hindu dharm

is sandook ko: dekhein • samvaad •
hindu dharm par ek shreni ka bhaag
itihaas · devata
sampradaaya · aagam
vishvaas aur darshanashaastr
punarjanm · moksh
karm · pooja · maaya
darshan · dharm
vedaant ·yog
shaakaahaar · aayurved
yug · sanskaar
bhakti {{hindu darshan}}
granth
vedasanhita · vedaang
braahmanagranth · aaranyak
upanishd · shreemadbhagavadgeeta
raamaayan · mahaabhaarat
sootr · puraan
shikshaapatri · vachanaamrut
sambandhit vishay
daivi dharm ·
vishv mein hindu dharm
guru · mandir devasthaan
yagya · mantr
shabdakosh · hindu parv
vigrah
praveshadvaar: hindu dharm
hindu maapan pranaali

hindu dharm (sanskrut: sanaatan dharm) vishv ka ek ati praacheen dharm hai. yeh vedon par aadhaarit dharm hai, jo apne andar kai alag-alag upaasana paddhatiyaaain, mat, sampradaaya aur darshan samete hue hai. anuyaayiyon ki sankhya ke aadhaar par ye vishv ka teesara sabse bada dharm hai, sankhya ke aadhaar par iske adhiktar upaasak Bhaarat mein hain aur pratishat ke aadhaar par Nepal mein hai. haalaaainki ismein kai devi-devataaon ki pooja ki jaati hai, lekin vaastav mein yeh ekeshvaravaadi dharm hai.^{[1][2] [3]}

hindi mein is dharm ko sanaatan dharm athva vaidik dharm bhi kehte hain. indoneshiya mein is dharm ka aupachaarik naam "hindu aagam" hai. hindu keval ek dharm ya sampradaaya hi nahi hai apitu jeevan jeene ki ek paddhati hai " hinsaayaam dooyate ya sa hindu "^{[tankanagat ashuddhi?]} arthaat jo apne man, vachan, karm se hinsa ko door rakhe vah hindu hai aur jo karm apne hiton ke liye doosaron ko kasht de vah hinsa hai.

Nepal vishv ka ek maatr aadhunik hindu raashtra tha (Nepal ke lokataantrik aandolan ke pashchaat ke antarim samvidhaan mein kisi bhi dharm ko raashtra dharm ghoshit naheen kiya gaya hai. Nepal ke hindu raashtra hone ya na hone ka antim faisala samvidhaan sabha ke chunaav se nirvaachit vidhaayak kareinge).

hindu dharm pruthvi ke sabse praacheen dharmon mein se ek hai; haalaaainki iske itihaas ke baare mein anek vidvaanon ke anek mat hain. hindu jyotish shaastr mein vidyamaan kaal ganana ke anusaar srushti ke aarambh ki tithi kai karod varsh pehle ki varnit hai; sandarbh hetu - bahuprachalit gregari kailendar ke san 2015 me March maah mein praarambh hua hindu nav varsh srushti praarambh se 1,95,58,85,116 vaaain varsh tha.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]} is aadhaar par hindu dharmaavalanbi is dharm ko utana hi puraana maanate hain. vaheen aadhunik itihaasakaar hadppa, meharagadh aadi puraataatvik anveshanon ke aadhaar par is dharm ka itihaas maatr kuchh hajaar varsh puraana maanate hain.

jahaaain Bhaarat (aur aadhunik Pakistani kshetr) ki sindhu ghaati sabhyata mein hindu dharm ke kai chinh milte hain. inmein ek agyaat maatrudevi ki moortiyaaain, Shiv pashupati jaise devata ki mudraaeain, ling, peepal ki pooja, ityaadi pramukh hain. itihaasakaaron ke ek drushtikon ke anusaar is sabhyata ke ant ke dauraan madhya Asia se ek anya jaati ka aagaman hua, jo swayam ko aarya kehte the aur sanskrut naam ki ek hind Europeeya bhaasha bolte the. ek anya drushtikon ke anusaar sindhu ghaati sabhyata ke log swayam hi aarya the aur unka moolasthaan Bhaarat hi tha.

aaryon ki sabhyata ko vaidik sabhyata kehte hain. pehle drushtikon ke anusaar lagbhag 1700 isa poorv mein aarya afgaanistaan, Kashmir, Punjab aur Haryana mein bas gaye. tabhi se vo log (unke vidvaan rishi) apne devataaon ko prasann karne ke liye vaidik sanskrut mein mantr rachane lage. pehle chaar ved rache gaye, jinmein rigved pratham tha. uske baad upanishd jaise granth aae. hindu maanyata ke anusaar ved, upanishd aadi granth anaadi, nitya hain, ishvar ki krupa se alag-alag mantradrashta rishiyon ko alag-alag granthon ka gyaan praapt hua jinhonne fir unhein lipibddh kiya. bauddh aur dharmon ke alag ho jaane ke baad vaidik dharm me kaafi parivartan aaya. naye devata aur naye darshan ubhare. is tarah aadhunik hindu dharm ka janm hua.

doosare drushtikon ke anusaar hindu dharm ka mool kadaachit sindhu sarasvati parampara (jiska srot meharagadh ki 6500 ipoo sanskruti mein milta hai) se bhi pehle ki bhaarateeya parampara mein hai.

bhaaratavarsh ko praacheen rishiyon ne "hindusthaan" naam diya tha, jiska apabhransh "Hindustan" hai. "bruhaspati aagam" ke anusaar:

himaalayaat samaarabhya yaavat indu sarovaram.

tan devanirmitan deshan hindusthaanan prachakshate.

arthaat himaalaya se praarambh hokar indu sarovar (hind mahaasaagar) tak yeh Dave nirmit desh hindusthaan kahalaata hai.

"hindu" shabd "sindhu" se bana maana jaata hai. sanskrut mein sindhu shabd ke do mukhya arth hain - pehla, sindhu nadi jo maanasarovar ke paas se nikal kar laddaakh aur Pakistan se bahti hui samudra me milti hai, doosra - koi samudra ya jalaraashi. rigved ki nadeestuti ke anusaar ve saat nadiyaaain theen : sindhu, sarasvati, vitsta (Jhelum), shutudri (sataluj), vipaasha (vyaas), parushini (raavi) aur askini (chenaab). ek anya vichaar ke anusaar himaalaya ke pratham akshar "hi" evam indu ka antim akshar "ndu", in donon aksharon ko milaakar shabd bana "hindu" aur yeh bhoo-bhaag hindusthaan kahalaaya. hindu shabd us samay dharm ke bajaay raashtreeyata ke rup mein prayukt hota tha. chooainki us samay Bhaarat mein keval vaidik dharm ko hi maanane vaale log the, balki tab tak anya kisi dharm ka udaya naheen hua tha isliye "hindu" shabd sabhi bhaarateeyon ke liye prayukt hota tha. Bhaarat mein keval vaidik dharmaavalambiyon (hinduon) ke basane ke kaaran kaalaantar mein videshiyon ne is shabd ko dharm ke sandarbh mein prayog karna shuru kar diya.

aam taur par hindu shabd ko anek vishleshakon ne videshiyon dvaara diya gaya shabd maana hai. is dhaarana ke anusaar hindu ek faarasi shabd hai. hindu dharm ko sanaatan dharm ya vaidik dharm bhi kaha jaata hai. rigved mein sapt sindhu ka ullekh milta hai - vo bhoomi jahaaain aarya sabse pehle base the. bhaashaavidon ke anusaar hind aarya bhaashaaon ki "s" dhvani (sanskrut ka vyanjan "s") Irani bhaashaaon ki "h" dhvani mein badal jaati hai. isliye sapt sindhu avestan bhaasha (paarasiyon ki dharmabhaasha) me jaakar haft hindu me parivrtit ho gaya (avesta: vendeedaad, frgard 1.18). iske baad iraaniyon ne sindhu nadi ke poorv mein rahane vaalon ko hindu naam diya. jab arab se muslim hamlaavar Bhaarat mein aae, to unhonne Bhaarat ke mool dharmaavalambiyon ko hindu kehna shuroo kar diya.

hindu mandir, shri lanka

hindu dharm mein koi ek akele siddhaanton ka samooh naheen hai jise sabhi hinduon ko maanana zaroori hai. ye to dharm se zyaada ek jeevan ka maarg hai. hinduon ka koi kendreeya church ya dharmasangathan naheen hai aur na hi koi "Pope". iske antargat kai mat aur sampradaaya aate hain aur sabhi ko baraabar shraddha di jaati hai. dharmagranth bhi kai hain. fir bhi, vo mukhya siddhaant, jo jyaadaatar hindu maanate hain, in sab mein vishvaas: dharm (vaishvik kaanoon), karm (aur uske fal), punarjanm ka saansaarik chakr, moksh (saansaarik bandhanon se mukti--jiske kai raaste ho sakte hain) aur beshak, ishvar. hindu dharm svarg aur narak ko asthaayi maanata hai. hindu dharm ke anusaar sansaar ke sabhi praaniyon mein aatma hoti hai. manushya hi aisa praani hai jo is lok mein paap aur punya, dono karm bhog sakta hai aur moksh praapt kar sakta hai. hindu dharm mein chaar mukhya sampradaaya hain : vaishnav (jo vishnu ko parameshvar maanate hain), shaiv (jo Shiv ko parameshvar maanate hain), shaakt (jo devi ko paramashakti maanate hain) aur smaart (jo parameshvar ke vibhinn roopon ko ek hi samaan maanate hain). lekin jyaadaatar hindu swayam ko kisi bhi sampradaaya mein vargeekrut naheen karte hain. praacheenakaal aur madhyakaal mein shaiv, shaakt aur vaishnav aapas mein ladte rahate the. jinhein madhyakaal ke santon ne samanvit karne ki safal koshish ki aur sabhi sanpradaayon ko paraspar aashrit bataaya.

sankshep mein, hin‍aadut‍aav ke pramukh tattv nimnalikhit hain-hindu-dharm hindu-kaun?-- goshu bhaktirbhavedyasya pranave ch drudha mati:. punarjanmani vishvaas: s vai hinduriti smrut:.. arthaat-- gomaata mein jiski bhakti ho, pranav jiska poojya mantr ho, punarjanm mein jiska vishvaas ho--vahi hindu hai. merutantr 33 prakaran ke anusaar ' heenan dooshayati s hindu ' arthaat jo heen (heenata ya neechata) ko dooshit samajhta hai (usaka tyaag karta hai) vah hindu hai. lokamaanya tilk ke anusaar- asindho: sindhuparyanta yasya bhaaratabhoomika. pitrubhoo: punyabhooshchaiv s vai hinduriti smrut:.. arthaat- sindhu nadi ke udgam-sthaan se lekar sindhu (hind mahaasaagar) tak sampoorn Bhaarat bhoomi jiski pitrubhoo (athva maatru bhoomi) tatha punyabhoo (pavitra bhoomi) hai, (aur usaka dharm hindutv hai) vah hindu kahalaata hai. hindu shabd moolat: faarasi hai iska arth un bhaarateeyon se hai jo bhaaratavarsh ke praacheen granthon, vedon, puraanon mein varnit bhaaratavarsh ki seema ke mool evam paidaayasi praacheen nivaasi hain. kaalika puraan, medani kosh aadi ke aadhaar par vartamaan hindu la ke moolabhoot aadhaaron ke anusaar vedapratipaadit reeti se vaidik dharm mein vishvaas rakhane wala hindu hai. yadyapi kuchh log kai sanskruti ke mishrit roop ko hi bhaarateeya sanskruti maanate hai, jabki aisa nahi hai. jis sanskruti ya dharm ki utpatti evam vikaas Bhaarat bhoomi par naheen hua hai, vah dharm ya sanskruti bhaarateeya (hindu) kaise ho sakti hai.

hindu dharm ke siddhaant ke kuchh mukhya bindu:

• 1. ishvar ek naam anek.
• 2. brahm ya param tattv sarvavyaapi hai.
• 3. ishvar se darein naheen, prem karein aur prerana lein.
• 4. hindutv ka lakshya svarg-narak se oopar.
• 5. hinduon mein koi ek paigambar naheen hai.
• 6. dharm ki raksha ke liye ishvar baar-baar paida hote hain.
• 7. paropakaar punya hai, doosaron ko kasht dena paap hai.
• 8. jeevamaatr ki seva hi paramaatma ki seva hai.
• 9. stri aadaraneeya hai.
• 10. sati ka arth pati ke prati satyanishtha hai.
• 11. hindutv ka vaas hindu ke man, sanskaar aur paramparaaon mein.
• 12. paryaavaran ki raksha ko uchch praathamikta.
• 13. hindu drushti samataavaadi evam samanvayavaadi.
• 14. aatma ajar-amar hai.
• 15. sabse bada mantra gaayatri mantra.
• 16. hinduon ke parv aur tyohaar khushiyon se jude hain.
• 17. hindutv ka lakshya purushaarth hai aur madhya maarg ko sarvottam maana gaya hai.
• 18. hindutv ekatv ka darshan hai.

brahm

hindu dharmagranth upanishdon ke anusaar brahm hi param tattv hai (ise trimoorti ke devata brahma se bhramit na karein). vo hi jagat ka saar hai, jagat ki aatma hai. vo vishv ka aadhaar hai. usi se vishv ki utpatti hoti hai aur vishv nasht hone par usi mein vileen ho jaata hai. brahm ek aur sirf ek hi hai. vo vishvaateet bhi hai aur vishv ke pare bhi. vahi param satya, sarvashaktimaan aur sarvajnya hai. vo kaalaateet, nitya aur shaashvat hai. vahi param gyaan hai. brahm ke do roop hain : parabrahm aur aparabrahm. parabrahm aseem, anant aur roop-shareer viheen hai. vo sabhi gunon se bhi pare hai, par usamein anant satya, anant chit aur anant aanand hai. brahm ki pooja naheen ki jaati hai, kyonki vo pooja se pare aur anirvachaneeya hai. usaka dhyaan kiya jaata hai. pranav Om (om) brahmavaakya hai, jise sabhi hindu param pavitra shabd maanate hain. hindu yeh maanate hain ki om ki dhvani poore brahmaand me goonj rahi hai. dhyaan mein gahre utarane par yeh sunaai deta hai. brahm ki parikalpana vedaant darshan ka kendreeya stambh hai aur hindu dharm ki vishv ko anupam den hai.

ishvar

brahm aur ishvar mein kya sambandh hai, ismein hindu darshanon ki soch alag alag hai. advait vedaant ke anusaar jab maanav brahm ko apne man se jaanane ki koshish karta hai, tab brahm ishvar ho jaata hai, kyonki maanav maaya naam ki ek jaadui shakti ke vash me rahata hai. arthaat jab maaya ke aaine mein brahm ki chhaaya padti hai, to brahm ka pratibimb hamein ishvar ke roop mein dikhaayi padta hai. ishvar apni isi jaadui shakti "maaya" se vishv ki srushti karta hai aur us par shaasan karta hai. is stithi mein haalaaainki ishvar ek nakaaraatmak shakti ke saath hai, lekin maaya usapar apna kuprabhaav naheen daal paati hai, jaise ek jaadoogar apne hi jaadoo se achanmbhit naheen hota hai. maaya ishvar ki daasi hai, parantu ham jeevon ki svaamini hai. vaise to ishvar roopaheen hai, par maaya ki vajah se vo hamein kai devataaon ke roop mein prateet ho sakta hai. iske vipreet vaishnav maton aur darshanon mein maana jaata hai ki ishvar aur brahm mein koi frk naheen hai--aur vishnu (ya Krishna) hi ishvar hain. nyaaya, vaisheshik aur yog darshanon ke anusaar ishvar ek param aur sarvochch aatma hai, jo chaitanya se yukt hai aur vishv ka srushta aur shaasak hai.

jo bhi ho, baaki baatein sabhi hindu maanate hain : ishvar ek aur keval ek hai. vo vishvavyaapi aur vishvaateet dono hai. beshak, ishvar sagun hai. vo svayanbhoo aur vishv ka kaaran (srushta) hai. vo pooja aur upaasana ka vishay hai. vo poorn, anant, sanaatan, sarvajnya, sarvashaktimaan aur sarvavyaapi hai. vo raag-dvesh se pare hai, par apne bhakton se prem karta hai aur unapar krupa karta hai. usaki ichha ke bina is duniya mein ek patta bhi naheen hil sakta. vo vishv ki naitik vyavastha ko kaayam rakhata hai aur jeevon ko unke karmon ke anusaar sukh-dukh pradaan karta hai. shreemadbhagavadgeeta ke anusaar vishv mein naitik patan hone par vo samay-samay par dharati par avataar (jaise Krishna) roop le kar aata hai. ishvar ke anya naam hain : parameshvar, paramaatma, vidhaata, Bhagwan (jo hindi me sabse zyaada prachalit hai). isi ishvar ko musalmaan (arabi mein) Allah, (faarasi mein) khuda, isaai (angreji mein) gaud aur yahoodi (ibraani mein) yaahveh kehte hain.

devi aur devata

hindu dharm mein kai devata hain, jinko angreji me glat roop se "Gods" kaha jaata hai. ye devata kaun hain, is baare mein teen mat ho sakte hain :

• advait vedaant, bhagavad geeta, ved, upanishd, aadi ke mutaabik sabhi devi-devata ek hi parameshvar ke vibhinn roop hain (ishvar swayam hi brahm ka roop hai). niraakaar parameshvar ki bhakti karne ke liye bhakt apne man mein Bhagwan ko kisi priya roop mein dekhta hai. rigved ke anusaar, "ekan sat vipra bahudha vadanti", arthaat ek hi paramasatya ko vidvaan kai naamon se bulaate hain.^[4]
• yog, nyaaya, vaisheshik, adhikaansh shaiv aur vaishnav maton ke anusaar devagan vo paraalaukik shaktiyaan hain jo ishvar ke adheen hain magar maanavon ke bheetar man par shaasan karti hain.^[5] yog darshan ke anusaar ishvar hi prajaapati aut indr jaise devataaon aur angeera jaise rishiyon ke pita aur guru hain.
• meemaansa ke anusaar sabhi devi-devata svatantr satta rakhate hain aur unke upar koi ek ishvar naheen hai. ichhit karm karne ke liye inmein se ek ya kai devataaon ko karmakaand aur pooja dvaara prasann karna zaroori hai. is prakaar ka mat shuddh roop se bahu-ishvaravaadi kaha ja sakta hai.

ek baat aur kahi ja sakti hai ki jyaadaatar vaishnav aur shaiv darshan pehle do vichaaron ko sammilit roop se maanate hain. jaise, Krishna ko parameshvar maana jaata hai jinke adheen baaki sabhi devi-devata hain aur saath hi saath, sabhi devi-devataaon ko Krishna ka hi roop maana jaata hai. teesare mat ko dharmagranth maanyata naheen dete.

jo bhi soch ho, ye devata rang-birangi hindu sanskruti ke abhinn ang hain. vaidik kaal ke mukhya Dave the-- indr, agni, som, varun, rudra, vishnu, prajaapati, savita (purush Dave) aur deviyaaain-- sarasvati, oosha, pruthvi, ityaadi (kul 33). baad ke hindu dharm mein naye devi devata aaye (kai avataar ke roop mein)-- ganesh, Ram, Krishna, hanumaan, kaartikeya, soorya-chandr aur grah aur deviyaaain (jinko maata ki upaadhi di jaati hai) jaise-- durga, paarvati, lakshmi, sheetala, seeta, kaali, ityaadi. ye sabhi devata puraanon mein ullikhit hain aur unki kul sankhya 33 koti bataayi jaati hai. puraanon ke anusaar brahma, vishnu aur Shiv saadhaaran Dave naheen, balki mahaadev hain aur trimoorti ke sadasya hain. in sabke alaava hindu dharm mein gaaya ko bhi maata ke roop mein pooja jaata hai. yeh maana jaata hai ki gaaya mein sampoorn 33 koti devi devata vaas karte hain.

hindu dharm ke paanch pramukh devata

hindu dharm maanyataaon mein paanch pramukh devata poojaneeya hai. ye ek ishvar ke hi alag-alag roop aur shaktiyaaain hain.

• soorya - svaasthya, pratishtha va safalta.
• vishnu - shaanti va vaibhav.
• Shiv - gyaan va vidya.
• shakti - shakti va suraksha.
• ganesh - buddhi va vivek.^[6]

devataaon ke guru

devataaon ke guru bruhaspati maane gaye hain. pauraanik maanyataaon ke anusaar ve maharshi angira ke putr the. Bhagwan Shiv ke kathin tap se unhonne devaguru ka pad paaya. unhonne apne gyaan bal va mantra shaktiyon se devataaon ki raksha ki. Shiv krupa se ye guru grah ke roop mein bhi poojaneeya hain. guruvaar, guru bruhaspatidev ki upaasana ka vishesh din hai.^[6][7]

daanavon ke guru

daanavon ke guru shukraachaarya maane jaate hain. brahmadev ke putr maharshi bhrugu inke pita the. shukraachaarya ne hi Shiv ki kathor tapasya kar mrut sanjeevani vidya praapt ki, jisse vah mrut shareer mein fir se praan foonk dete the. brahmadev ki krupa se yeh shukr grah ke roop mein poojaneeya hain. shukravaar shukr Dave ki upaasana ka hi vishesh din hai.^[6]

aatma

hindu dharm ke anusaar har chetan praani mein ek abhautik aatma hoti hai, jo sanaatan, avyakt, aprameya aur vikaar rahit hai. hindu dharm ke mutaabik manushya mein hi naheen, balki har pashu aur ped-paudhe, yaani ki har jeev mein aatma hoti hai. bhagavadgeeta mein Bhagwan shreekrushn dvaara aatma ke lakshan is prakaar bataae gaye hain:

na jaayate mriyte va kadaachinnaaya bhootva bhavita va na bhooya:.

ajo nitya: shaashvatoऽyan puraano, na hanyate hanyamaane shareere. 2-20.

(yeh aatma kisi kaal mein bhi na to janmata hai aur na to marata hi hai tatha na hi yeh utpann hokar fir honevaala hi hai; kyonki yeh ajanma, nitya sanaatan, puraatan hai; shareer ke maare jaane par bhi yeh naheen maara jaata.)

kisi bhi janm mein apni aajaadi se kiye gaye karmon ke mutaabik aatma agala shareer dhaaran karti hai. janm-maran ke chakr mein aatma swayam nirlipt rahte hue agala shareer dhaaran karti hai. achhe karmafal ke prabhaav se manushya kuleen ghar athva yoni mein janm le sakta hai jabki bure karm karne par nikrusht yoni mein janm lena padta hai. janm maran ka saansaarik chakr tabhi khtm hota hai jab vyakti ko moksh milta hai. uske baad aatma apne vaastavik sat-chit-aanand svabhaav ko sada ke liye pa leti hai. maanav yoni hi akela aisa janm hai jismein manushya ke karm, paap aur punyamaya fal dete hain aur sukarm ke dvaara moksh ki praapti mumkin hai. aatma aur punarjanm ke prati yahi dhaaranaaeain bauddh dharm aur sikh dharm ka bhi aadhaar hai.

hindu dharm ke pavitra granthon ko do bhaagon mein baaainta gaya hai- shruti aur smruti. shruti hindu dharm ke sarvochch granth hain, jo poornat: aparivrtaneeya hain, arthaat kisi bhi yug mein iname koi badlaav nahi kiya ja sakta. smruti granthon me desh-kaalaanusaar badlaav ho sakta hai. shruti ke antargat ved : rigved, saamaved, yajurved aur atharvaved brahm sootr va upanishd aate hain. ved shruti isaliye kahe jaate hain kyonki hinduon ka maanana hai ki in vedon ko paramaatma ne rishiyon ko sunaaya tha, jab ve gahre dhyaan mein the. vedon ko shravan parampara ke anusaar guroo dvaara shishyon ko diya jaata tha. har ved mein chaar bhaag hain- sanhitaa—aamantr bhaag, braahman-grantha—aagadya bhaag, jismein karmakaand samajhaaye gaye hain, aaranyaka—aainamein anya goodh baatein samajhaayi gayi hain, upanishd—aainamein brahm, aatma aur inke sambandh ke baare mein vivechana ki gayi hai. agar shruti aur smruti mein koi vivaad hota hai to shruti hi maanya hogi. shruti ko chhodkar anya sabhi hindu dharmagranth smruti kahe jaate hain, kyonki inmein vo kahaaniyaaain hain jinko logon ne peedhi dar peedhi yaad kiya aur baad mein likha. sabhi smruti granth vedon ki prashansa karte hain. inko vedon se nichla star praapt hai, par ye zyaada aasaan hain aur adhikaansh hinduon dvaara padhe jaate hain (bahut hi kam hindu ved padhe hote hain). pramukh smrutigranth hain:- itihaas--raamaayan aur mahaabhaarat, bhagavad geeta, puraan--(18), manusmruti, dharmashaastr aur dharmasootr, aagam shaastr. bhaarateeya darshan ke 6 pramukh ang hain- saaainkhya, yog, nyaaya, vaisheshik, meemaansa aur vedaant.

hindu dharmagranthon ke mutaabik devata dharm ke to daanav adharm ke prateek hain. lekin kya aap jaante hain ki pauraanik maanyataaon mein Dave-daanavon ko ek hi pita, kintu alag-alag maataaon ki santaan bataaya gaya hai. iske mutaabik Dave-daanavon ke pita rishi kashyap hain. vaheen, devataaon ki maata ka naam aditi aur daanavon ki maata ka naam diti hai.^[8]

vishv mein adhiktam hindu janasainkhya vaale 20 raashtra

1. Nepal 86.5%^[9]
2. Bhaarat 80.5%
3. Mauritius 54%^[10]
4. guyaana 28%^[11]
5. fiji 27.9%^[12]
6. bhootaan 25%^[13]
7. Trinidad aur Tobago 22.5%
8. sooreenaam 20%^[14]
9. Sri Lanka 15%^[15]
10. Bangladesh 9%^[16]
11. Qatar 7.2%
12. reyooniyon 6.7%
13. Malaysia 6.3%^[17]
14. bahareen 6.25%
15. Kuwait 6%
16. sanyukt arab ameeraat 5%
17. Singapore 4%
18. omaan 3%
19. beleej 2.3%
20. seshels 2.1%^[18]

vaidik kaal aur yagya

praacheen kaal mein aarya log vaidik mantron aur agni-yagya se kai devataaon ki pooja karte the. aarya devataaon ki koi moorti ya mandir naheen banaate the. pramukh aarya devata the : devaraaj indr, agni, som aur varun. unke liye vaidik mantr padhe jaate the aur agni mein ghi, doodh, dahi, jau, ityaagi ki aahuti di jaati thi. prajaapati brahma, vishnu aur Shiv ka us samay kam hi ullekh milta hai.

teerth evam teerth yaatra

Bhaarat ek vishaal desh hai, lekin usaki vishaalata aur mahaanata ko ham tab tak naheen jaan sakte, jab tak ki use dekhein naheen. is or vaise anek mahaapurooshon ka dhyaan gaya, lekin aaj se baarah sau varsh pehle aadiguroo shankaraachaarya ne iske liye ek bahut hi mahatvapoorn kaarya kiya. unhonein chaaron dishaaon mein Bhaarat ke chhoron par, chaar peeth (math) sthaapit uttar mein badareenaath ke nikat jyotipeeth, dakshin mein raameshvaram ke nikat shrrungeri peeth, poorv mein jagannaathapuri mein govardhan peeth aur pashchim mein dvaarikaapeeth. teerthon ke prati hamaare deshvaasiyon mein badi bhakti bhaavana hai. isliye shankaraachaarya ne in peetho ki sthaapana karke deshvaasiyon ko poore Bhaarat ke darshan karne ka sahaj avsar de diya. ye chaaron teerth chaar dhaam kahalaate hai. logon ki maanyata hai ki jo in chaaron dhaam ki yaatra kar leta hai, usaka jeevan dhanya ho jaata hai.

moortipooja

jyaadaatar hindu Bhagwan ki moortiyon dvaara pooja karte hain. unke liye moorti ek aasaan sa saadhan hai, jismein ki ek hi niraakaar ishvar ko kisi bhi manachaahe sundar roop mein dekha ja sakta hai. hindu log vaastav mein patthar aur lohe ki pooja naheen karte, jaisa ki kuchh log samajhte hain. moortiyaaain hinduon ke liye ishvar ki bhakti karne ke liye ek saadhan maatr hain.

mandir

hinduon ke upaasana sthalon ko mandir kehte hain. praacheen vaidik kaal mein mandir naheen hote the. tab upaasana agni ke sthaan par hoti thi jismein ek sone ki moorti ishvar ke prateek ke roop mein sthaapit ki jaati thi. ek najriye ke mutaabik bauddh aur jain dharmon dvaara buddh aur mahaaveer ki moortiyon aur mandiron dvaara pooja karne ki vajah se hindu bhi unase prabhaavit hokar mandir banaane lage. har mandir mein ek ya adhik devataaon ki upaasana hoti hai. garbhagruh mein ishtadev ki moorti pratishthit hoti hai. mandir praacheen aur madhyayugeen bhaarateeya kala ke shreshthatam prateek hain. kai mandiron mein har saal laakhon teerthayaatri aate hain.

adhikaaainsh hindu chaar shankaraachaaryon ko (jo jyotirmath, dvaarika, shrungeri aur puri ke mathon ke mathaadheesh hote hain) hindu dharm ke sarvochch dharmaguru maanate hain.

tyauhaar

navavarsh - dvaadashamaasai: sanvatsar:.' aisa ved vachan hai, isliye yeh jagatmaanya hua. sarv varshaaranbhon mein adhik yogya praaranbhadin chaitr shukl pratipda hai. ise poore Bhaarat mein alag-alag naam se sabhi hindu dhoom-dhaam se manaate hain.

hindu dharm mein sooryopaasana ke liye prasiddh parv hai chhath. moolat: soorya shashthi vrat hone ke kaaran ise chhath kaha gaya hai. yeh parv varsh mein do baar manaaya jaata hai, kintu kaal kram me ab yeh Bihar, poorvi uttar pradesh vaasiyon tak hi seemit rah gaya hai.

aashvin shukl pratipda se navaraatrotsav aarambh hota hai. navaraatrotsav mein ghatasthaapana karte hain. akhand deep ke maadhyam se nau din shri durgaadevi ki pooja arthaat navaraatrotsav manaaya jaata hai.

shraavan Krishna ashtami par janmaashtami ka utsav manaaya jaata hai. is tithi mein din bhar upavaas kar raatri baarah baje paalne mein baalak shreekrushn ka janmotsav manaaya jaata hai, uske uparaant prasaad lekar upavaas kholte hain, athva agale din praat: dahi-kalaakand ka prasaad lekar upavaas kholte hain.

aashvin shukl dashami ko vijyaadashami ka tyauhaar manaaya jaata hai. dashahare ke pehle nau dinon (navaraatri) mein dason dishaaen devi ki shakti se prabhaasit hoti hain, va un par niyantran praapt hota hai, dason dishaaonpar vijay praapt hui hoti hai. isi din Ram ne raavan par vijay praapt ki thi.

shaakaahaar

kisi bhi hindu ka shaakaahaari hona aavashyak naheen hai haalaanki shaakaahaar ko saatvik aahaar maana jaata hai. aavashyakta se adhik tala bhuna shaakaahaar grahan karna bhi raajasik maana gaya hai. maansaahaar ko isaliye achha nahi maana jaata, kyonki maans pashuon ki hatya se milta hai, at: taamasik padaarth hai. vaidik kaal mein pashuon ka maans khaane ki anumati naheen thi, ek sarvekshan ke anusaar aajkal lagbhag 70% hindu, adhiktar braahman va gujaraati aur maaravaadi hindu paaramparik roop se shaakaahaari hain. ve gomaans bhi kabhi naheen khaate, kyonki gaaya ko hindu dharm mein maata samaan maana gaya hai. kuchh hindu mandiron mein pashubali chadhti hai, par aajkal yeh pratha hinduon dvaara hi nindit kiye jaane se samaaptapraaya: hai.

varn vyavastha

praacheen hindu vyavastha mein varn vyavastha aur jaati ka vishesh mahatva tha. chaar pramukh varn the - braahman, kshatriya, vaishya, shoodr. pehle yeh vyavastha karm pradhaan thi. agar koi sena mein kaam karta tha to vah kshatriya ho jaata tha chaahe usaka janm kisi bhi jaati mein hua ho.

avataar

vaishnav dharmaavalanbi aur adhiktar hindu Bhagwan vishnu ke 10 avataar maanate hain:- matsya, koorm, varaah, vaaman, narasinh, parashuraam, Ram, Krishna, buddh aur kalki

bhakt

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	chitr evam anya media kaumans par
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	paathyapustakein vikitaab par

• hindu sabhyata (Google pustak ; lekhak - raadhaakumud mukharji)
• An Analysis of all Aspects of Hindutva
• Hindu_Website
• Hinduism is a Universal Religion