granthataal
granthataal (Borassus flabellifer L. boraasoos flaabeleefer) ko paameera paam (Palmyra palm) kehte hain. Mumbai ke ilaake mein log ise "branb" bhi kehte hain. yeh ekadali varg, taal (Palmeae paalmeai) kul ka sadasya hai aur garam tatha nam pradeshon mein paaya jaata hai. yeh arab desh ka paudha hai, par Bhaarat, barma tatha lanka mein ab adhik maatra mein ugaaya jaata hai. arab ke praacheen nagar "paameera" ke naam par kadaachit is paudhe ka naam "paameera paam" pada hai. granthataal samudratateeya ilaakon tatha shushk sthaanon mein balui mitti par paaya jaata hai.
iske paudhe kaafi ooainche (60-70 foot) hote hain. tana praaya: seedha aur shaakhaarahit hota hai evam iske oopari bhaag mein guchhedaar, pankhe ke samaan pattiyaaain hoti hain. granthataal ke nar tatha maada paudhon ko unke foolaguchhe se pahachaana jaata hai. paudhe faalgun maheene mein foolate hain aur fal jyeshth tak aa jaata hai. ye fal shraavanamaas tak pak jaate hain. pratyek fal mein ek beej hota hai, jo kada tatha supaari ki bhaaainti hota hai. do ya teen maas tak jameen ke andar gade rahane par beej ankurit ho jaata hai.
aarthik mahatva
paudhe ka lagbhag har bhaag manushya apne kaam mein laata hai. ek tamil kavi ne is paudhe ke 800 vibhinn upayogon ka varnan kiya hai. iska tana bada hi majaboot heta hai aur ispar samudri jal ka koi bura asar naheen padta. at: iska upayog naav ityaadi banaane mein kiya jaata hai. iski pattiyaaain makaan chhaane evam chataai tatha daliya banaane ke kaam mein laai jaati hain. is paudhe se paaainch prakaar ke reshe nikaale jaate hain :
- (k) pattiyon ke danthal ke nichle bhaag se niklanevaala resha,
- (kh) patti ke danthal se niklanevaala resha,
- (g) tane se niklanevaala ""taar"" naamak resha,
- (gh) fal ke oopari bhaag se niklanevaala resha tatha
- (ङ) pattiyon se niklanevaala resha.
is reshe tatha pattiyon se tarah tarah ki vastueain banaai jaati hai, jinmein chataai, daliya, dibbe tatha hait mukhya hain. reshe ka ek mahatvapoorn upayog brash banaane mein kiya jaata hai. tooteekoran se granthataal ka resha baahar bheja jaata hai. Bengal tatha dakshin ki kuchh jagahon mein iski lambi pattiyaaain slet ki tarah likhne ke kaam mein laai jaati hain.
granthataal ka oshadhi ke liye bhi paryapt mahatva hai. iska ras sfoortidaayak hota hai tatha jad aur kachche beej se kuchh davaaeain banaai jaati hain. iske pushpaguchh ko jalaakar banaaya gaya bhasm badhi hui tilli ke rogi ko dene se laabh hota hai.
granthataal ke pushpaguchhi danthal se adhik maatra mein taadi nikaali jaati hai, jisse maadak peya, sharkara tatha sirka banaaya jaata hai. ek ped se prati din teen chaar kvaart taadi praaya: chaar paaainch maas tak niklati hai. 15-20 varsh puraane ped se taadi nikaalna aarambh karte hain aur 50 varsh tak ke puraane ped se taadi niklati hai. iski taadi mein mithaas adhik hoti hai. meethi double roti banaane ke liye barma mein taadi ko aate mein milaaya jaata hai.
dakshini Bhaarat mein kaheen kaheen granthataal ke beejon ko kheton mein ugaate hain aur jab paudhe 3-4 maas ke ho jaate hain to unhein kaatkar sabji ke roop mein upayog karte hain.