ithenaul
| ithenaul | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
| aaiyoopeeesi naam | ithenaul |
| anya naam | Ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol; pure alcohol; hydroxyethane; drinking alcohol; ethyl hydrate |
| pehchaan aaidentifaayars | |
| si.A.S sankhya | [64-17-5] |
| RTECS number | KQ6300000 |
| SMILES |
|
| kaimaspaaidar I.di | |
| gun | |
| aanvik sootr | C2H6O |
| molar dravyamaan | 46.06844(232) g/mol |
| dikhaavat | colorless clear liquid |
| ghanatv | 0.789 g/cm³, liquid |
| galanaank |
−114.3 °aC (158.8 K) |
| kvathanaank |
78.4 °aC, 173.1 F (351.6 K) |
| jal mein ghulanasheelata | Fully miscible |
| amlata (pKa) | 15.9 |
| shyaanata | 1.200 mPa·as (cP) at 20.0 °aC |
| Dipole moment | 5.64 fC·aafm (1.69 D) (gas) |
| khatra | |
| EU vargeekaran | Highly Flammable (F) |
| NFPA 704 |
 3
2
0
|
| R-fresej | R11 saaaincha:R20 saaaincha:R21 aar-22 R36 |
| S-fresej | (esa2), saaaincha:S7, S16 |
| sfuraank (flaish pauint) | 286.15 K (13 °aC or 55.4 °aF) |
| Related compounds | |
| jahaan diya hai vahaan ke alaava, ye aankade padaarth ki maanak sthiti (25 °ase, 100 ki.pa ke anusaar hain. jnyaaanasandook ke sandarbh |
|
ethenaul (Ethanol) ek prasiddh alkohal hai. ise ethil alkohal bhi kehte hain.
anukram
nirmaan
isko taiyaar karne ki do vibhinn vidhiyaaain hain :
(1) sanshleshan vidhi-ethileen gas ko saandr salfyoorik aml mein shoshit karaane se ethil haaidrojan salfet banta hai jo jal ke saath ubaalane par uddhightit (haaidrolaaij) hokar ethil ailkohal deta hai. is vidhi ka prachalan abhi adhik naheen hai.
(2) kinveekaran vidhi- iske dvaara kisi bhi shakkaramaya padaarth (ganne ki shakkar, glookos, shora, mahue ka fool aadi) ya staarchamaya padaarth (aaloo, chaaval, jau, makai aadi) se ailkohal vyaapaarik maatra mein banaate hain. is abhikriya ko mote taur par nimnalikhit prakaar se likha ja sakta hai-[1]:
- C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
saadhaaranat: ailkohal
staarchamaya padaarthon ko pehle chhote-chhote tukade kar ya paani ke saath peesakar tapt bhaap mein ubaalate hain. staarchamaya padaarth lei ki tarah ho jaata hai; ise halava (angreji mein maish) kehte hain. maish mein thoda maalt nishkarsh milaakar 55°-60° seinteegred taap par rakh dete hain. maalt nishkarsh mein vidyamaan daayastes-enjaaim dvaara staarch ka udvightan hokar maaltos banta hai. is kriya mein lagbhag aadh ghanta lagta hai aur jo drav is prakaar milta hai use kvaath (angreji mein vart) kehte hain. kvaath ko ubaalakar ismein vidyamaan daayastes ko nasht kar dete hain; ise 20° sein. taap tak thanda kar ismein yeest daalte hain aur fir ise 20°-37° sein. ke beech rakh chhodte hain. yeest mein vidyamaan maaltes-enjaaim maaltos ko udvightit kar glookos mein parivrtit karta hai. is glookos ko fir jaaimes-enjaaim dvaara vightit kar elkohal praapt karte hain. is prakaar se elkol banaane mein 3-4 din lagte hain.
kinveekaran ke baad jo drav milta hai use dhovan (vaash) kehte hain; ismein elkohal lagbhag 10-15% tak hota hai; iska prabhaajit aasavan karne par jo drav milta hai usamein lagbhag 95.6% elkohal hota hai; isko rektifaayad sparit kehte hain. prabhaajit aasavan ke liye kai prakaar ke bhabhake upayog mein aate hain. Bhaarat tatha England mein kaufe bhabhake ka adhik prachalan hai; iske dvaara ek hi baar mein aasavan se rektifaayad spirit praapt ki jaati hai. is gailan sheere se lagbhag 0.4 gailan rektifaayad spirit praapt hota hai. is rektifaayad spirit mein elkohal ke atirikt thodi maatra mein aisiteldihaaid, glisreen, sakasinik aml aur fyoojel tel ashuddhi ke roop mein rahate hain. in ashuddhiyon ko alag karne ke liye isko pehle lakdi ke koyale ke chhanne dvaara chhaanate hain aur fir prabhaajit aasavan dvaara pratham, dviteeya aur antim srav-ansh praat karte hain jinmein kramash: aisitaildihaaid, rektifaayad spirit tatha fyoojel tel rahata hai.
rektifaayad spirit se jalarahit vishuddh ailkohal banaane ki saadhaaran vidhi yeh hai ki ismein thoda bari ka choona daal dete hain; ek do din ke baad ailkohal ko nithaarakar aasavan paatr mein rakhakar sodiym ya kailsiym ke taaje kate chhote-chhote thode se tukade daalkar ise turant aasavit karte hain. graahak paatr mein hava se jalavaashp na ja sake iske liye usamein kailsiym kloraaid se bhari hui ek nali laga di jaati hai. vyaapaarik vidhi mein rektifaayad spirit mein beinjeen milaakar beinjeen, ailkohal aur jal teenon ke samakvaathi traya-mishran ko garm karte hain. ailkohal mein jitna jal rahata hai vah sab is traya-mishran ke roop mein 64.9° sein. tak baahar nikal jaata hai. mishran mein ab keval beinjeen aur ailkohal rah jaata hai. is dvaya-mishran ke 68.3° sein. par aasavit hokar nikal jaane par vishuddh ailkohal 78.3 sein. par aasavit hota hai.
saadhaaranat: peya ailkohal par bhaari kar lagaaya jaata hai. udyogavistaar ke liye audyogik ailkohal ka sasta milna aavashyak hai. isliye usapar kar ya to naheen lagta hai ya bahut kam. log use pi sakein, is uddeshya se pratyek desh mein karamukt ailkohal mein kuchh aise vishaile aur asvaasthyakar padaarthon ko milaate hain jisse vah apeya ho jaae kintu anya kaaryon anupayukt na hone paae. adhikaansh deshein mein rektifaayad spirit mein 5 se 10 pratishat tak methil ailkohal aur 0.5% pireedeen mila dete hain aur use methileted spirit kehte hain. methil ailkohal ke kaaran hi methileted spirit naam pada hai. kintu aajkal bahut se vikrut ailkohalon mein methil ailkohal bilkul naheen rahata. Bhaarat mein vikrut spirit mein saadhaaranat: 0.5% pireedeen aur 0.5% patala rabar sraav rahata hai.
sabhi prakaar ki madira mein ethil ailkohal hota hai. kuchh prachalit aasut (distild) madiraaon ke naam hviski, braandi, ram jin aur baudaka hain. inko kramaanusaar jau, angoor,
madira tatha anya ailkohaleeya dravon mein ailkohal ki maatra gyaat karne ki vidhi ko ailkohalamiti kehte hain. iske liye ek taalika taiyaar kar li jaati hai jismein vibhinn aapekshik ghanatvon ke ailkohalaleeya dravon mein vibhinn taapon par ailkohal ki pratishat maatra di rahati hai. agyaat ailkohaleeya drav ka aapekshik ghanatv haaidromeetar se tatha taap taapamaapi se gyaat kar taalika ki sahaayata se us drav mein upasthit ailkohal ki pratishat maatra gyaat kar li jaati hai. kar lagaane ki suvidha ke liye ek nishchit pratishat ke ailkohaleeya drav ko praamaanik maan liya gaya hai; isko proof spirit kehte hain; ismein maatra ke anusaar 49.3% tatha aayatan ke anusaar 57.1% ailkohal rahata hai. anya ailkohaleeya dravon ki saandrata proof spirit ke aadhaar par vyakt ki jaati hai.
ailkohaleeya kinveekaran mein ailkohal ke atirikt nimnalikhit moolyavaan padaarth bhi sahautpaad (baai praudakt) ke roop mein praapt hote hain :
- 1. kaarban daai-aaksaaid- kinveekaran ke samay yeh gas adhik maatra mein niklati hai. saadhaaranat: ise thanda kar thos mein parivrtit karke shushk him ke naam se baajaar mein bechate hain. iska upayog bahut thandak paida karne ke liye hota hai.
- 2. ergaal ya taartaar - shakkarayukat padaarthon ka kinveekaran jis paatr mein hota hai usaki bheetari deevaaron par ek matamail rang ki kadi papadi jam jaati hai. isko ergaal ya taartaar kehte hain. ismein mukhya roop se potaishiym haaidrojan taarataret rahata hai jisse taaratarik aml adhik maatra mein banaai jaati hai.
- 3. vaash ke aasavan ke pratham ansh aisitaildihaaid tatha doosare udnasheel estar hote hain.
- 4. fyoojel tel - yeh adhik anubhaaravaale aiklaakohalon ka mishran hota hai. ismein se aaiso amaail ailkohal ko prabhaalit aasavan dvaara pruthak kar lete hain, kyonki yeh ek uttam vileyak hai.
- 5. nirjeev dhovan - aasavan dvaara ailkaahal ko dhovan (vaash) mein se alag karne ke baad jo shesh drav talachhat ke roop mein bach rahata hai use nirjeev dhovan kehte hain. staarchamaya padaarthon ki charbi tatha proteen ka adhikaansh bhaag avightit roop mein nirjeev dhovan mein rahata hai, isliye yeh jaanvaron ke paushtik chaare ke liye upayog mein aata hai.
upayogita
udyog mein ethil ailkohal ki upayogita iski atyuttam vileyak shakti ke kaaran hai. iska upayog vaarnish, paalish, davaaon ke ghol tatha nishkarsh, ithar, klorofaarm, krutrim rang, paaradarshak saabun, itr tatha fal ki sugandhon ka nishkarsh aur anya raasaayanik yaugik banaane mein hota hai. peene ke liye vibhinn madiraaon ke roop mein, ghaavon ko dhone mein jeevaanunaashak ke roop mein tatha prayogashaala mein gholak ke roop mein iska upayog hota hai. peene ko aushadhiyon mein yeh daala jaata hai aur mare hue jeevon ko sanrakshit rakhane mein bhi iska upayog hota hai. reaan aisitet udyog ke liye
sandarbh
- ↑ SAFFIOTI, WALDEMAR; Fundamentos de Quíamica; Companhia Editora Nacional; Sãao Paulo, Brasil; 1968
baahari kadiyaaain
- ethenaul chalaayega car - aapki jeet hogi ya haar! (maanasik halachal)
- ethenaul khareed hetu jaari hogi nivida
- ethenaal ki keemat 27 rupaye prati liter tay (dainik jaagaran)
- das feesadi ethenaal mishrit petrol bikega
- International Labour Organization ethanol safety information
- National Pollutant Inventory – Ethanol Fact Sheet
- Ethanol Information
- Ethanol Facts
- Coordinates of the ethanol molecule on Computational Chemistry Wiki. Accessed on September 8, 2005.
- Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Ethanol in 3D
- National Institute of Standards and Technology chemical data on ethanol
- ChEBI – biology related
- Chicago Board of Trade news and market data on ethanol futures
 |
yeh lekh kaarbanik yaugik ke baare mein ek aadhaar hai. aap ise badhaakar vikipeediya ki sahaayata kar sakte hain. |
saaaincha:alkohaul