hindu vivaah adhiniyam

hindu vivaah adhiniyam Bhaarat ki sansad dvaara san 1955 mein paarit ek kaanoon hai. isi kaalaavadhi mein teen anya mahatvapoorn kaanoon paarit hue : hindu uttaraadhika adhiniyam (1955), hindu alpasankhyak tatha abhibhaavak adhiniyam (1956) aur hindu edaupshan aur bharanaposhan adhiniyam (1956). ye sabhi niyam hinduon ke vaidhik paramparaaon ko aadhunik banaane ke dhyeya se laagoo kiye gaye the.

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smrutikaal se hi hinduon mein vivaah ko ek pavitra sanskaar maana gaya hai aur hindu vivaah adhiniyam 1955 mein bhi isko isi roop mein banaae rakhane ki cheshta ki gayi hai. kintu vivaah, jo pehle ek pavitra evam atoot bandhan tha, adhiniyam ke antargat, aisa naheen rah gaya hai. kuchh vidhivichaarakon ki drushti mein yeh vichaaradhaara ab shithil pad gayi hai. ab yeh janm janmaantar ka sambandh athva bandhan naheen varan vishesh paristhitiyon ke utpann hone par, (adhiniyam ke antargat) vaivaahik sambandh vightit kiya ja sakta hai.

adhiniyam ki dhaara 10 ke anusaar nyaayik pruthakkaran nimn aadhaaron par nyaayaalaya se praapt ho sakta hai :

tyaag 2 varsh, nirdayata (shaareerik evam maanasik), kusht rog (1 varsh), ratijrog (3 varsh), vikrutimn (2 varsh) tatha parapurush athva par-stri-gaman (ek baar mein bhi) adhiniyam ki dhaara 13 ke anusaar - sansarg, dharmaparivrtan, paagalapan (3 varsh), kusht rog (3 varsh), ratij rog (3 varsh), sannyaas, mrutyu nishkarsh (7 varsh), par naiyaayik pruthakkaran ki dikri paas hone ke do varsh baad tatha daanpatyaadhikaar pradaan karanevaali dikri paas hone ke do saal baad 'sanbandhavichhed' praapt ho sakta hai.

striyon ko nimn aadhaaron par bhi sanbandhavichhed praapt ho sakta hai; yatha-dvivivaah, balaatkaar, punmaithun tatha pashumaithun. dhaara 11 evam 12 ke antargat nyaayaalaya 'vivaahashoonyata' ki ghoshana kar sakta hai. vivaah pravruttiheen ghoshit kiya ja sakta hai, yadi doosra vivaah sapind aur nishiddh gotr mein kiya gaya ho (dhaara 11).

napunsakata, paagalapan, maanasik durbalata, chhal evam kapat se anumati praapt karne par ya patni ke anya purush se (jo usaka pati naheen hai) garbhavati hone par vivaah vivrjya ghoshit ho sakta hai. (dhaara 12).

adhiniyam dvaara ab hindu vivaah pranaali mein nimnaankit parivartan kiye gaye hain :

(1) ab har hindu streepurush doosare hindu streepurush se vivaah kar sakta hai, chaahe vah kisi jaati ka ho.
(2) ekavivaah tay kiya gaya hai. dvivivaah amaanya evam dandaneeya bhi hai.
(3) nyaayik pruthakkaran, vivaah-sambandh-vichhed tatha vivaahashoonyata ki dikri ki ghoshana ki vyavastha ki gayi hai.
(4) pravruttiheen tatha vivrjya vivaah ke baad aur dikri paas hone ke beech utpann santaan ko vaidh ghoshit kar diya gaya hai. parantu iske liye dikri ka paas hona aavashyak hai.
(5) nyaayaalayon par yeh vaidhaanik kartavya niyat kiya gaya hai ki har vaivaahik jhagade mein samaadhaan karaane ka pratham prayaas karein.
(6) baad ke beech ya sanbandhavichhed par nirvaahavyaya evam nirvaah bhatta ki vyavastha ki gayi hai. tatha
(7) nyaayaalayon ko is baat ka adhikaar de diya gaya hai ki avayask bachchon ki dekh rekh evam bharan poshan ki vyavastha kare.

vidhivettaaon ka yeh vichaar hai ki hindu vivaah ke siddhaant evam pratha mein parivartan karne ki jo aavashyakta upasthit hui thi usaka kaaran sambhavat: yeh hai ki hindu samaaj ab paashchaatya sabhyata evam sanskruti se adhik prabhaavit hua hai.

hindu vivaah adhiniyam

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