hven tsaang

hven tsaang ka ek chitr

hven tsaang (cheeni: 玄aa奘; pinyin: Xuáan Zàang; Wade-Giles: Hsüaan-tsang) ek prasiddh cheeni bauddh bhikshu tha. vah harshavarddhan ke shaasan kaal mein Bhaarat aaya tha. vah Bhaarat mein satrah varshon tak raha. usane apni pustak si-you-ki mein apni yaatra tatha tatkaaleen Bhaarat ka vivran diya hai. uske varnanon se harshakaaleen Bhaarat ki saamaajik, aarthik, dhaarmik tatha saanskrutik avastha ka parichay milta hai.

anukram

aarambhik jeevan

hven tsaang ka janm cheen ke luoyang sthaan par san 602 mein hua tha aur mrutyu 5 February, 664 mein hui thi.[1] hven tsaang apne chaaron bhaai-bahanon mein sabse chhota tha. iske prapitaamah rajdhani ke shaahi mahaavidyaalaya mein prifekt the aur pitaamah profaisar the. iske pita ek kanfyooshiynist the. iske baavajood bhi yeh bauddh bhikshu banana chaahata tha. iske pita ki mrutyu san 611 mein hui jiske baad yeh apne bade bhaai chenasoo (baad mein chaangaji kahalaaya) ke saath jingatoo math mein raha. is kaal mein isne theravada aur mahaayan bauddh dharm ka adhyayan kiya. 618 mein sui vansh ke patan ke baad donon bhaai chaangaan bhaag gaye, jise taang vansh ki rajdhani maana jaata tha. vahaan se dakshin mein sinchuaan gaye. vahaan donon bhaai kong hui math mein do-teen varsh padhe. vaheen abhidhrmakosh shaastr ka adhyayahan bhi kiya. vaheen isne bauddh bhikshu banane ki baat ki. terah varsh maatr aayu mein hi apni adviteeya pratibha ke kaaran yeh mathaadheesh ban gaya. san 622 mein ise poorn bhikshu banaaya gaya. jab yeh bees varsh ka tha. bauddh paathyon mein matabhed aur bhram ke kaaran isne Bhaarat jaakar mool paath ka adhyayan karne ka nishchaya kiya. tab isne apan ebhaai ko chhodkar chaangaan vaapas laut kar videshi bhaashaaon ki shiksha leen. aur vah 626 mein sanskrut mein paarangat ho gaya. isi kaal mein ise yog shiksha ka bhi shauk hua.

teerth yaatraaen

san 629 mein use ek svapn mein Bhaarat jaane ki prerana mili. usi samay tang vansh aur turkon ka yuddh chal rahe the. is kaarn raaja ne videsh yaatraaen nishedh kar rakheen theen. isne kuchh bauddh rakshakon se praarthana karke liyaangajaau aur kinghaai praant hote hue tang raajya se palaayan kiya. fir isne gobi marusth hote hue kumul, tiyaan shaan pashchim disha mein, ho kar turfaan pahuncha. yeh san 630 ki baat hai. vahaan ke bauddh raaja ne ise aage ki yaatra hetu sashastr kiya. usane ise kai parichay hetu patra bhi diye. fir yeh daakuon ke saath yaanki aur theravaada math hote huekucha pahuncha. vahaan se poorvottar hone se pehle aakru se gujara. fir kirghistaan ke tiyaan shaan darre se hote hue tokamak, ujbekistaan hokar mahaan Khan se mila. fir vah pashchim aur dakshin pashchim mein taashkant mein che-shih (vartamaan rajdhani) pahuncha. fir aur pashchim mein marusthal ke baad samarakand pahuncha, jo faaras ke baadshah ke adheen tha. vahaan ve bauddh khandaharon mein ghoome. usane sthaaneeya raaja ko bhi apni shikshaaon se prabhaavit kiya. fir aur dakshin mein isne prasiddh paameer parvatamaala ko paar kiya aur amu dariya aur tarmej pahuncha. vahaan ise hajaar se adhik bauddh bikshu mile. vahaan se kundooj pahuncha aur vahaan ke Rajkumar ki antyeshti dekhi. vaheen usaki mulaakaat bhikshu dharmasinh se hui. uske bataane p[ar usane balakh ki yaatra ki aur vahaan anekon bauddh sthal dekhe. inmein khaas tha nav vihaar, ya navabahaar; jise pashchimtam bauddh math kaha gaya. vahaan use lagbhag 3000 bhikshu mile, jinmein prajnyaaanaakar bhi the. yaheen isne mahatvapoorn mahaavibhaash paathya dekha, jise baaad mein cheeni mein anuvaad bhi kiya tha. fir dakshin mein baamiyaan aaye, jahaan iski raaja se bheint hui aur isne dar tharavada math aur do bade math bhi dekhe. fir poorv mein shibr darre ko paar kar kaapisi pahunche, jo Kabul se saath ki, mi, door hai. yahaan mahaayan ke sau math the aur 6000 bhikshu the. yeh gaandhaar pradesh tha. is yaatra mein ise hindu aur jain bhi mile. fir yeh jalaalaabaad aur laghaman aaya. yahaan aakar isko santosh hua ki vah Bhaarat pahunch gaya hai. yeh san 630 ki baat hai.

dakshin Asia

jalaalaabaad mein kuchh hi bhikshu the, lekin kai stoop aur math the. vah yahaan se khaayabar darra hote hue tatkaaleen gaandhaar rajdhani peshaavar pahuncha. is kshetr mein bauddh dharm patan par tha. isne kai stoopon ki yaatra ki, jinmein kanishk stoop pramukh tha. vartamaan mein yeh sab toda ja chuka hai, parantu san 1908 mein hven tsaang ke vivran dvaara ise khoja gaya tha. peshaavar se vah poorvottar mein svaat ghaati hote hue udyaan pahuncha, jahaan use 1400 math mile, jinmein pehle 18000 bhikshu rahate the. shesh bhikshu mahaayan the. fir uttar chalne par buner ghaati pahuncha. fir isne sindhu nadi paar ki, hund par aur takshashila, ek mahaayan bauddh raajya, jo Kashmir ke adheen tha. yahaan se vah Kashmir pahuncha. yaheen ek buddhimaan prajnyaaavaan bauddh bhikshu ke saath do varsh vyateet kiye. isi kaal mein chauthi bauddh sammelan hua, kushaan raaja kanishk ki dekh rekh mein. san 633 mein tsaang ne Kashmir se dakshin ki or chinaabhukti jise vartamaan mein firojapur kehte hain, ko peasthaan kiya. vahaan bhikshu vineetaprabha ke saath ek varsh tak adhyayan kiya. san 634 mein poorv man Jalandhar pahuncha. isse poorv usane kulloo ghaati mein hinaayan ke math bhi bhraman kiye. fir vahaan se dakshin mein bairat, Meerut aur Mathura ki yaatra ki, yamuna ke teere chalte-chalte. Mathura mein 2000 bhikshu mile aur hindu bahul kshetr hone ke baad bhi, donon hi bauddh shaakhaaen vahaan theen. usane shrughn nadi tak yaatra ki aur fir poorvavat matipur ke liye nadi paar ki. yeh san 635 ki baat hai. fir ganga nadi paar karke dakshin mein sankasya (kapitth) pahuncha, jahaan kehte hain, ki Gautam buddh svarg se avatarit hue the. vahaan se uttari Bhaarat ke maha saamraat harshavardhan ki rajdhani kaanyakubj (vartamaan kannauj) pahuncha. yahaan san 636 mein usane sau math aur 10,000 bhikshu dekhe (mahaayan aur hinaayan, donon hi). vah samraat ki bauddh dharm ki sanrakshan aur paalan se ateev prabhaavit hua. usane yahaan theravada lekhon ka adhyayan kiya. fir poorv ki or ayodhya aur saaket ka rukh kiya. yahaan yaugik shiksha ka gruhasthaan tha. fir vah dakshinvat kaushaambi pahuncha. yahaan use buddh ki sthaaneeya chhavi ki prati mili. fir vah uttar mein shraavasti pahuncha. aur antat: prasiddh kapilvastu pahuncha. yeh limbini se poorv antim padaav tha. lumbini, buddh ke janmasthaan pahuncha, vaheen usane ashok ka stambh bhi dekha. san 637 mein vah lumbini se kusheenagar ravaana hua, jahaan buddh ne nirvaan praapt kiya tha. fir vah dakshinvat saaranaath pahuncha, jahaan buddh ne apna pehla pravachan kiya tha. yahaan use 1500 bhikshu mile. fir poorvavat vah Varanasi aur fir vaishaali aur fir paataliputr (vartamaan Patna) pahuncha. aur vahaan se bodh gaya pahuncha. yahaan se do bhikshuon sahit vah naalanda gaya, jahaan usane agale do varsh vyateet kiye. tsaang ne yahaan tarkashaastr, vyaakaran, sanskrut aur bauddh yogashaastr seekha. yahaan se vah dakkhin ki or chala aur aandhradesh mein amaraavati aur naagarjunakonda ke prasiddh vihaar bhraman kiye. fir vah kaanchi, jo ki pallav vansh ki shaahi rajdhani thi, pahuncha. yeh bauddh dharm ka shakti kendra tha.

cheeni bauddh dharm par tsaang ka prabhaav

great wild gooj pagoda mandir ke baahar tsaang ki moorti, jiyaang mein

apni yaatra ke dauraan, vah abekon bauddh praveenon se mila. khaaskar naalanda vishvavidyaalaya mein, jahaan vruhat bauddh shiksha kendra tha. cheen lautane par, uske saath 657 sanskrut paathya the. samraat ke sahayog se, usane bada anuvaad sansthaan chaaang mein khola, jise vartamaan mein jiyaann kehte hain. yahaan poore poorvi Asia se chhaatr aate the. usane 1330 lekhon ke anuvaad cheeni bhaasha mein kiye. usaka sarvottam yogadaan yogakaara Yogāacāara (瑜aa伽aa行aa派) ke kshetr mein tha.


tsaang ko uske bhaarateeya bauddh paathyon ke yathaarth aur sateek cheeni anuvaadon aur baad mein khoye hue bhaarateeya bauddh paathyon ki uske dvaara kiye cheeni anuvaadon se punarpraapti ke liye sarvada smaran kiya jaayega. uske dvaara likhe ”'cheing vaishi loon”', in paathyon par teeka ke liye bhi chirsmaraneeya rahega. usaka hrudaya sootr k anuvaad ab to maanak ban chuka hai. usane laghu kaal ke liye hi sahi, parantu cheeni faakjiyaan vidyaalaya ki sthaapana ki thi. is sabke saath hi use harshavardhan ke kaaleen Bhaarat ke varnan ke liye sandarbhit kiya jaata hai.

usaki jeevani aur aatmakatha

san 646 mein samraat ke nivedan par, tsaang ne apni pustak mahaan taang vansh mein pashchim ki yaatra (大aa唐aa西aa域aa記), poorn ki. yeh madhya Asia aur Bhaarat ke madhyakaaleen itihaas mein ek mahatvapoorn yogadaan maani jaati hai. iska French mein 1857 mein anuvaad stainislais jooliyn dvaara kiya gaya tha. bhikshu huili dvaara tsaang ki jeevani bhi likhi gayi. .[2][3]

usaki Patrick sampatti

tsang ki resham maarg par yaatra aur uske saath judi kathaayein, cheeni ming vansh ko prerit karti raheen aur usaka parinaam tha upanyaas pashchim ki yaatra. yeh ek mahaan cheeni saahitya kahalaata hai. ismein paatr juaangajaang buddh ka punarjanm maana jaata hai. iski yatra ke dauraan usaki raksha teen shaktishaali chelon dvaara ki jaati hai. ek tha sun vukong – ek bandar, jo ki sarvapriya cheeni aur Japani paatr raha aur ab kaartoon animeshan mein bhi aata hai. yuaan vansh mein, vu chaangaling ka ek naatak bhi khela gaya, jismein juaang ne lekh dhoondhe the.

avashesh

ek maanav khopadi, jise tsaang ki bataaya jata hai, vah tiyaanjin ke tempal of great kampaishan mein san 1956 tak thi aur fir dalaai laama dvaara laai gayi aur Bhaarat ko bheint kar di gayi. yeh vartamaan mein patan sangrahaalaya mein surakshit hai.

inhein bhi dekhein

sandarbh

  1. ↑ Sally Hovey Wriggins. Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. Westview Press, 1996. Revised and updated as The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang. Westview Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8133-6599-6, pp. 7, 193
  2. ↑ Beal, Samuel. 1884. Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969.
  3. ↑ Beal, Samuel. 1911. The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. Translated from the Chinese of Shaman Hwui Li by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi. 1973.

saamaanya srot

  • Sally Hovey Wriggins. Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. Westview Press, 1996. Revised and updated as The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang. Westview Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8133-6599-6.
  • On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India tr. Thomas Watters. Reprint. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1996. ISBN 81-215-0336-1.
  • Stanislas Julien. 1857. Memoires sur les contréaaes occidentales. Paris.

baahari kadiyaaain

Xuanzang in India:

vikimeediya kaumans par hven tsaang se sambandhit media hai.
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