| 03 |
 France
|
12.8 | 10.1 | 8.8 |
| 04 |
 Germany
|
12.2 | 10.4 | 8.7 |
| 05 |
 Australia
|
7.9 | 7.2 | 7.9 |
| 06 |
 Canada
|
9.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 |
| 07 |
 Turkey
|
7.3 | 7.2 | 7.6 |
| 08 |
 sanyukt raajashaahi
|
6.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 |
| 09 |
 Argentina
|
1.3 | 2.9 | 4.0 |
| 10 |
 sanyukt raajya America
|
4.9 | 3.9 | 3.3 |
| — | World total | 151.8 | 123.7 | 134.3 |
|
srot: khaadya evam krushi sangathan (sanyukt raashtra sangh)[1] |
||||
san 2007 mein vishv bhar mein lagbhag 100 deshon mein jau ki kheti hui. 1974 mein poore vishv mein jau ka utpaadan lagbhag 148,818,870 tan tha uske baad utpaadan mein kuchh kami aayi hai. 2011 ke aankadon ke anusaar Ukraine vishv mein sarvaadhik jau niryaatak desh tha.[2]
bhaarateeya sanskruti mein jau
bhaarateeya sanskruti mein tyohaaron aur shaadi-byaah mein anaaj ke saath poojan ki pauraanik parampara hai. hindu dharm mein jau ka bada mahatva hai. dhaarmik anushthaanon, shaadi-byaah holi mein lagne vaale nav bhaarateeya sanvat mein nava ann khaane ki parampara bina jau ke poori naheen ki ja sakti. isi ke chalte log holika ki aag se nikalne waali halki lapaton mein jau ki hari kachchi baali ko aanch dikhaakar rang khelne ke baad bhojan karne se pehle dahi ke saath jau ko khaakar nava (nae) ann ki shuruaat hone ki parampara ka nirvahan karte hain.
jau ka upayog betiyaaein ke vivaah ke samay hone vaale dvaaraachaar mein bhi hota hai. ghar ki mahilaaen var paksh ke logon par apni chaukhat par mangal geet gaate hue doolhe sahit anya logaaein par iski bauchhaar karna shubh maanati hain. mrutyu ke baad hone vaale karmakaand to bina jau ke poore naheen ho sakte. aisa shaastron mein bhi likha hai.
sandarbh
yeh bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- jau ki kheti (egropeediya)
- jau ki kheti (ATMA)
- aushadheeya ann "jau"
- jau ugaayein, jal bachaayein (kheti-ganga)
- jau
- khatm ho rahi jau ki kheti (amar ujaala)