gupt raajavansh

gupt raajya lagbhag 500 E

is kaal ki ajanta chitrakala

gupt raajavansh ya gupt vansh praacheen Bhaarat ke pramukh raajavanshon mein se ek tha. ise Bhaarat ka ek svarn yug maana jaata hai.

maurya vansh ke patan ke baad deerghakaal tak Bhaarat mein raajaneetik ekta sthaapit naheen rahi. kushaan evam saatavaahanon ne raajaneetik ekta laane ka prayaas kiya. mauryottar kaal ke uparaant teesari shataabdi i. mein teen raajavansho ka udaya hua jismein madhya Bhaarat mein naag shak‍aati, dakshin mein baakaatak tatha poorvi mein gupt vansh pramukh hain. maurya vansh ke patan ke pashchaat nasht hui raajaneetik ekta ko punasthaapit karne ka shreya gupt vansh ko hai.

gupt saamraajya ki neenv teesari shataabdi ke chauthe dashak mein tatha utthaan chauthi shataabdi ki shuruaat mein hua. gupt vansh ka praarambhik raajya aadhunik uttar pradesh aur Bihar mein tha.

gupt vansh ke aarambh ke baare mein pata naheen chalta hai. jis praacheenatam gupt raaja ke baare mein pata chala hai vo hai shreegupt. haalaaki prabhaavati gupt ke poona taamrapatr abhilekh me ise 'aadiraaj' kehkar sambodhit kiya gaya hai. shreegupt ne gaya mein cheeni yaatriyon ke liye ek mandir banavaaya tha jiska ullekh cheeni yaatri itsing ne 500 varshon baad san 671 se san 695 ke beech mein kiya. puraanon mein ye kaha gaya hai ki aaranbhik gupt raajaaon ka saamraajya ganga droni, prayaag, saaket (ayodhya) tatha magadh mein faila tha. shreegupt ke samay mein mahaaraaja ki upaadhi saamanton ko pradaan ki jaati thi, at: shreegupt kisi ke adheen shaasak tha. prasiddh itihaasakaar ke. pi. jaayasavaal ke anusaar shreegupt bhaarashivon ke adheen chhote se raajya prayaag ka shaasak tha. cheeni yaatri itsing ke anusaar magadh ke mrug shikhaavan mein ek mandir ka nirmaan karavaaya tha. tatha mandir ke vyaya mein 24 gaaainv ko daan diye the.

shreegupt ke baad usaka putr ghatotkach gaddi par baitha. 280 E. .se 320 E. tak gupt saamraajya ka shaasak bana raha. isne bhi mahaaraaja ki upaadhi dhaaran ki thi.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}kahi kahi ise pehla gupt shaasak kaha gaya hai. iska kaaran theek se nahi bataaya ja sakta.

san 320 mein chandragupt pratham apne pita ghatotkach ke baad raaja bana. gupt saamraajya ki samruddhi ka yug yaheen se aarambh hota hai. chandrgupt ke sinhaasanaarohan ke avsar par (320i.) isne naveen samvat (gupt samvat) ki sthaapana ki.

chandragupt gupt vanshaavali mein pehla svatantr shaasak tha. yeh videshi ko vidroh dvaara hataakar shaasak bana. chandragupt pratham ke shaasanakaal ko bhaarateeya itihaas ka svarn yug kaha jaata hai. isne mahaaraajaadhiraaj ki upaadhi dhaaran ki thi. baad mein lichhavi ko apne saamraajya mein sammilit kar liya. iska shaasan kaal (320 E. se 350 E. tak) tha.

puraanon tatha prayaag prashasti se chandragupt pratham ke raajya ke vistaar ke vishay mein jaankaari milti hai. chandragupt ne lichhavi ke sahayog aur samarthan paane ke liye unki Rajkumari Kumar devi ke saath vivaah kiya. smith ke anusaar is vaivaahik sambandh ke parinaamasvaroop chandragupt ne lichhaviyon ka raajya praapt kar liya tatha magadh uske seemaavarti kshetr mein aa gaya. Kumar devi ke saath vivaah-sambandh karke chandragupt pratham ne vaishaali raajya praapt kiya. chandragupt ne jo sikke chalaae usamein chandragupt aur kumaaradevi ke chitr ankit hote the. lichhaviyon ke doosare raajya Nepal ke raajya ko uske putr samudragupt ne milaaya.

hemachandr rai chaudhari ke anusaar apne mahaan poorvavarti shaasak bimbisaar ki bhaaainti chandragupt pratham ne lichhavi Rajkumari Kumar devi ke saath vivaah kar dviteeya magadh saamraajya ki sthaapana ki. usane vivaah ki smruti mein raaja-raani prakaar ke sik‍aakon ka chalan karavaaya. is prakaar spasht hai ki lichhaviyon ke saath sambandh sthaapit kar chandragupt pratham ne apne raajya ko raajanaitik drushti se sudrudh tatha aarthik drushti se samruddh bana diya. rai chaudhari ke anusaar chandragupt pratham ne kaushaambi tatha kaushal ke mahaaraajaaon ko jeetkar apne raajya mein milaaya tatha saamraajya ki rajdhani paataliputr mein sthaapit ki.

chandragupt pratham ke baad 335 E. mein usaka tatha kumaaradevi ka putr samudragupt raajasinhaasan par baitha. samudragupt ka janm lichhavi Rajkumari Kumar devi ke garbh se hua tha. sampoorn praacheen bhaarateeya itihaas mein mahaanatam shaasakon ke roop mein vah naamit kiya jaata hai. inhein parakramaank kaha gaya hai. samudragupt ka shaasanakaal raajanaitik evam saanskrutik drushti se gupt saamraajya ke utkarsh ka kaal maana jaata hai. is saamraajya ki rajdhani paataliputr thi. samudragupt ne mahaaraajaadhiraaj ki upaadhi dhaaran ki.

samudragupt ek asaadhaaran sainik yogyata wala mahaan vijit samraat tha. vinset smith ne inhein nepoliyn ki upadhi di. usaka sabse mahatvapoorn abhiyaan dakshin ki taraf (dakshinaapath) tha. ismein uske baarah vijyon ka ullekh milta hai.

samudragupt ek achha raaja hone ke atirikt ek achha kavi tatha sangeetajnya bhi tha. usaka dehaant 380 E. mein hua jiske baad usaka putr chandgupt dviteeya raaja bana. yeh uchchakoti ka vidvaan tatha vidya ka udaar sanrakshak tha. use kaviraaj bhi kaha gaya hai. vah mahaan sangeetajnya tha jise veena vaadan ka shauk tha. isne prasiddh bauddh vidvaan vasubandhu ko apna mantri niyuk‍aat kiya tha.

harishen samudragupt ka mantri evam darabaari kavi tha. harishen dvaara rachit prayaag prashasti se samudragupt ke raajyaarohan, vijay, saamraajya vistaar ke sambandh mein jaankaari praapt hoti hai.

kaavyaalankaar sootr mein samudragupt ka naam chandraprakaash milta hai. usane udaar, daanasheel, asahaayi tatha anaathon ko apna aashray diya. samudragupt ek dharmanishth bhi tha lekin vah hindu dharm mat ka paalan karta tha. vaidik dharm ke anusaar inhein dharm va praacheer bandh yaani dharm ki praacheer kaha gaya hai.

samudragupt ka saamraajya- samudragupt ne ek vishaal saamraajya ka nirmaan kiya jo uttar mein himaalaya se lekar dakshin mein vindhya parvat tak tatha poorv mein Bengal ki khaadi se pash‍aachim mein poorvi maalava tak vistrut tha. Kashmir, pash‍aachimi Punjab, pash‍aachimi rajputana, sindh tatha Gujarat ko chhodkar samast uttar Bhaarat ismein sammilit the. dakshinaapath ke shaasak tatha pash‍aachimottar Bhaarat ki videshi shak‍aatiyaaain usaki adheenata sveekaar karti theen.

samudragupt ke kaal mein sadiyon ke raajaneetik vikendreekaran tatha videshi shak‍aatiyon ke aadhiptya ke baad aaryaavart pun: naitik, bauddhik tatha bhautik un‍aanati ki choti par ja pahuaincha tha.

samudragupt ke baad raamagupt samraat bana, lekin iske raaja banane mein vibhin‍aan vidvaanon mein matabhed hai|

vibhin‍aan saakshyon ke aadhaar par pata chalta hai ki samudragupt ke do putr the- raamagupt tatha chandragupt. raamagupt bada hone ke kaaran pita ki mrutyu ke baad gaddi par baitha, lekin vah nirbal evam kaayar tha. vah shakon dvaara paraajit hua aur atyant apamaanajanak sandhi kar apni pat‍aani dhruvasvaamini ko shakaraaj ko bheint mein de diya tha, lekin usaka chhota bhaai chandragupt dviteeya bada hi veer evam svaabhimaani vyak‍aati tha. vah chhad‍aam bhesh mein dhruvasvaamini ke vesh mein shakaraaj ke paas gaya. falat: raamagupt nindaneeya hota gaya. tatpash‍aachaat ‌achandragupt dviteeya ne apne bade bhaai raamagupt ki hatya kar di. usaki pat‍aani se vivaah kar liya aur gupt vansh ka shaasak ban baitha.

chandragupt vikramaaditya ki mudra

chandragupt dviteeya 375 E. mein sinhaasan par aaseen hua. vah samudragupt ki pradhaan mahishi dattadevi se hua tha. vah vikramaaditya ke naam se itihaas mein prasiddh hua. usane 375 se 415 E. tak (40 varsh) shaasan kiya.

chandragupt dviteeya ne shakon par apni vijay haasil ki jiske baad gupt saamraajya ek shaktishaali raajya ban gaya. chandragupt dviteeya ke samay mein kshetreeya tatha saanskrutik vistaar hua.

haalaanki chandragupt dviteeya ka anya naam Dave, devagupt, devaraaj, devashri aadi hain. usane vikrayaank, vikramaaditya, param Bhagwat aadi upaadhiyaaain dhaaran ki. usane naagavansh, vaakaatak aur kadamb raajavansh ke saath vaivaahik sambandh sthaapit kiye. chandragupt dviteeya ne naag Rajkumari kuber naaga ke saath vivaah kiya jisse ek kanya prabhaavati gupt paida hui. vaakaatakon ka sahayog paane ke liye chandragupt ne apni putri prabhaavati gupt ka vivaah vaakaatak naresh roodrasen dviteeya ke saath kar diya. usane esa sanbhavat: isliye kiya ki shakon par aakraman karne se pehle dakkan mein usako samarthan haasil ho jaae. usane prabhaavati gupt ke sahayog se Gujarat aur kaathiyaavaad ki vijay praapt ki. vaakaatakon aur gupton ki sammilit shak‍aati se shakon ka unmoolan kiya.

kadamb raajavansh ka shaasan kuntal (Karnataka) mein tha. chandragupt ke putr kumaaragupt pratham ka vivaah kadamb vansh mein hua.

shak us samay Gujarat tatha maalava ke pradeshon par raaj rak rahe the. shakon par vijay ke baad usaka saamraajya na keval majaboot bana balki usaka pashchimi samudra pattanon par adhiptya bhi sthaapit hua. is vijay ke pashchaat ujjain gupt saamraajya ki rajdhani bana.

vidvaanon ko ismein sandeh hai ki chandragupt dviteeya tatha vikramaaditya ek hi vyakti the. uske shaasanakaal mein cheeni bauddh yaatri faahiyaan ne 399 isvi se 414 isvi tak Bhaarat ki yaatra ki. usane Bhaarat ka varnan ek sukhi aur samruddh desh ke roop mein kiya. chandragupt dviteeya ke shaasanakaal ko svarn yug bhi kaha gaya hai.

chandragupt ek mahaan prataapi samraat tha. usane apne saamraajya ka aur vistaar kiya.

1. shak vijay- pash‍aachim mein shak kshatrap shak‍aatishaali saamraajya tha. ye gupt raajaaon ko hamesha pareshaan karte the. shak Gujarat ke kaathiyaavaad tatha pash‍aachimi maalava par raajya karte the. 389 E. 412 E. ke madhya chandragupt dviteeya dvaara shakon par aakraman kar vijit kiya.
2. vaaheek vijay- mahaashaili stambh lekh ke anusaar chandr gupt dviteeya ne sindhu ke paaainch mukhon ko paar kar vaahikon par vijay praapt ki thi. vaahikon ka sameekaran kushaanon se kiya gaya hai, Punjab ka vah bhaag jo vyaas ka niktavarti bhaag hai.
3. Bengal vijay- mahaashaili stambh lekh ke anusaar yeh gyaat hota hai ki chandr gupt dviteeya ne Bengal ke shaasakon ke sangh ko paraast kiya tha.
4. ganaraajyon par vijay- pash‍aachimottar Bhaarat ke anek ganaraajyon dvaara samudragupt ki mrutyu ke pash‍aachaat‌aaapani svatantrata ghoshit kar di gayi thi.

parinaamat: chandragupt dviteeya dvaara in ganarajyon ko pun: vijit kar gupt saamraajya mein vileen kiya gaya. apni vijyon ke parinaamasvaroop chandragupt dviteeya ne ek vishaal saamraajya ki sthaapana ki. usaka saamraajya pash‍aachim mein Gujarat se lekar poorv mein Bengal tak tatha uttar mein himaalaya ki taapaghati se dakshin mein narmada nadi tak vistrut tha. chandragupt dviteeya ke shaasan kaal mein usaki pratham rajdhani paataliputr aur dviteeya rajdhani ujjayini thi.

chandragupt dviteeya ka kaal kala-saahitya ka svarn yug kaha jaata hai. uske darbaar mein vidvaanon evam kalaakaaron ko aashray praapt tha. uske darbaar mein nau rat‍aan the- kaalidaas, dhanvantari, kshapanak, amarasinh, shanku, betaal bhatt, ghatakarpar, vaaraahamihir, vararuchi, aaryabhatt, vishaakhadatt, shoodrak, bramhagupt, vishnusharma aur bhaaskaraachaarya ullekhaneeya the. brahmagupt ne brahmasiddhaant pratipaadit kiya jise baad mein nyootan ne gurutvaakarshan ke naam se pratipaadit kiya.

kumaaragupt pratham, chandragupt dviteeya ki mrutyu ke baad san 412 mein sattaaroodh hua. apne daada samudragupt ki tarah usane bhi ashvamegh yagya ke sikke jaari kiye. kumaaragupt ne chaalees varshon tak shaasan kiya.

kumaaragupt pratham (412 E. se 455 E.)- chandragupt dviteeya ke pash‍achaat‌a412 E. mein usaka putr kumaaragupt pratham sinhaasan par baitha. vah chandragupt dviteeya ki pat‍aani dhruvadevi se utpan‍aan sabse bada putr tha, jabki govindagupt usaka chhota bhaai tha. yeh kumaaragupt ke basaath (vaishaali) ka raajyapaal tha.

kumaaragupt pratham ka shaasan shaanti aur suvyavastha ka kaal tha. saamraajya ki un‍aanati ke paraakaashtha par tha. isne apne saamraajya ka adhik sangathit aur sushobhit banaaye rakha. gupt sena ne pushyamitron ko buri tarah paraast kiya tha. kumaaragupt ne apne vishaal saamraajya ki poori tarah raksha ki jo uttar mein himaalaya se dakshin mein narmada tak tatha poorv mein Bengal ki khaadi se lekar pash‍aachim mein arab saagar tak vistrut tha.

kumaaragupt pratham ke abhilekhon ya mudraaon se gyaat hota hai ki usane anek upaadhiyaaain dhaaran keen. usane Mahendra Kumar, shri Mahendra, shri Mahendra Singh, mahendra divya aadi upaadhi dhaaran ki thi. milrakd abhilekh se gyaat hota hai ki kumaaragupt ke saamraajya mein chaturdik sukh evam shaanti ka vaataavaran vidyamaan tha. kumaaragupt pratham swayam vaishnav dharmaanuyaayi tha, kintu usane dharm sahishnuta ki neeti ka paalan kiya. gupt shaasakon mein sarvaadhik abhilekh kumaaragupt ke hi praapt hue hain. usane adhikaadhik sankya mein mayoor aakruti ki rajat mudraaen prachalit ki theen. usi ke shaasanakaal mein naalanda vish‍aavavidyaalaya ki sthaapana ki gayi thi.

kumaaragupt pratham ke shaasanakaal ki pramukh ghatanaon ka nimn vivran hai-

1. pushyamitr se yuddh- bheetari abhilekh se gyaat hota hai ki kumaaragupt ke shaasanakaal ke antim kshan mein shaanti naheen thi. is kaal mein pushyamitr ne gupt saamraajya par aakraman kiya. is yuddh ka sanchaalan kumaaragupt ke putr skandagupt ne kiya tha. usane pushyamitr ko yuddh mein paraast kiya.
2. dakshini vijay abhiyaan- kuchh itihaas ke vidvaanon ke mataanusaar kumaaragupt ne bhi samudragupt ke samaan dakshin Bhaarat ka vijay abhiyaan chalaaya tha, lekin sataara jile se praapt abhilekhon se yeh spasht naheen ho paata hai.
3. ash‍aavamedh yagya- sataara jile se praapt 1,395 mudraaon va lekar pur se 13 mudraaon ke sahaare se ash‍aavamedh yagya karne ki pushti hoti hai.

pushyamitr ke aakraman ke samay hi gupt shaasak kumaaragupt pratham ki 455 E. mein mrutyu ho gayi thi. usaki mrutyu ke baad usaka putr skandagupt sinhaasan par baitha. usane sarvapratham pushyamitr ko paraajit kiya aur us par vijay praapt ki. hainlaanki sainya abhiyaanon mein vo pehle se hi shaamil rahata tha. mandasaur shilaalekh se j'jaat hota hai ki skandagupt ki praarambhik kathinaaiyon ka faayda uthaate hue vaakaatak shaasak Narendra sen ne maalava par adhikaar kar liya parantu skandagupt ne vaakaatak shaasak Narendra sen ko paraajit kar diya.

skandagupt ne 12 varsh tak shaasan kiya. skandagupt ne vikramaaditya, kramaaditya aadi upaadhiyaaain dhaaran keen. kaheeya abhilekh mein skandagupt ko shakropan kaha gaya hai.

skandagupt ka shaasan bada udaar tha jismein praja poornaroopen sukhi aur samruddh thi. skandagupt ek atyant lokopakaari shaasak tha jise apni praja ke sukh-du:kh ki nirntar chinta bani rahati thi. joonaagadh abhilekh se pata chalta hai ki skandagupt ke shaasan kaal mein bhaari varsha ke kaaran sudarshan jheel ka baaaindh toot gaya tha usane do maah ke bheetar atul dhan ka vyaya karke pattharon ki jadaai dvaara us jheel ke baaaindh ka punarnirmaan karva diya.

uske shaasanakaal mein sangharshon ki bharamaar lagi rahi. usako sabse adhik pareshaan madhya Asiaee hoon logo ne kiya. hoon ek bahut hi durdaant kabeele the tatha unke saamraajya se pashchim mein roman saamraajya ko bhi khatra bana hua tha. shvet hoonon ke naam se pukaare jaane waali unki ek shaakha ne hindukush parvat ko paar karke faaras tatha Bhaarat ki or rukh kiya. unhonne pehle gaandhaar par kabja kar liya aur fir gupt saamraajya ko chunauti di. par skandagupt ne unhe karaari shikast di aur hoonon ne agale 50 varshon tak apne ko Bhaarat se door rakha. skandagupt ne mauryakaal mein bani sudarshan jheel ka jeernoddhaar bhi karavaaya.

govindagupt skandagupt ka chhota chaacha tha, jo maalava ke Governor pad par niyuk‍aat tha. isne skandagupt ke viruddh vidroh kar diya. skandagupt ne is vidroh ka daman kiya.

skandagupt raajavansh ka aakhiri shak‍aatishaali samraat tha. 467 E. usaka nidhan ho gaya.

skandagupt ki mrutya san 467 mein hui. hanlaanki gupt vansh ka astitv iske 100 varshon baad tak bana raha par yeh dheere dheere kamjor hota chala gaya.

skandagupt ke baad is saamraajya mein nimnalikhit pramukh raaja hue:

purugupt

yeh kumaaragupt ka putr tha aur skandagupt ka sautela bhaai tha. skandagupt ka koi apna putr naheen tha. purugupt budhaapa avastha mein raajasinhaasan par baitha tha falat: vah suchaaru roop se shaasan ko naheen chala paaya aur saamraajya ka patan praarambh ho gaya.

gupt saamraajya ka 550 E. mein patan ho gaya. buddhagupt ke uttaraadhikaari ayogya nikle aur hoonon ke aakraman ka saamana naheen kar sake. hoonon ne san 512 mein toramaan ke netrutv mein fir hamla kiya aur gvaaliyr tatha maalava tak ke ek bade kshetr par adhiptya kaayam kar liya. iske baad san 606 mein harsh ka shaasan aane ke pehle tak aaraajakata chhaai rahi. hoon jyaada samay tak shaasan na kar sake.

uttar gupt raajavansh

gupt vansh ke patan ke baad bhaarateeya raajaneeti mein vikendreekaran evam anish‍aachitta ka maahaul utpan‍aan ho gaya. anek sthaaneeya saamanton evam shaasakon ne saamraajya ke vistrut kshetron mein alag-alag chhote-chhote raajavanshon ki sthaapana kar li. ismein ek tha- uttar gupt raajavansh. is raajavansh ne kareeb do shataabdiyon tak shaasan kiya. is vansh ke lekhon mein chakravarti gupt raajaaon ka ullekh naheen hai.

paravarti gupt vansh ke sansthaapak krushnagupt ne (510 E. 521 E.) sthaapana ki. afasadh lekh ke anusaar magadh usaka mool sthaan tha, jabki vidvaanon ne unka mool sthaan maalava kaha gaya hai. usaka uttaraadhikaari harshagupt hua hai. uttar gupt vansh ke teen shaasakon ne shaasan kiya. teenon shaasakon ne maukhari vansh se maitreepoorn sambandh kaayam rah.

kumaaragupt yeh uttar gupt vansh ka chautha raaja tha jo jeevit gupt ka putr tha. yeh shaasak atyant shak‍aatishaali evam mahatvaakaankshi tha. isne mahaaraajaadhiraaj ki upaadhi dhaaran ki. usaka pratidvandi maukhari naresh ishaan varma samaan roop se mahatvaakaankshi shaasak tha. is samay prayaag mein pooshyaarjan hetu praanaant karne ki pratha prachalit thi. haang gaangeya Dave jaise shasakon ka anusaran karte hue Kumar gupt ne prayaag jaakar svarg praapti ki laalasa se apne jeevan ka tyaag kiya.

• shreegupt 240-280
• ghatotkach gupt 280-319
• chandragupt 319-335
• samudragupt 335-380
• raamagupt 380
• chandragupt vikramaaditya 380-413
• kumaaragupt 1 413-455
• skandagupt 455-467
• narasinhagupt baalaaditya 467-473
• kumaaragupt 2 473-476
• buddhagupt 476-495

vikimeediya kaumans par gupt raajavansh se sambandhit media hai.