hitopadesh

hitopadesh bhaarateeya jan- maanas tatha parivesh se prabhaavit upadeshaatmak kathaaeain hain. hitopadesh ki kathaaeain atyant saral va sugraahya hain. vibhinn pashu- pakshiyon par aadhaarit kahaaniyaaain iski khaas-visheshata hain. rachayita ne in pashu-pakshiyon ke maadhyam se kathaashilp ki rachana ki hai. jiski samaapti kisi shikshaapad baat se hi hui hai. pashuon ko neeti ki baatein karte hue dikhaaya gaya hai. sabhi kathaaeain ek-doosare se judi hui prateet hoti hai.

hitopadesh ke rachayita Narayan pandit hain. pustak ke antim padyon ke aadhaar par iske rachayita ka naam "Narayan gyaat hota hai.

naaraayanen pracharatu rachit: sangrahosyan kathaanaam

pandit Narayan ne panchatantr tatha anya neeti ke granthon ki madad se hitopadesh naamak is granth ka srujan kiya. swayam pan. Narayan ji ne sveekaar kiya hai--

panchatantraantathaadanyasmaad granthaadaakrushya likhyate.

iske aashrayadaata ka naam dhavalachandraji hai. dhavalachandraji Bengal ke maandalik raaja the tatha Narayan pandit raaja dhavalachandraji ke raajakavi the. mangalaacharan tatha samaapti shlok se Narayan ki Shiv mein vishesh aastha prakat hoti hai.

neetikthaaon mein panchatantr ka pehla sthaan hai. vibhinn upalabdh anuvaadon ke aadhaar par iski rachana teesari shataabdi ke aas-paas nirdhaarit ki jaati hai. hitopadesh ki rachana ka aadhaar panchatantr hi hai.

kathaaon se praapt saakshyon ke vishleshan ke aadhaar par da. fleet kar maanana hai ki iski rachana kaal 11 veen shataabdi ke aas-paas hona chaahiye. hitopadesh ka nepaali hastalekh 1373 E. ka praapt hai. vaachaspati gairolaaji ne iska rachanaakaal 14 veen shati ke aaspaas maana hai.

hitopadesh ki kathaaon mein arbudaachal (Abu) paataliputr, ujjayini, maalava, hastinaapur, kaanyakubj (kannauj), Varanasi, magadhadesh, kalingadesh aadi sthaanon ka ullekh hai, jismein rachayita tatha rachana ki udgamabhoomi inheen sthaanon se prabhaavit hai.

hitopadesh ki kathaaon ko in chaar bhaagon mein vibhkt kiya jaata hai --

• mitralaabh
• suhrudbhed
• vigrah
• sandhi

• neetiktha
• panchatantr
• sinhaasan batteesi
• betaal pachcheesi
• kathaasaritsaagar

• hitopadesham (sanskrut mein) (wikisource)
• hitopadesh - indira Gandhi raashtreeya kala kendra
• i॰ arnaald dvaara angreji mein anuvaadit hitopadesh
• hitopadesh ki kuchh kahaaniyoain katha-kaavya shaili mein
• hitopadesh ka doosra, teesara aur chautha bhaag (angreji anuvaad sahit; anuvaadak - fredarik maiks moolar)
• hitopadesh (Google pustak ; lekhak - ashok kaushik)
• kaalajayi hain hitopadesh ki kahaaniyaaain
• hitopadesh (hindi mein) daaunalod karein.