fraans
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Réapublique françaaaise fraans ganaraajya
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raashtravaakya: Liberté, Éaagalité, Fraternité "svatantrata, samaanata, bandhutatv" |
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| raashtragaan: “la marseillaise” | ||||||
 mahaanagareeya fraans (gahre hare rang mein), Europeeya sangh (hare rang mein), Europe (hare aur gahre bhoore rang mein)
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 vishv mein fraanseesi ganaraajya ke kshetr |
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rajdhani aur sabse badaa nagar |
peris 48°a52′aN 2°a19.59′aE / 48.867°aN 2.3265°aE |
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| raajabhaasha(eain) | fraanseesi | |||||
| nivaasi | fraanseesi | |||||
| sarkaar | ekeeya arddh adhyaksheeya ganaraajya | |||||
| - | raashtrapati | fraansuaa olaand | ||||
| - | pradhaanamantri | maanuail vaals | ||||
| vidhaan mandal | sansad | |||||
| - | uchch sadan | senate | ||||
| - | nimn sadan | raashtreeya parishad | ||||
| gathan | ||||||
| - | verdun sandhi | 843 | ||||
| - | fraanseesi kraanti | 1789 | ||||
| - | paanchavaan ganaraajya | 1958 | ||||
| kshetrafal | ||||||
| - | kul[1] | 6,74,843 varg kilometer (43 vaan) 2,60,558 varg meal |
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| - | mahaanagareeya fraans | |||||
| - aaijeeen[2] | km2 (47 vaan) sq mi |
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| - kadaastre[3] | km2 (47 vaan) sq mi |
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| janasankhya | ||||||
| (1 January 2009 anumaan) | ||||||
| - | kul[1] | 6,50,73,482[5] (19 vaan) | ||||
| - | mahaanagareeya fraans | 6,24,48,977[4] (22 vaan) | ||||
| sakal ghareloo utpaad (PPP) | 2008 praakkalan | |||||
| - | kul | $2.086 triliyn (-) | ||||
| - | prati vyakti | $33,334 (18) | ||||
| maanav vikaas soochakaank (2013) |
 0.884[6]bahut uchch · 20vaaain |
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| mudra |
Euro,[7] seeefae fraank[8] (EUR, XPF) |
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| samay mandal | CET (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+1) | |||||
| - | greeshmakaaleen (di॰ba॰asa॰) | CEST (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+2) | ||||
| doorabhaash koot | 331 | |||||
| Internet teeeladi | .fr[9] | |||||
| pravaasi kshetr aur kalektivs fraanseesi telephone number yojana ke bhaag hain, lekin unke apne kaaling code hain: guaadeloop +590; maartineek +596; French guyaana +594, reeyooniyn aur maayote +262; seint peri et mikveelon +508. pravaasi kshetr jo fraanseesi telephone number yojana ka hissa naheen hain, un deshon ke kaaling code hain: new keledoniya +687, French polineshiya +689; vaalis aur futuna +681 | ||||||
fraans, (aadhikaarik taur par fraans ganaraajya ; fraanseesi: Réapublique françaaaise) pashchim Europe mein sthit ek desh hai kintu iska kuchh bhoobhaag sansaar ke anya bhaagon mein bhi hain. peris iski rajdhani hai. yeh Europeeya sangh ka sadasya hai. kshetrafal ki drushti se yeh Europe mahaadveep ka sabse bada desh hai, jo uttar mein Belgium, lakseinbarg, poorv mein Germany, svitsaralaind, Italy, dakshin-pashchim mein Spain, pashchim mein aitalaintik saagar, dakshin mein bhoomadhyasaagar tatha uttar pashchim mein english channel dvaara ghira hai. is prakaar yeh teen or saagaron se ghira hai. suraksha ki drushti se iski sthiti uttam naheen hai.
apne shadakoneeya aakaar ke kaaran ise praay: l'heksaagon ( L'Hexagone ) kaha jaata hai. kai shataabdiyon tak France majaboot aarthik, saanskrutik, sainik aur raajaneetik prabhaav sv yukt pramukh shakti raha hai. 17 veen sadi ke ant se duniya ke sabse shaktishaali deshon mein se ek hai. 18veen aur 19veen shataabdi ke dauraan France ne pashchimi afreeka aur dakshin poorv Asia mein ek bahut bada aupaniveshik saamraajya sthaapit kiya tha. yeh sanyukt raashtra sangh ka bhi sansthaapak sadasya hone ke saath-saath sanyukt raashtra suraksha parishad ke paaainch sthaai sadasyon mein se ek hai. iske alaava yeh samooh-8 aur naato ka sadasya bhi hai. parmaanu shakti sampann is desh ke paas sakriya parmaanu yuddh hathiyaar aur parmaanu oorja sanyantr hain.
anukram
bhoogol aur mausam
mahaanagareeya France pashchimi Europe mein sthit hai. iski seema Belgium, laksembarg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, monaako, andora aur Spain se milti hai. France ki seema se lagi hui do parvat shrrunkhalaaen hain, poorv mein aalps aur dakshin mein prenis. France se pravaahit hone waali kai nadiyon mein se do nadiyaan pramukh hain, scene aur loyar. France ke uttar aur pashchim mein nichli pahaadiyon aur nadi ghaatiyaan hain.
yeh desh samatal evam saath-saath pahaadi bhi hai. uttar mein sthit pairis tatha aikviten besin bruhad maidaan ke hi bhaag hain. pashchim ki or britaini, Europe ki uttar-pashchimi, uchch peteevaali bhoomi se sambandhit hai. poorv ki or praacheen chattaanon ke bhookhandon ka kram milta hai, jaise madhya ka pathaar tatha aarden (Ardennes) parvat. is desh ke dakshin mein pireneej tatha ailps-joora parvaton ka samooh paaya jaata hai. iska dakshin-poorvi bhaag pahaadi va oobad khaabad hai jo 6,000 foot se bhi adhik ooaincha hai.
France mein alag-alag hisson mein alag-alag mausam ka prabhaav paaya jaata hai. uttar aur pashchim mein andh mahaasaagar ka mausam par gahra prabhaav hai, jiski vajah se kshetr ka taapamaan saal bhar ek jaisa rahata hai. poorv mein sardiyon thandi aur mausam achha hai. garmi garm aur toofaani rahati hai. dakshin mein garmi garm aur sookhi rahati hai. sardiyon ka mausam thanda aur nami wala rahata hai.
praakrutik aadhaar par ise aath bhaagon mein baaaint sakte hain.
- 1. pairis besin - yeh desh ka ati mahatvapoorn bhaag hai, jo yaataayaat saadhanon dvaara desh ke har bhaag se juda hai. yeh besin ek katori ke roop mein hai, jo beech mein gahra tatha chaaron or ooaincha hota gaya hai. is bhaag ko pun: (1) madhya ka besin, (2) shaipen evam varagandi ke kagaar, (3) loren ke kagaar, (4) poorvi pradesh tatha ron ghaati aur (5) lvaar (Loir) pradesh tatha nauramaindi, bhaagon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai.
- 2. uttar-pashchimi pradesh - yeh ek samatal bhaag hai. yahaaain par nauramaindi tatha britaini pahaadiyaaain avashya kuchh ooaincha neecha dharaatal prastut karti hain. yahaaain do samaantar shreniyaaain dakshin-pashchim mein daauninaij khaadi ke uttar-dakshin mein faili hain. uttari shreni mauts de aari kahalaati hai, jiska sarvochch shikhar seint maaikel (1,285 foot) hai. yahi britaini ka sabse ooaincha bhaag hai.
- 3. aikviten besin - yeh tribhujaakaar nimn bhoomi hai. iske saagaratateeya bhaag mein ret ke teele milte hain. iska aantarik pradesh 'laideej' kahalaata hai, jo praaya: banjar sa hai.
- 4. madhya ka pathaar - is bhaag ki ausat ooainchaai 2,500 foot se bhi adhik hai. iski ooainchaai dakshin-poorv ko uthati jaati hai aur ron ki ghaati mein samaapt ho jaati hai. iski poorvi seema par seven (Cevennes) parvat sthit hai. yahaaain kleyaramaunt ke niktavarti kshetr mein ab bhi shanku ke aakaar ki 70 pahaadiyaaain hain, jinka udgaar praacheen samay mein hua tha. puej di dom jvaalaamukhi choti saagaratal se 4,805 foot ooainchi hai.
- 5. poorvi seemaapradesh - is pradesh mein boj tatha aarden parvaton ka kram faila hai. donon ke beech mein raain ghaati sthit hai. boj parvat 175 meal ki lanbaai mein shreni ke roop mein faila hai. yahaaain ki varsha ka paani jameen ke andar chala jaata hai tatha jameen ke oopar dhaaraaeain kam dikhaai deti hain.
- 6. ron seon ghaati - yeh madhya ke pathaar tatha ailps-joora-shreniyon ke madhya mein sthit hai. yeh mauntegnij dela koti de or, seon tatha lvaar ke khadd se praarambh hoti hai aur scene nadi ke udgam sthaan tak chali jaati hai.
- 7. bhoomadhya saagareeya pradesh - raain delta ke poorvi bhaag mein seedhi khadi chattaanein saagaratat ke paas tak aa gayi hain. maarsei ke pashchim mein anek daladal milte hain. raain delta ke pashchimi tat par pireneej tak tatha pashchim ki or gaironi tak laigvidauk ka prasiddh kshetr paaya jaata hai. is kshetr ko seven ki shreni kaatati hai. iska tat nimn tatha reteela hai.
- 8. pashchimi ailps tatha joora pradesh - France ki dakshinpashchimi seemaaeain pinaain, grenaain, kotiyaan tatha mairitaaim ailps dvaara bani hai. savauya par 15,775 foot ooaincha mount black sthit hai. samudra ki or ausat ooainchaai baraabar ghatati jaati hai. is bhaag mein kai pramukh darre hain. joora parvat France mein sabse ooaincha hai. iski pramukh chotiyaaain kret di la neege (Cret de La Neige) 5,500 foot tatha maunt di or (Mont de Or) 5,660 foot hain.
jalavaayu - yahaaain ki jalavaayu samudri hai, jiska prabhaav saagar se door jaane par kam hota jaata hai. Europeeya vichaar se pashchimi tateeya bhaag mein nimn taap, paryaapt varsha, sheetal garamiyaaain tatha thandi sardiyaaain jalavaayu ki visheshataaeain hain. poorvi tatha madhya ke bhaag mein mahaadveepeeya jalavaayu milti hai, jahaaain greeshm mein garmi, paryaapt varsha evam sardiyon mein kadi sardi padti hai. dakshini France mein, parvateeya bhaagon ko chhodkar shesh mein, bhoomadhya saagareeya jalavaayu milti hai, jahaaain thandi sardiyaaain, garam garamiyaaain tatha kam varsha hoti hai. pairis ka ausat taap 10 degree celcius tatha varsha 22 inch hai. varsha britaini, uttari tateeya bhaag tatha pahaadi bhaagon mein adhik hoti hai.
krushi - yahaaain krushi pramukh udyog hai. Europe mein krushigt vastuon ke niryaat mein needaralainds ke baad iska hi sthaan hai. krushi yogya kshetr adhikaansh uttari bhaag mein sthit hai. krushi mein gehooain, jau, jai, chukandar, patuaa, aaloo tatha angoor ka sthaan pramukh hai.
khanij - koyala, loren tatha madhyavarti jilon mein milta hai. koyala kam hote hue bhi France ko koyale mein vishv mein teesara sthaan praapt hai. iske atirikt yahaaain aintimni, bauksaait, maigneeshiym, paairaait tatha tangstan, namak, potaash, floraspaar bhi milta hai.
udyog - loren tatha madhyavarteeya bhaag mein sthit lauh ispaat udyog sabse pramukh udyog hai. udyogon ke liye pireneej tatha ailps se paryaapt vidyut praapt ho jaati hai. leel (Lille), ailsais tatha nauramaindi mein baahar se rooi maingaakar sooti kapde banaae jaate hain. ooni vastron ke liye roobe (Roubaix) tatha toorakvai (Tourcoing) pramukh jile hain. leyaun mein reshami kapda banta hai. iske alaava jalayaan nirmaan, svachaalit yantr, chitramaya parade, sugandhit dravya, cheeni mitti ke baratan, sharaab, aabhooshan, shrungaar ki vastuon, feete, lakdi ki vastuon ke utpaadan mein to France ne vishv ke anya deshon ko peechhe chhod diya hai.
itihaas
France shabd laateeni bhaasha ke frainkiya (Francia) se aaya hai, jiska arth fraanks ki bhoomi ya fraankalaind hai. aadhunik France ki seema praacheen gaul ki seema ke samaan hi hai. praacheen gaul mein seltik gaul nivaas karte the. gaul par pehli shataabdi mein rom ke julias seejr ne jeet haasil ki thi. tadoparaant gaul ne roman bhaasha (laatini, jisse fraanseesi bhaasha viksit hui) aur roman sanskruti ko apnaaya. isaaiyat doosari shataabdi aur teesari shataabdi mein pahunchi aur chauthi aur paanchaveen shataabdi tak sthaapit ho gayi.
chauthi sadi mein jarmanik janajaati, mukhyat: frainks ne gaul par kabja jamaaya. is se Francis naam dikhaai diya. aadhunik naam "France" peris ke aaspaas ke France ke kaapetiyn raajaaon ke naam se aata hai. frainks Europe ki pehli janajaati thi, jisne roman saamraajya ke patan ke baad aariyaanijm ko apnaane ki bajaae Catholic isaai dharm ko sveekaar kiya.
vardan sandhi (843) ke baad shaaralemegne ka saamraajya teen bhaagon mein vibhaajit ho gaya. inmein sabse bada kshetr pashchimi fraansiya tha, jo aaj ke France ke baraabar tha.
hyoog kaapet ke France ke raaja banane tak kaarolingiyn raajavansh ne 987 tak France par raaj kiya. unke vanshajon ne anek yuddhon aur poorvajon ki viraasat ke saath desh ko ekeekrut kiya. 17 veen sadi aur lui chaudahavein ke shaasanakaal ke dauraan France sabse adhik shaktishaali tha. us samay France ki Europe mein sabse badi aabaadi thi. desh ka Europeeya raajaneeti, arthavyavastha aur sanskruti par ek bada prabhaav tha. fraanseesi bhaasha antararaashtreeya maamalon mein kootaneeti ki aam bhaasha ban gayi. fraanseesi vaigyaaniko ne 18 veen sadi mein badi vaigyaanik khoj ki. France ne America, Africa aur Asia mein anek sthaanon par vijay aadhiptya jamaaya.
France mein fraanseesi kraanti se pehle 1789 tak raajashaahi maujood thi. raaja lui chaudahavein aur unki patni, meri antoinette 1793 mein maar daala gaya. hajaaron ki sankhya mein anya fraanseesi naagrik bhi maare gaye the. nepoliyn bonaapaart ne 1799 mein ganatantr par niyantran le liya. baad mein unhonne khud ko pehle saamraajya (1804-1814) ka mahaaraaj banaaya. usaki senaaon ne mahaadveepeeya Europe ke adhikaansh bhaag par vijay praapt ki.
1815 mein vaataraloo ki ladaai mein nepoliyn ke antim haar ke baad, doosari raajashaahi I. baad mein lui-nepoliyn bonaapaart ne 1852 mein dviteeya saamraajya banaaya. lui-nepoliyn ko 1870 ke fraanseesi jarman yuddh mein haar ke baad hata diya gaya tha. uske shaasan ka sthaan teesare ganaraajya ne liya.
France ke 18 veen aur 19 veen sadi mein ek bada aupaniveshik saamraajya banaaya. is saamraajya mein pashchim Africa aur dakshin poorv Asia ke kuchh hisse bhi shaamil the. in kshetron ki sanskruti aur raajaneeti France ke prabhaav mein rahi. kai bhootapoorv upaniveshon mein fraanseesi bhaasha aadhikaarik bhaasha hain.
prabhaag
France anek (prashaasanik) kshetron mein vibhaajit hai, inmein se 22 kshetr mahanagar France ke antargat aate hain:
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1 . alasas |
12 . le-de-France |
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course ke anya 21 mahaanagareeya kshetron ki tulana mein ek alag sthiti hai. yeh réagion et déaapartement d'outre-mer kaha jaata hai.
France ke chaar videshi kshetr bhi hai:
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- guaadeloop (kairibiyn mein)
- French gayaana (dakshin America mein)
- maarteenik (kairibiyn mein)
- reeyooniyn (hind mahaasaagar mein)
ye chaar videshi kshetron ki mahaanagareeya vaale ke roop mein ek hi sthiti hai. ve alaaska aur havaai ke videshi ameriki raajyon ki tarah hain. iske baad France 100 vibhaagon mein vibhaajit hai. yeh vibhaag 342 bhaago (arrondissemeints) mein vibhaajit hain. ye arrondissemeints 4032 bhaagon (kaantons) mein vibhaajit hai. is chhota upakhand kamyoon hai. 1 January 2008 ko, France mein 36,781 kamyoons ki ginti ki gayi thi. inmein se 36.569 mahaanagareeya France mein hain aur inmein se 212 videshi France mein hain.
sarkaar
French paanchavein ganatantr ke French samvidhaan ke dvaara desh mein sarkaar ki ek arddh raashtrapati pranaali nirdhaarit ki gayi hai. ismein raashtra ne apne ko "ek avibhaajya, lokataantrik, dharmanirpeksh aur saamaajik ganaraajya" ghoshit kiya hai. ismein kaha gaya hai ki France 1789 ki ghoshana ke anusaar, manushya ke adhikaar ki jis tarah se ghoshana usase juda hua hai.
sandarbh
- ↑ a aa Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and territories, but excluding the French territory of Terre Adéalie in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.
- ↑ French National Geographic Institute data.
- ↑ French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers.
- ↑ INSEE, Government of France. "Pyramide des âages au 1er janvier 2009 - France méaatropolitaine". http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pdf/pyramide-des-ages-2009.xls. abhigman tithi: 2009-01-13. (French)
- ↑ INSEE, Government of France. "Bilan déaamographique 2008". http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=IP1220®_id=0#inter1. abhigman tithi: 2009-01-13. (French)
- ↑ "2014 Human Development Report Summary". United Nations Development Programme. 2014. pp. 21–25. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf. abhigman tithi: 27 July 2014.
- ↑ prashaant mahaasaagar sthit pravaasi kshetr ko chhodkar poore fraanseesi ganaraajya mein.
- ↑ keval prashaant mahaasaagar sthit fraanseesi pravaasi kshetron mein
- ↑ .fr ke alaava fraanseesi pravaasi vibhaagon aur kshetron mein prayukt intaranet teeeladi: .re, .mq, .gp, .tf, .nc, .pf, .wf, .pm, .gf and .yt. France Europeeya sangh ke anya sadasyon ke saath .eu ka istemaal karta hai. .cat domen ka upayog kaultan bolne vaale kshetron mein kiya jaata hai.
inhein bhi dekhein
baahari kadiyaaain
- France – sapanon ke bheetar ka sach (suchita bhat)
- chalte chalte : fraans Bhaarat aur kheti -(vivek ji)
- shabdakosh shabdakosh fraanseesi bhaasha -hindi
- phone book French bhaasha phone book
- mausam poorvaanumaan