jaivapraudyogiki

jaivapraudyogiki ya jaivatakaneeki takaneeki ka vo vishay hai jo abhiyaantriki aur takaneeki ke data aur tareekon ko jeevon aur jeevan tantron se sambandhit adhyayan aur samasya ke samaadhaan ke liye upayog karta hai. jin vishvavidyaalayon mein ye alag nikaaya naheen hota, vahaaain ise raasaayanik abhiyaantriki, rasaayan shaastr ya jeev vigyaan nikaaya mein rakh diya jaata hai. jaiv praudyogiki laagoo jeev vigyaan ke ek kshetr hai ki engineering, praudyogiki, chikitsa aur anya bioproducts aavashyakta kshetron mein rahane vaale jeevon aur bioprocesses ka istemaal shaamil hai. jaiv praudyogiki bhi nirmaan prayojan ke liye in utpaadon ka istemaal karta. isi prakaar ke shabdon ka prayog aadhunik aanuvanshik saath hi engineering sel ootak aur sanskruti praudyogiki bhi shaamil hai. avadhaarana jeevit maanav uddeshyon ke anusaar jeevon ko sanshodhit karne ke liye prakriyaaon aur (itihaas) ki ek vyaapak shreni shaamil hain - pashuon ke paudhon ki, paalatoo kheti ke liye vaapas ja aur in ke liye program hai ki krutrim chayan aur sankaran rojagaar prajanan ke maadhyam se "sudhaar". jaiv praudyogiki ki tulana karke, bioengineering aamtaur par jor dene ke saath ek se sambandhit kshetr ke roop mein hai ke uchch pranaali drushtikon (badalkar ya jaroori naheen ki jaivik saamagri seedhe ka upayog karke) ke saath interfacing aur jeevit cheejon ke baare mein adhik upayog karne ke liye socha. jaiv vividhta par sanyukt raashtra sammelan jaiv praudyogiki ke roop mein paribhaashit karta hai: [1] "koi bhi praudyogikeeya anuprayog hai ki jaivik pranaaliyon, rahane vaale jeevon, ya uske derivative ka upayog karta hai, banaane ke liye ya vishisht prayog ke liye utpaad ya prakriyaaon ko sanshodhit." jaiv praudyogiki anya shabd "jeevan vigyaan ke kshetr mein vaigyaanik aur takaneeki pragati ke liye vyaavasaayik utpaadon ko viksit karne ka aavedan" mein hai. jaiv praudyogiki shuddh jaivik vigyaan (aanuvaanshiki, sookshm jeev vigyaan, pashu sel sanskruti, aanvik jeev vigyaan, jaiv rasaayan, bhroon vigyaan, koshika jeev vigyaan) aur kai maamalon mein milti bhi hai jeev vigyaan (rasaayan injeeniyri, baayoprosais engineering ke kshetr ke baahar se gyaan aur tareekon par nirbhar hai, soochana praudyogiki biorobotics). iske vipreet, aadhunik jeev vigyaan (sahit aanavik paaristhitiki ke roop mein bhi avadhaaranaaon) achhi tarah juda hua hai aur jaiv praudyogiki ke maadhyam se viksit vidhiyon par nirbhar hai aur aamtaur par jeevan vigyaan udyog ke roop mein ke baare mein socha hai kya. saamagri [chhipaane] 1 itihaas do aavedan 2.1 chikitsa 2.1.1 faarmaakojenomiks 2.1.2 aushadhi utpaadon 2.1.3 aanuvanshik pareekshan 2.1.3.1 vivaadaaspad savaal 2.1.4 jeen therepi 2.1.5 maanav jeenom pariyojana 2.1.6 ka kloning 2.2 krushi 2.2.1 fasal upaj 2.2.2 paryaavaran ko fasalon ke kam jokhim tanaav 2.2.3 vruddhi poshan gun 2.2.4 behtar svaad, banaavat ya bhojan ki upasthiti 2.2.5 urvarak, keetanaashakon aur anya agrochemicals par kam nirbharata fasal paudhon mein 2.2.6 upanyaas padaarthon ka utpaadan 2.2.7 eneemal baayotaiknolauji 2.2.8 aalochna 2.3 jaivik abhiyaantriki 2.4 bioremediation aur biodegradation 2.5 baayotaiknolauji niyam 2.6 shiksha 3 inhein bhi dekhein 4 sandarbh aur nots 5 iske atirikt pathan 6 baahari kadiyaan itihaas [sanpaadit karein]


pak jaiv praudyogiki ka ek praarambhik aavedan kiya gaya tha mukhya lekh: jaiv praudyogiki ka itihaas jaiv praudyogiki (baayomedikl engineering, jo bahut jaiv praudyogiki bhi shaamil hai) ke vipreet chikitsa svaasthya / aavedan karne ke liye seemit naheen hai. haalaanki jaiv praudyogiki ke roop mein saamaanya roop se naheen socha hai, spasht roop se krushi ka "ek jaiv praudyogiki pranaali ka upayog karne ke liye utpaadon ko banaane ke" is tarah ke paudhon ki kheti ke jald se jald jaiv praudyogiki udyam ke roop mein dekha ja sakta hai ki vyaapak paribhaasha fit baithata hai. krushi ki gayi hai navapaashaan kraanti ke baad se khaadya utpaadan ka pramukh raasta ban gaye hain theorized hai. prakriyaaon aur krushi ke tareekon apni sthaapana ke baad se anya yaantrik aur jaivik vigyaan ke dvaara kiya gaya parishkrut kiya hai. jaldi jaiv praudyogiki ke maadhyam se, kisaanon ke liye sabse upayukt fasalon ka chayan karne mein saksham the, sarvochch paidaavaar hone ke liye paryaapt ke liye ek badhti hui janasankhya samarthan khaadya utpaadan. jaiv praudyogiki ke anya upayog ke roop mein fasalon aur kheton teji se badi aur kathin banaae rakhane ke liye bane aavashyak the. vishisht jeevon aur utpaadon se jeev ko khaad, naaitrojan ko bahaal kiya gaya aur niyantran keeton. krushi ke upayog ke dauraan kisaanon anajaane unhein nae vaataavaran ko shuroo karne aur unhein anya paudhon jaiv praudyogiki ke pehle roopon mein se ek ek ke saath prajanan ke maadhyam se apni fasalon ki aanuvaanshiki badal diya. mesopotaamiya, misr aur Bhaarat mein un ke roop mein sanskruti chal biyr ki prakriya viksit ki hai. yeh abhi bhi malted anaaj (enjaaimon yukt) ka upayog karne ke liye cheeni mein anaaj se staarch badalne ka ek hi mool vidhi dvaara kiya jaata hai aur fir vishisht yeasts jodne ke liye biyr ka utpaadan. is prakriya mein anaaj mein kaarbohaaidret neeche ithenaul jaise alcohols mein toot gaya. praacheen bhaarateeya bhi sanyantr Ephedra vulgaris ke taral padaarth aur soma yeh phone istemaal kiya prayog kiya jaata [prashasti patra ki jaroorat] baad mein anya sanskrutiyon laiktik esid kinvan ki prakriya hai jo kinvan aur bhojan ke anya roopon ke sanrakshan ki anumati ka utpaadan kiya.. kinvan bhi is samay khmeeravaala roti utpaadan ki avadhi mein istemaal kiya gaya tha. yadyapi kinvan ki prakriya poori tarah se 1857 mein hai paashchar kaam jab tak samajh mein naheen tha, yeh abhi bhi jaiv praudyogiki ke pehle prayog ke liye ek aur roop mein ek khaadya srot badal raha hai. hajaaron saal ke liye, maanav chayanaatmak prajanan ka istemaal kiya hai fasalon ke utpaadan aur pashuon ko behtar banaane ke liye unhein bhojan ke liye upayog karein. chayanaatmak prajanan mein, vaanchhaneeya visheshataaon ke saath jeevon mein ek hi visheshataaon ke saath vansh upaj mated rahe hain. udaaharan ke liye, is takaneek ko makai ke saath prayog kiya gaya tha sabse bada aur madhur fasalon ka utpaadan. [2] praarambhik beesaveen sadi mein vaigyaaniko sookshmajeevavijnyaaan aur vishisht utpaadon ke vinirmaan ke tareeke ka pata lagaaya ka ek bada samajh haasil ki. 1917 mein, Chaim Weizmann pehle ek audyogik prakriya mein ek shuddh sookshmajeevavijnyaaani sanskruti karte the, ki vinirmaan makai klostreediym acetobutylicum upayog staarch ki, eseeton, jo United kingadam sakht vishv yudgh [3] dauraan visfotakon ke nirmaan ki jaroorat hai nirmaan karne ke liye jaiv praudyogiki bhi enteebaayotik davaaon ke vikaas ke liye netrutv kiya gaya hai. 1928 mein, alekjeindar fleming dhaalana penisiliym ki khoj ki. apne kaam haavard flore, arnast boris chen aur naurman keemat: $ penisilin se enteebaayotik ki shuddhi ke liye netrutv kiya. 1940 mein, penisilin aushadheeya liye maanav mein baikteeriyl sankraman ke ilaaj ke istemaal ke liye upalabdh ho gaya. [2] aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke kshetr mein bade paimaane par 16 June 1980, par shuroo ho gaya hai socha hai jab amareeka ke Supreme court ne kaha hai ki ek aanuvaanshik roop se parishkrut sookshmajeev daayamand banaam chakravarti [4]. Bhaarat mein janme aanand chakravarti ke maamale mein peteint karaaya ja sakta hai, general ilektrik ke liye kaam kar, ek jeevaanu (Pseudomonas jeenas se vyutpann) neeche kachche tel, jo vah tel fail upachaar mein upayog prastaavit todne mein saksham viksit ki thi. udyog mein raajasv ke liye 2008 mein 12.9% ki vruddhi hone ki ummeed hai. ek aur jaiv praudyogiki kshetr ki safalta ko prabhaavit kaarak bauddhik sanpada adhikaar kaanoon sudhaar hua hai aur pravartan, duniya bhar mein hai, saath hi chikitsa aur dava ke liye ek umr badhne ke saath nipatne ke utpaadon ke liye majaboot maang aur beemaar, America ki aabaadi. [5] jaiv indhan ke liye badhti maang ke liye jaiv praudyogiki kshetr ke liye achhi khabar ho, ithenaul ke upayog ka aakalan oorja vibhaag ke saath America ke petrolium vyutpann indhan ki khapat se 30% tak 2030 se kam kar sakta hai ummeed hai. jaiv praudyogiki kshetr mein America ki kheti udyog ki anumati di hai teji mein makka aur soyaabeen-mukhya aadaanon ki iski aapoorti badhaane jaiv indhan, aanuvaanshik roop se parishkrut beejon jo keetanaashak aur sookhe ki pratirodhi rahe hain viksit karke. krushi utpaadakata badhaane ke dvaara, jaiv praudyogiki ki jaiv indhan ke utpaadan lakshya ko sunishchit karne mein ek mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaata mulaakaat ki. jaata hai [6] aavedan [sanpaadit karein]


ek sanyantr hai ki koshikaaon mein ek ootak mein ho sanskruti lage gulaab jaiv praudyogiki chaar svaasthya (chikitsa) ki dekhbhaal, fasal utpaadan aur krushi, gair khaadya sahit pramukh audyogik kshetron, (audyogik) fasalon aur anya utpaadon (biodegradable plastic, vanaspati tel, jaiv indhan jaise) ka upayog karta hai aur paryaavaran ka upayog karta hai mein aavedan kiya hai. udaaharan ke liye, jaiv praudyogiki ke ek aavedan jaivik utpaadon ke vinirmaan ke liye jeevon ke nirdesh istemaal hota hai (udaaharan biyr aur doodh utpaadon mein shaamil hain). ek anya udaaharan bioleaching mein khanan udyog dvaara svaabhaavik roop se maujood baikteeriya upayog kar raha hai. jaiv praudyogiki bhi reesaayakal karne ke liye, apashisht upachaar, oopar audyogik gatividhiyon se dooshit saaits svachh (bioremediation) aur bhi jaivik hathiyaaron ka utpaadan kiya jaata hai. praapt padon ki ek shrrunkhala ke liye jaiv praudyogiki ki kai shaakhaaon ko pahachaanane gaya gadha hai, udaaharan ke liye: baayoinafauramaitiks ek ant:vishya kshetr hai jo jaivik samasyaaon kampyooteshanal takaneekon ka upayog kar pate hai aur teji se sangathan aur jaivik sambhav deta ka vishleshan karta hai. kshetr ke roop mein bhi kampyooteshanal jeev vigyaan mein bheja ja sakta hai aur ke roop mein paribhaashit kiya ja sakta hai "anu ke sandarbh mein jeev vigyaan conceptualizing aur fir soochana takaneek ko samajhne ki aur in anuon se jude ek bade paimaane par soochana, sangathit aavedan." [7] baayoinafauramaitiks kaaryaatmak jeenomiks, sanrachanaatmak jeenomiks aur protiomiks ke roop mein vibhinn kshetron mein ek mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaata hai aur jaiv praudyogiki aur dava ke kshetr mein ek pramukh ghatak roopon. blue jaiv praudyogiki ke liye ek shabd hai ki jaiv praudyogiki ke samudri aur jaleeya aavedanon ka varnan karne mein istemaal kiya gaya hai, lekin iske prayog apekshaakrut durlabh hai. green jaiv praudyogiki krushi jaiv praudyogiki prakriya ke liye aavedan kiya hai. ek udaaharan aur sookshm prajanan ke maadhyam se paudhon ki paataloo chayan kiya jaaega. ek anya udaaharan ke traansajinik paudhon ki dijaaining ke liye rasaayanon ki upasthiti (ya anupasthiti) mein vishisht vaataavaran mein badh raha hai. ek aasha hai ki hari jaiv praudyogiki paramparaagat audyogik krushi se jyaada paryaavaran ke anukool samaadhaan ka utpaadan ho sakta hai. is ka ek udaaharan ke liye ek keetanaashak vyakt sanyantr, jisse keetanaashakon ki baahari aavedan karne ki aavashyakta samaapt hone ke injeeniyri hai. is ka ek udaaharan beeti makai ki jaaegi. chaahe ya naheen is ke roop mein hari jaiv praudyogiki utpaadon ko aur adhik antat: paryaavaran ke anukool hain kaafi bahas ka vishay hai. laal jaiv praudyogiki chikitsa prakriyaaon par laagoo hai. kuchh udaaharan jeevon ki design kar rahe hain ke liye enteebaayotik davaaon ka utpaadan aur aanuvanshik herafer ke maadhyam se aanuvanshik ilaaj ke engineering. white jaiv praudyogiki, bhi audyogik jaiv praudyogiki ke roop mein jaana, audyogik prakriyaaon ke liye aavedan kiya jaiv praudyogiki hai. ek udaaharan ek ke liye ek upayogi rasaayan ka utpaadan jeev ki dijaaining hai. ek anya udaaharan enjaaimon ka upayog kar ke roop mein audyogik utprerak bhi moolyavaan rasaayanon ka utpaadan karne ke liye ya khatarnaak / pradooshak rasaayan nasht kar raha hai. white jaiv praudyogiki ke liye paaramparik ko audyogik maal ka utpaadan kiya jaata prakriyaaon se sansaadhanon mein kam khapat karta hai [prashasti patra ki jaroorat] nivesh aur laagoo jaiv praudyogiki ke in prakaar ke sabhi ke aarthik utpaadan hai bioeconomy ke roop mein kaha.. dava [sanpaadit karein] dava mein, aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki jaise kshetron mein aavedanon ke roop mein paata hai honahaar dava utpaadan faarmaakojenomiks jeen therepi aanuvanshik (ya aanuvanshik screening) ka pareekshan aanvik jeev vigyaan mein takaneek aanuvaanshik rogon ka pata lagaane. ko daaun sindrom, amniocentesis aur chorionic ankur namoona lene ke liye vikaasasheel bhroon pareekshan kiya jaana hai. [2] ka upayog kar sakte hain faarmaakojenomiks [sanpaadit karein]


DNA maaikroere chip - kuchh ek hi baar mein ke roop mein ek lakh se rakt pareekshan ke roop mein kai kar sakte hain mukhya lekh: faarmaakojenomiks faarmaakojenomiks kaise ek vyakti ki aanuvanshik viraasat usaki / uske shareer ki davaaon ke javaab ko prabhaavit karta hai ke adhyayan hai. yeh ek gadha shabd aushadh vigyaan aur jeenomiks se vyutpann shabd hai. yeh isliye faarmaasyootikls aur aanuvanshiki ke beech sambandhon ka adhyayan hai. faarmaakojenomiks ki drushti se design karne ke liye aur davaaon hai ki pratyek vyakti ki aanuvanshik mekaap karne ke liye anukoolit kar rahe hain utpaadan mein saksham hona hai. [8] nimnalikhit laabh mein faarmaakojenomiks parinaam: [8] darji nirmit davaaon ka vikaas. faarmaakojenomiks ka prayog, dava companiyon ke proteen, enjaaimon aur shaahi sena anu hai ki vishisht jeen aur beemaariyon ke saath jude rahe hain par aadhaarit davaaon bana sakte hain. in darji nirmit davaaon keval upachaaraatmak prabhaav ko adhiktam karne ka vaada naheen, balki nuksaan paas ke svasth koshikaaon ko kam karne ke liye. upayukt dava dosages ka nirdhaaran karne ke aur adhik sateek tareeke. ek mareej ki aanuvanshiki ko jaanane doctoron nirdhaarit karne ke liye kitni achhi tarah usaki / uske shareer ki prakriya aur ek dava metabolize sakta hai saksham ho jaaega. is dava ke moolya ko adhiktam aur jyaada ki sambhaavana kam ho jaaegi. davaaon ki khoj aur anumodan prakriya mein sudhaar. sambhaavit upachaaron ki khoj aasaan lakshya jeenom ka upayog kiya jaaega. jeen kai rogon aur beemaariyon ke saath sambaddh kiya gaya hai. aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke saath, in jeenon prabhaavi nae upachaaron ka, jo kaafi davaaon ki khoj prakriya ko kam kar sakta ke vikaas ke liye lakshya ke roop mein istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. behtar teeke. surakshit teekon aur design kiya ja sakta jenetik engineering ke maadhyam se badal jeevon dvaara utpaadan kiya. in teekon ke sankraman ke jokhim ke bina parichr pratirksha pratikriya prakaash mein laana hoga. ve sasti hai, sthir hona, aasaani se dukaan hai aur kiya ja raha hai ek baar mein rogajnak ke kai upabhedon le engineer karne mein saksham hogi. dava utpaadon [sanpaadit karein]


insulin tiguna samaroopata ujaagar hexamers computer janit chhavi, jasta ise pakad ek saath aayanon aur jasta histadeen bandhan mein shaamil avashesh. adhikaansh paaramparik dava davaaon apekshaakrut saral anu hai ki pareekshan aur truti ke maadhyam se kiya gaya hai mukhya roop se paaya karne ke liye ek rog ya beemaari ke lakshanon ka upachaar kar rahe hain [prashasti patra ki jaroorat] biopharmaceuticals bade jaivik proteen aur in aamtaur par antarnihit tantr aur ek ke raaste mein lakshya ke roop mein jaana anu hote hain. rog (lekin hamesha naheen, ke roop mein insulin ka upayog karne ke type 1 madhumeh ke ilaaj ke maamale mein hai, ke roop mein hai ki upachaar keval, antarnihit kaaran jo autoimmunity naheen hai rog ke lakshan pate), yeh ek apekshaakrut yuva udyog hai. ve manushya hai ki paramparaagat davaaiyon se sulabh naheen ho sakta hai mein lakshya ke saath sauda kar sakte hain. ek rogi aamtaur par ek goli ke maadhyam se ek chhota sa anu ke saath dosed hai, jabki ek bade anu aamtaur ant:kshipt hai. chhote anuon rasaayan lekin bada hai maanav shareer mein paae jaane vaale ke roop mein jeevit koshikaaon ke dvaara banaai gayi anuon dvaara nirmit kar rahe hain: udaaharan ke liye, baikteeriya koshikaaon, khameer koshikaaon, jaanavar ya sanyantr koshikaaon. aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki aksar E. kolaai ya sinthetik insulin ya enteebaayotik davaaon jaise padaarthon ke utpaadan ke liye khameer ke roop mein aanuvanshik roop se parivrtit sookshmajeevon ke upayog ke saath juda hua hai. yeh bhi traansajenik jaanvaron ya beeti makka ke roop mein traansajenik paudhon, ka ullekh kar sakte hain. aanuvanshik roop se parivrtit cheeni hamsatar andaashaya ke roop mein stanadhaari koshikaaon, koshikaaon (CHO), bhi karne ke liye kuchh davaaiyon ka nirmaan kiya jaata hai. ek aur honahaar naya jaiv praudyogiki aavedan sanyantr banaaya faarmaasyootikls ke vikaas hai. jaiv praudyogiki bhi saamaanyat: nae chikitsa upachaaron mein meal ka patthar breakthroughs ke saath jude ko hepetaaitis bi, hepetaaitis si, Cancer, gathiya, heemofeeliya, asthi bhang, ekaadhik kaathinya aur hrudaya rogon ka ilaaj. jaiv praudyogiki udyog bhi aanavik naidaanik ​a​aupakaranon hai ki ek diya biopharmaceutical ka lakshya rogi janasankhya ko paribhaashit kiya ja sakta hai viksit karne mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaai hai. Herceptin, udaaharan ke liye tha, pehli dava ek mel naidaanik ​a​apareekshan ke saath prayog ke liye manjoori de di hai aur mahilaaon ko Cancer koshikaaon jiska proteen HER2 vyakt mein stan Cancer ka ilaaj karte the. aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke liye maujooda davaaon apekshaakrut aasaani se aur saste mein nirmaan kiya ja sakta. pehla aanuvaanshik engineering utpaadon ke liye maanav rogon ke ilaaj ke liye dijaain davaaen the. ek udaaharan adaalat mein talab karne ke liye, 1978 mein ek Genentech plaajmid jeevaanu Escherichia kolaai mein daala sadish ke saath apne jeen mein shaamil hone se sinthetik humanized insulin ka vikaas kiya. insulin, vyaapak roop se madhumeh ke ilaaj ke liye upayog kiya hai, pehle se vadhashaala jaanvaron (pashu aur / ya sooar) ke agnyaashaya se nikaala gaya tha. parinaamasvaroop anuvaanshik engineer jeevaanu apekshaakrut kam keemat par sinthetik maanav insulin ki vishaal maatra ke utpaadan ke liye saksham [9] ek 2003 ke liye upayog aur iske sadasya deshon mein insulin ki upalabdhata par antarraashtreeya madhumeh federation (aaideeef) dvaara kiye gaye adhyayan ke anusaar., sinthetik 'maanav' insulin kaafi adhik adhikaansh deshon mein jahaaain donon sinthetik 'maanav' aur pashu insulin vyaavasaayik taur par upalabdh mein mahanga hai: udaaharan E d f, Europeeya deshon ke bheetar krutrim 'maanav' insulin ki ausat keemat do baar ke roop pork insulin ki. [10] apni sthiti bayaan mein abhi tak keemat ke roop mein uchch tha likhta hai ki "vahaaain koi bhaari doosare par insulin ki ek prajaati pasand saboot hai "aur" [aadhunik, uchch shutth] pashu insulin ek bilkul sveekaarya vikalp rahate hain. [11] aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki viksit ki hai jisse yeh sambhav adhik aasaani se aur apekshaakrut saste mein maanav vikaas haarmon, hemophiliacs, prajanan davaaon, erythropoietin aur anya davaaon ke liye thakke kaarak nirmaan karne ke liye [12] aaj jyaadaatar davaaon. baare mein 500 aanavik lakshya par aadhaarit hain. rog, beemaari raaste aur dava ki pratikriya saaiton mein shaamil jeenon ka jeenomik gyaan ke liye hajaaron ki khoj aur adhik nae lakshya ke liye netrutv [12] ki ummeed hai. aanuvanshik pareekshan [sanpaadit karein]


jail vaidyutakanasanchalan aanuvanshik pareekshan DNA anu ke hi pratyaksh pareeksha shaamil hai. ek vaigyaanik ek mareej utparivrtit drushyon ke liye DNA namoone scan. vahaaain jeen pareekshan ke do pramukh prakaar hain. pehle prakaar mein, ek shodhakarta DNA ke chhote tukade ("jaanch") drushyon jiska utparivrtit anukram ke poorak hain design kar sakte hain. in jaanch unke ek vyakti ki jeenom ke aadhaar jode ke beech mein poorak ki talaash kareinge. agar utparivrtit anukram mareej jeenom mein maujood hai, jaanch aur yeh dhvaj parivartan karne ke liye baadhya hoga. doosare prakaar mein, ek shodhakarta svasth vyaktiyon ya unke vanshaj mein rog ke liye ek rogi ke jeen mein DNA addon mein se ek anukram ki tulana dvaara jeen pareekshan kar sakte hain. aanuvanshik pareekshan ke liye ab prayog kiya jaata hai: vaahak screening, ya aprabhaavit vyaktiyon, jo ek rog hai ki prakat karne ke liye rog ke liye do pratiyon ki aavashyakta ke liye ek jeen ki ek prati le jaane ki pehchaan; rogasoochak vyaktiyon ke Confirmational nidaan; ling nirdhaaran; foreinsik / pehchaan pareekshan; navajaat screening; janm ke poorv ka nidaan screening; vikaasasheel vayask shuruaat ke Cancer ke jokhim ke aakalan ke liye Presymptomatic pareekshan; vayask shuruaat vikaaron ki bhavishyavaani ke liye Presymptomatic pareekshan. kuchh aanuvanshik pareekshan pehle se hi upalabdh hain, haalaanki unamein se jyaadaatar viksit deshon mein kiya jaata hai. vartamaan pareekshan upalabdh sistik faaibrosis, sikl sel eneemiya ki tarah durlabh aanuvanshik vikaar ke saath jude myooteshan ka pata lagaane sakta hai aur hai Huntington rog. haal hi mein, pareekshan ke liye stan dimbagranthi, jaise aur adhik jatil paristhitiyon aur pet ke Cancer ka ek mutthi ke liye utparivrtan ka pata lagaane ke viksit kiya gaya hai. haalaanki, jeen pareekshan har kisi vishesh shart ke saath sambaddh hai kyonki kai ke roop mein abhi tak anadekha kar rahe hain utparivrtan ka pata naheen laga aur logon ko ve karte hain aur alag alag logon ki aabaadi ko alag jokhim maujood ho sakta hai pata lagaane ke liye kar sakte hain. [12] vivaadaaspad savaal [sanpaadit karein]


jeevaanu Escherichia kolaai niyamit aanuvanshik roop se engineer hai. adhikaansh deshon mein gopaneeyata aur bhedabhaav virodhi kaanooni suraksha ka abhaav rojagaar ya beema ya vyaktigat aanuvanshik jaankaari ka anya upayog mein bhedabhaav karne ke liye netrutv kar sakte hain. yeh hai ki kya aanuvaanshik gopaneeyata chikitsa gopaneeyata se alag hai ke roop mein savaal uthata hai. [13] prajanan muddon. in prajanan nirnaya lene mein aanuvanshik jaankaari ka upayog karein aur aanuvanshik roop se prajanan koshikaaon hai ki bhaavi peedhi ko paarit ho sakta hai ferabadal ki sambhaavana shaamil hain. udaaharan ke liye, chikitsa parivartan germline aanuvanshik ek vyakti ki santaan ke oopar hai. is prakaar, praudyogiki ya faisale mein kisi bhi truti ke dooragaami parinaam ho (yadyapi ek hi bhi praakrutik prajanan ke maadhyam se ho sakta hai) ho sakta hai. naitik muddon bachchon ko taiyaar karna aur maanav kloning bhi vivaadon ko janm diya hai aur ke beech vaigyaanik aur jeevavijnyaaan ke neetishaastri beech yujaniks ke saath pichhle gaali (reductio vigyaapan hitlerum dekhein) ke prakaash mein vishesh roop se diya hai. naidaanik ​a​amuddon. kshamataaon aur doctoron ki seemaaon aur anya svaasthya seva pradaataaon, aanuvanshik sthitiyon ke saath ki pehchaan logon ko aur aanuvanshik jaankaari se nipatne ke liye aam janta par ye kendra. saamaajik sansthaaon par prabhaav. aanuvanshik pareekshan ke vyaktiyon aur unke parivaaron ke baare mein jaankaari prakat karte hain. is prakaar, pareeksha parinaam saamaajik sansthaaon, vishesh roop se parivaar ke bheetar ki gatisheelata ko prabhaavit kar sakte hain. vaichaarik aur daarshanik nihitaarth maanav jimmedaari ke baare mein, mukt tulana-jaaega ek aanuvanshik niytatvavaad tulana aur svaasthya aur rog ki avadhaaranaaon-. jeen therepi [sanpaadit karein] mukhya lekh: jeen therepi


jeen ek adenovirus sadish ka upayog chikitsa. ek nae jeen ek adenovirus vektar, jo ek maanav koshika mein DNA sanshodhit pesh kiya jaata hai mein daala jaata hai. yadi upachaar safal hota hai, nae jeen ek kaaryaatmak proteen kar dega. jeen therepi ilaaj, ya yahaaain tak ki ilaaj, saamaanya jeen ka upayog karne ke liye poorak ya doshapoorn jeen ki jagah ya karne ke liye pratirksha ke roop mein ek saamaanya samaaroh cylinder se Cancer aur eds jaisi beemaariyon ke aanuvaanshik aur adhigrahan ke liye istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. yeh karne ke liye (yaani, shareer) daihik ya (yaani, ande aur shukraanu) gametes ki koshikaaon ko lakshit kiya ja sakta. daihik jeen therepi mein, praaptakarta ka jeenom badal raha hai, lekin is badlaav ke saath agali peedhi ko paarit naheen hai. iske vipreet, germline jeen therepi mein, maata pita ke ande aur shukraanu koshikaaon apni santaanon ke liye parivartan par paarit karne ke prayojan ke liye badal rahe hain. vahaaain moolat: ek jeen chikitsa upachaar laagoo karne ke do tareeke hain: poorv vivo, jo "shareer se baahar" ka arth hai - rogi ke rakt ya asthi majja ki koshikaaen nikaal rahe hain aur prayogashaala mein ho. ve to ek vaanchhit jeen le virus ke sampark mein hain. virus koshikaaon mein pravesh karti hai aur vaanchhit jeen koshikaaon ke DNA ka hissa ban jaata hai. koshikaaon ko injekshan dvaara kiya ja raha ek nas mein rogi ko laut se pehle prayogashaala mein badhne ki anumati hai. koi koshikaaon rogi ke shareer se hata rahe hain - vivo, jo "shareer ke andar 'ka arth mein. iske bajaay, vaiktar karne ke liye rogi ke shareer mein koshikaaon ko vaanchhit jeen vitrit kiya jaata hai. June 2001 ke roop mein, 500 se adhik naidaanik ​a​ajeen therepi ke baare mein 3,500 mareejon ko shaamil pareekshan duniya bhar mein pehchaan ki gayi hai. in ke 78% ke lagbhag sanyukt raajya America mein Europe 18% hone ke saath hain. in pareekshanon ke Cancer ke vibhinn prakaaron par dhyaan dete hain, haalaanki anya multigenic rogon ke roop mein achhi tarah se adhyayan kiya ja raha hai. haal hi mein, do gambhir sanyukt imyoono vikaar ("SCID") ke saath paida hue bachchon ke liye kiya ja raha anuvaanshik engineer koshikaaon ke baad di ilaaj kiya gaya hai soochit kiya gaya. . jeen therepi kai baadhaaon ka saamana karne se pehle yeh beemaari ke ilaaj ke liye ek vyaavahaarik drushtikon ho sakta hai [13] kam se kam in baadhaaon ke chaar prakaar hain: jeen delivery upakaran. jeen jeen vaahak ka upayog kar shareer mein daala jaata hai vaiktar kaha jaata hai. sabse aam vaiktar ab virus, jo encapsulating aur ek rogajanak dhang se maanav koshikaaon ko apne jeen pahunchaane ka ek tareeka viksit kiya hai. vaigyaaniko rog ke kaaran jeen ko hataane aur chikitseeya jeen daalne se virus ke jeenom mein herafer. haalaanki, jabki virus prabhaavi rahe hain, ve vishaaktata, pratirksha aur bhadkaaoo pratikriyaaon ki tarah, samasyaaon aur jeen niyantran aur lakshyeekaran muddon milva sakta hai. iske alaava, jeen ko sthaayi upachaaraatmak prabhaav pradaan karne ke liye chikitsa ke kram mein, shuroo ki jeen ko mejabaan jeenom koshika ke bheetar ekeekrut ki jaroorat hai. ek yaadruchhik fashion, jo ek antarjaat mejabaan jeen ke vightan ke roop mein anya samasyaaon ko laagoo kar sakte mein kuchh vaayaral vaiktar prabhaav yeh. uchch laagat. choonki jeen therepi apekshaakrut naya hai aur prayog ke star par hai, yeh ek mahanga karne ki upachaar hai. is vajah vartamaan adhyayan saamaanyat: viksit deshon mein, jahaaain adhik logon ko ilaaj ke liye paise kharch kar sakte mein paaya beemaariyon par dhyaan keindrit kar rahe hain. yeh dashakon lene se pehle vikaasasheel deshon mein is takaneek ka laabh le sakte hain. jeenon ke kaaryon ka seemit gyaan. vaigyaaniko vartamaan mein keval kuchh jeenon ke kaaryon ka pata hai. isliye, jeen therepi keval kuchh jeen hai ki kisi vishesh beemaari ka kaaran pata kar sakte hain. isse bhi badatar, yeh theek se gyaat naheen hai ki kya jeen ek se adhik kaarya hai, jo ki kya is tarah jeen ki jagah vaastav mein vaanchhaneeya hai ke roop mein anishchitta paida karta hai. bahujeeneeya vikaaron aur paryaavaran ka prabhaav. sabse aanuvanshik vikaaron ek se adhik jeen shaamil hai. iske alaava, jyaadaatar beemaariyon kai jeen aur paryaavaran ki baatcheet shaamil hai. udaaharan ke liye, Cancer ke saath kai logon ko na keval vikaar ke liye rog jeen vaaris hai, lekin yeh bhi vishisht tyoomar shaman jeen vaaris hai asafal ho sakta hai. aahaar, vyaayaam, dhoomrapaan aur anya paryaavaraneeya kaarakon ko bhi apne rog mein yogadaan kar sakte hain. maanav jeenom pariyojana [sanpaadit karein]


DNA maanav jeenom pariyojana (HGP) se nakal chhavi maanav jeenom pariyojana America ke oorja vibhaag (deeoi) hai ki ek uchch gunavatta vaale poore maanav jeenom anukram utpann karne ke liye sandarbh aur sabhi maanav jeenon ki pehchaan karna hai ki ek pahal hai. Doe aur apne poorvavarti agencyon ameriki Congress dvaara saunpa gaya tha karne ke liye nai oorja sansaadhanon aur praudyogikiyon ke vikaas aur sambhaavit svaasthya aur paryaavaran unke utpaadan aur upayog se utpann khataron ka ek gahari samajh ka peechha. 1986 mein, do iske maanav jeenom pahal ki ghoshana ki. sheegra hi, Doe aur svaasthya ke raashtreeya sansthaanon ke ek sanyukt maanav jeenom ("HGP") pariyojana hai, jo sarkaari taur par 1990 mein shuroo hua ke liye ek yojana viksit ki hai. HGP moolat: pichhle 15 varshon ke liye yojana banaai thi. haalaanki, teji se takaneeki vikaas aur duniya bhar mein bhaageedaari 2003 (ek 13 saal pariyojana ise banaane) ke poora hone ki taareekh tvarit. pehle se hi yeh saksham hai jeen shikaari 30 se adhik beemaariyon ke saath jude jeen ingit karne ke liye. [14] kloning [sanpaadit karein] mukhya lekh: kloning kloning ek kaksh se naabhik ko hataane aur ek anda sel naabhik unfertilized jinki ya to nishkriya kar ya hata diya gaya mein apni niyukti shaamil hai. vahaaain kloning ke do prakaar hain: kloning prajanan. kuchh diveejanon ke baad, anda sel ek garbhaashaya jahaan yeh ek bhroon hai ki aanuvanshik mool naabhik ka daata ke samaan hai mein viksit karne ki anumati di hai mein rakha gaya hai. chikitsakeeya [15] anda ek petri dish hai jahaaain yeh bhroon stem sel, jo kai beemaariyon ke ilaaj ke liye kshamata se pata chala hai mein viksit mein rakha gaya hai. kloning. [16] February 1997 mein, kloning media ka dhyaan ka dhyaan keindrit ho gaya jab Ian Wilmut aur Roslin sansthaan mein unke sahayogiyon ne ek bhed ki safal kloning, dauli ek vayask mahila ke stan granthiyon se, naam ki ghoshana ki. dauli ki kloning ke kai karne ke liye yeh spasht kiya hai ki takaneek ka nirmaan karne ke liye use kisi din ko manushya klon kiya ja sakta hai istemaal kiya. [17] yeh apni naitik prabhaav ki vajah se vivaad ka ek bahut hadkanp mach gaya. krushi [sanpaadit karein] mukhya lekh: aanuvanshik roop se sanshodhit khaadya fasal ki upaj [sanpaadit karein] aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke takaneekon ka prayog, ek ya do jeen (Smartstax monaseinto se dauv AgroSciences ke saath sahayog mein 8 upayog, 2010 mein shuroo kiya jaaega) ek uchch viksit fasal vividhta ko hastaantarit kiya ja sakta hai ke liye ek nae charitra hai ki iski upaj mein vruddhi hogi pradaan [18. ] haalaanki, jabki fasal ki upaj mein vruddhi krushi mein aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ka sabse spasht aavedan kar rahe hain, yeh bhi sabse kathin ek hai. vartamaan jenetik engineering takaneek prabhaav hai ki ek jeen dvaara niyantrit kar rahe hain ke liye sabse achha kaam karte hain. aanuvanshik upaj (jaise, badhaaya vikaas) ke saath jude visheshataaon ke kai jeenon ki ek badi sankhya, jinmein se pratyek ki kul upaj par ek nyoonatam prabhaav hai dvaara niyantrit kar rahe hain [19] vahaaain, isliye hai, jyaada vaigyaanik kaarya mein kiya jaaega. is kshetr. paryaavaran ko fasalon ke kam jokhim [sanpaadit karein] tanaavon jeen hai ki unhein jhelne ke liye jaivik aur abiotic viksit kiya ja sakta hai saksham ho jaaega tanaav yukt fasalein. udaaharan ke liye, sookha aur jaroorat se jyaada namakeen mitti do fasal utpaadakata mein mahatvapoorn seemit kaarak hain. Biotechnologists paudhon hai ki in charam sthitiyon ke saath jeen hai ki unhein aisa karne ke liye aur ant mein adhik vaanchhaneeya fasalon ko in jeenon ke hastaantaran ko saksham paane ki aasha mein saamana kar sakte hain padh rahe hain. ek naveenatam ghatnaaon ka ek sanyantr jeen ki pehchaan hai, par-DBF2 Arabidopsis thaliana, ek chhote se saaf hai ki aksar sanyantr anusandhaan ke liye prayog kiya jaata hai kyonki yeh bahut aasaan ho jaana hai aur iski aanuvanshik code achhi tarah se baahar pratichitrit hai se. jab is jeen tamaatar aur tanbaakoo ki koshikaaon mein daala gaya tha (aaraenae hastakshep dekhein), koshikaaon ke liye paryaavaran ko jhelne mein saksham the namak, sookha, sardi aur garmi ki tarah jor diya hai, ab tak saadhaaran koshikaaon ki tulana mein adhik hai. yadi in praarambhik parinaam bade pareekshan mein safal saabit ho, to kam-DBF2 jeen engineering fasalon ki behtar kathor vaataavaran ka saamana kar sakte mein madad kar sakta hai [20] shodhakarta. traansajenik bhi chaaval paudhon hai ki chaaval peele booti virus (RYMV) ke liye pratirodhi rahe hain banaaya hai. Africa mein, is virus chaaval ki fasalon ki bahumat ko nasht kar aur jeevit paudhe adhik fangal sankraman ke liye atisanvedanasheel banaata hai. [21] poshan gunon mein vruddhi [sanpaadit karein] khaadya padaarthon mein proteen ke liye unke poshan gunon mein vruddhi sanshodhit kiya ja sakta hai. faliyaan aur anaaj mein proteen ameeno ko ek santulit aahaar ke liye manushya dvaara ki jaroorat esid pradaan tabdeel kiya ja sakta hai [19] ek achha udaaharan golden chaaval (neeche) par charcha banaane mein professor Ingo Potrykus aur Peter beyar ka kaam hai.. behtar svaad, banaavat ya bhojan ki upasthiti [sanpaadit karein] aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke liye neeche ki fal bahut nuksaan ki prakriya ko dheema sanyantr par ab pakaana kar sakte hain aur tab ek abhi bhi uchit shelf jeevan ke saath upabhokta ke liye le jaaya jaaega istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. yeh svaad, banaavat aur fal ka svaroop badal. adhik mahatvapoorn baat, yeh vikaasasheel deshon mein kisaanon ko nuksaan mein kami ke kaaran ke liye baajaar ka vistaar kar sakte hain. haalaanki, vahaaain kabhi kabhi vikaasasheel deshon mein sambhaavit laabhaarthiyon ki vaastavik jarooraton ke baare mein viksit deshon mein shodhakartaaon ne samajh ki kami hai. udaaharan ke liye, engineering soyaabeen nuksaan virodh karne ke liye unhein kam tempeh jo proteen ka ek mahatvapoorn srot hai ki kinvan par nirbhar karta hai ke utpaadan ke liye upayukt banaata hai. ek dheledaar banaavat hai ki kam svaadisht aur kam jab khaana pakaane suvidhaajanak hai mein sanshodhit soyaabeen parinaam ka upayog karein. pehla aanuvaanshik roop se parishkrut khaadya utpaad ek tamaatar jo vartamaan mein nautingham aur Zeneca ke vishvavidyaalaya ke saath sahayog mein deri-pakane papeeta par kaam kar apni pakane. Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, fileepeens aur viytanaam mein [22] shodhakartaaon deri tabdeel ho gaya tha [. 23] paneer utpaadan mein jaiv praudyogiki: - ek kauyagulaant paneer - paneer aur nirmaataaon ke liye ek vaikalpik aapoorti [24] sookshm jeevon dvaara nirmit enjaaimon pashu jaaman ke liye ek vikalp pradaan karte hain. yeh bhi jaanavar vyutpann saamagri ke saath sambhav saarvajanik chintaaon ko samaapt, haalaanki vahaaain vartamaan mein koi sinthetik doodh ka vikaas, is prakaar yeh tark bhi kam prabhaavashaali banaane ki yojana hai. enjaaimon ek pashu ke anukool pashu jaaman ke liye vikalp pradaan karte hain. tulaneeya gunavatta pradaan karte hue ve saiddhaantik roop se bhi kam mahange hain. gehoon ke aate ke baare mein 85 million tan prati varsh kiya jaata hai ke liye roti seinkana ek enjaaim bulaaya jodne ke liye aata maltogenic amylase karke. [25], bred navasikhuaa ab rahata hai. yeh sochate hain ki roti ke 10-15% ke roop mein door baasi feink diya hai, agar yeh karne ke liye taaja ek aur 5-7 to din prati varsh aata ke 2 lakh tan shaayad bach jaaega rahane diya ja sakta hai. anya enjaaimon roti paida karne ke liye ek laaitar paav roti banaane ke vistaar, ya tareekon ki ek shreni mein paav roti badal sakta hai. urvarak, keetanaashakon aur anya agrochemicals par kam nirbharata [sanpaadit karein] krushi ke kshetr mein aadhunik jaiv praudyogiki ke vartamaan vyaavasaayik anuprayogon ke adhikaansh agrochemicals par kisaanon ki nirbharata ko kam karne par hain. udaaharan ke liye, dandaanu thuringiensis (beeti) ek mitti jeevaanu ki keetanaashak gunon ke saath ek proteen paida karta hai. paramparaagat roop se, ek kinvan prakriya ke liye in baikteeriya se ek keetanaashak spray ka utpaadan kiya gaya hai. is roop mein, beeti vish ek nishkriya protoxin hai, jo ek keet se paachan ki aavashyakta ke liye prabhaavi hoga roop mein hota hai. vahaaain kai beeti toxins hain aur har ek nishchit lakshya keedon ke liye vishisht hai. fasal paudhon ab hote hain aur beeti vish ke liye jeen hai, jo ve apni sakriya roop mein utpaadan vyakt kiya hai engineer kiya gaya hai. jab ek atisanvedanasheel keet traansajenik beeti fasal proteen vyakt cultivar ingests, yeh bhojan aur band ho jaata hai uske baad jald hi beeti apni aant ki deevaar ke liye baadhya vish ka ek parinaam ke roop mein mar jaata hai. beeti makai ab makai (ek lepidopteran keet) chhidrak, (ek aur adhik kathin prakriya), jo anyatha chhidkaav dvaara niyantrit kiya jaata hai niyantran deshon ki sankhya mein vyaavasaayik roop se upalabdh hai. fasal bhi aanuvanshik roop diya gaya hai karne ke liye vyaapak spectrum ke liye herbicide sahanasheelata praapt engineer. vyaapak spectrum gatividhi hai aur koi fasal ki chot ke saath herbicides ke abhaav fasal kharapatavaar prabandhan mein lagaataar seema thi. kai herbicides ke ekaadhik anuprayogon ko niyamit karne ke liye ghaas krushishaasreeya fasalon ke liye haanikaarak prajaatiyon mein se ek vistrut shrrunkhala ko niyantrit kiya gaya. kharapatavaar prabandhan ke liye preemergence ki hai, shaak aavedanon ki ummeed ghaas infestations ke javaab mein vaastavik vartamaan maatam ke javaab mein bajaay chhidkaav kiya gaya tha par nirbhar ho jaati thi. yaantrik kheti aur haath niraai the aksar karne ke liye aavashyak herbicide anuprayogon ke dvaara niyantrit naheen maatam niyantrit karte hain. shaak-sahishnu fasalon ka parichay herbicide sakriya kharapatavaar prabandhan ke liye prayukt saamagri ki sankhya ko kam karne, herbicide ek satr ke dauraan kiye gaye aavedanon ki sankhya ko kam karne aur badhti sudhaar kharapatavaar prabandhan aur kam chot ki vajah se fasal upaj ki kshamata hai. traansajenik fasalon ki sahishnuta vyakt glyphosate karne ke liye glufosinate aur viksit kiya gaya hai bromoxynil. in herbicides ab inflicting kshati ke bina traansajenik fasalon par chhidkaav kar sakte hain, jabki paas mein fasalon par maatam ki hatya ho. [26] 1996 se 2001 tak, shaak sahishnuta sabse pramukh vyaavasaayik roop se upalabdh traansajenik fasalon ke liye shuroo ki visheshata, keet pratirodh dvaara kiya gaya. 2001 mein, shaak sahishnuta soyaabeen, makka aur kapaas mein tainaat 626000 varg traansajenik fasalon ke liye lagaae kilometer ke 77% ke liye jimmedaar; beeti fasalein 15% ke liye hisaab hai aur herbicide sahishnuta aur keet donon kapaas aur makka mein istemaal ke liye pratirodh "khadi jeen" 8% ke liye [27] hisaab. fasal paudhon mein upanyaas padaarthon ka utpaadan [sanpaadit karein] jaiv praudyogiki upanyaas ke liye laagoo kiya ja raha hai bhojan ke alaava anya ka upayog karta hai. udaaharan ke liye kar sakte hain, tilhan ho ditrjeint, sthaanaapann indhan aur petro rasaayan ke liye faiti esid ka utpaadan sanshodhit. aaloo, tamaatar, chaaval tambaakoo, salaad, safflowers aur anya paudhon aanuvanshik roop se kiya gaya hai karne ke liye insulin aur kuchh teekon ka utpaadan engineer. agar bhavishya klinikl pareekshan safal saabit, khaadya teekon ke faayde bhaari vikaasasheel deshon ke liye vishesh roop se, kiya jaaega. traansajenik paudhon sthaaneeya roop se aur saste mein viksit kiya ja sakta hai. desi teeke bhi sainya aur aarthik ke liye lambi doori par paramparaagat taiyaari parivhan kar rahe hain aur unhein thanda rakhane paaragaman der mein se utpann samasyaaon se bachana hoga. aur jab se ve khaadya rahe hain, ve seerinj, jo keval paaramparik teeka taiyaari mein ek atirikt kharch, lekin yeh bhi sankraman ka srot yadi. [28] traansajenik paudhon mein viksit insulin ke maamale mein dooshit naheen kar rahe hain ki jaroorat naheen hogi, yeh achha hai sthaapana ki hai ki gaistrointestaainal pranaali neeche isliye yeh vartamaan mein ek khaadya proteen ke roop mein naheen prashaasit kiya ja sakta hai proteen toot jaata hai. haalaanki, yeh mahanga bioreactors mein utpaadan insulin ki tulana mein kaafi kam keemat par utpaadan kiya ja sakta hai. udaaharan ke liye, kailagari, Canada sthit SemBioSys jenetiks, ink report hai ki iske kusum insulin ka utpaadan par 25% ya adhik dvaara unit laagat kam karne aur poonji ki laagat mein kami ke oopar ka ek vyaavasaayik paimaane par insulin ka utpaadan suvidha ke nirmaan ke saath jude approximates jaaega 100 million dollar, paaramparik biomanufacturing suvidhaaon ki tulana mein. [29] pashu jaiv praudyogiki [sanpaadit karein] pashuon mein, jaiv praudyogiki takaneekon ko behtar banaane ke aanuvanshiki aur dava ya audyogik anuprayogon ke liye istemaal kiya ja raha hai. aanvik jeev vigyaan takaneek behtar jaanvaron ka chayan nirdeshan dvaara drive prajanan kaaryakram mein madad kar sakte hain. pashu kloning, daihik sel parmaanu hastaantaran (SCNT) ke maadhyam se, chayanit pashuon ke aanuvanshik pratikruti ke liye anumati deta hai. jenetik engineering, pun: sanyojak DNA ka upayog kar, gaayon mein upachaaraatmak proteenon ka utpaadan aur bakariyon sahit chayanit prayojanon ke liye jaanvaron ki aanuvanshik mekaap badal [30] vahaaain ek vruddhi ki vruddhi dar efadeee anumodan ke liye vichaar kiya ja raha ke saath ek aanuvanshik roop se parivrtit saaman hai.. [31] aalochna [sanpaadit karein] vahaaain krushi jaiv praudyogiki jaari karne ke ek aur paksh hai. yeh vruddhi herbicide upayog aur parinaami herbicide pratirodh, shaamil hain "super maatam," avasheshon par aur khaadya fasalon, gair jeeem fasalon ki aanuvanshik pradooshan mein hai, jo jaivik aur paramparaagat kisaanon chot aadi [32] [33]

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[[shreni:paadap jaivapraudyogik

i]][[ paadap uttak ka sanvardhan]]

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