faurmoola van

faurmoola van (Formula One), jise faurmoola 1 (Formula 1) ya F1 ke roop mein bhi jaana jaata hai aur jise aaj ke daur mein aadhikaarik taur par FIA faurmoola van world championship^[1] ke roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaata hai, federation intaranaishanal di l'automobile (FIA) dvaara sveekrut auto resing ka uchchatam varg hai. is naam mein nihit "faurmoola" shabd niyamon ke ek set ko sandarbhit karta hai jiska sabhi pratibhaagiyon ke kaaron ko paalan karna chaahiye.^[2] F1 satr mein daud ki ek shrrunkhala hoti hai jise grainds priks ke roop mein jaana jaata hai aur prayojan-nirmit parikrama sthalon aur kuchh had tak, poorv saarvajaanik sadkon aur shahar ki band sadkon mein aayojit hota hai. do vaarshik world chaimpiynaships ka nirdhaaran karne ke liye pratyek daud ke parinaamon ko sanyukt kiya jaata hai, jismein se ek championship draaivaron ke liye aur ek nirmaataaon ke liye hota hai jiske saath mein daud driver, nirmaata dal, track adhikaari, aayojak aur ve parikrama sthal bhi shaamil hote hain jo vaidh super licenson^[3] ke aayojakon ke roop mein hone ke liye aavashyak hai jo FIA dvaara jaari kiya jaane wala uchchatam varg resing license hai.^[4]

ek faurmoola ke aadhaar par chakkar lagaane vaale engine se yukt 360 kimi/ghanta (220 meal/ghanta) tak ki uchch gati ka faurmoola van car race ki seema 18,000 rpm thi. in kaaron mein kuchh konon par 5 g ki adhikaadhik khichaav ki kshamata hai. karon ka pradarshan electronics (haalaanki karshan niyantran aur driving sahaayataaon par 2008 ke baad se pratibndh hai), vaayugatiki, nilanban aur pahiyon par bahut jyaada nirbhar hai. faurmoola ne khel ke itihaas ke maadhyam se kai vikaas aur parivartan dekha hai.

Europe, faurmoola van ka paranfarinaat kendra hai jahaan sabhi teemein aadhaarit hain aur jahaan aadhe se jyaada race hote hain. haalaanki, haal ke varshon mein khel ke kshetr mein kaafi vistaar hua hai aur grainds priks ka aayojan duniya bhar mein hota hai. Asia aur sudoor poorv ke reson ke paksh mein Europe aur amerikaas mein pratiyogitaaon mein kami I hai—a2009 mein satrah reson mein se aath reson ka aayojan Europe ke baahar hua tha.

faurmoola van ek vishaal teleevijn kaaryakram hai jiske kul vaishvik darshakon ki sankhya 6000 lakh prati race hai.^[5] faurmoola van group, vaanijyik adhikaaron ka kaanooni dhaarak hai.^[6] duniya ke sabse mahange khel^[7] ke roop mein iska aarthik prabhaav mahatvapoorn hai aur iski vitteeya evam raajaneetik ladaaiyon ko vyaapak sthaan pradaan kiya jaata hai. iska uchch profaail aur iski lokapriyta ise ek spasht kraya-vikraya vaataavaran banaata hai, jiske parinaamasvaroop aayojakon ka bahut jyaada nivesh hota hai jo nirmaataaon ke bahut adhik bajat ka roop dhaaran kar leta hai. haalaanki, jyaadaatar 2000 ke baad se, kharchon mein hamesha vruddhi hote rahane ke kaaran kai teemon, jisme car banaanevaalon ke liye kaam karne vaale team aur motor vaahan udyog se bahut kam samarthan paane vaale team shaamil hain, ka divaala nikal gaya hai ya un companiyon dvaara khareed liya gaya hai jo khel ke bheetar ek team ki sthaapana karna chaahate hain; in khareedaariyon par bhi faurmoola van ka asar padta hai jo pratibhaagi teemon ki sankhya ko seemit kar deta hai.

faurmoola van shrrunkhala ki shuruaat 1920 aur 1930 ke dashak ke yooropiyn grand priks motor resing (q.v. 1947 se pehle ke itihaas ke liye) se hui hai. "faurmoola" niyamon ka ek set hain jise sabhi pratibhaagiyon aur kaaron ko jaroor poora karna chaahiye. faurmoola van 1946 mein dviteeya vishv yuddh ke baad sveekrut ek naya faurmoola tha jiske saath us varsh aayojit hone vaale pehle gair-championship reson ka astitv tha. kai grand priks resing sangathanon ne yuddh se pehle ek world championship ke liye kai niyamon ka bandobast kiya tha, lekin sangharsh ke dauraan resing ke nilanban ke kaaran world draaivars championship ko 1947 tak aupachaarik roop pradaan naheen kiya gaya. pratham world championship race ka aayojan 1950 mein United Kingdom ke silvaraston mein kiya gaya. uske peechhe-peechhe 1958 mein nirmaataaon ke liye ek championship ka aayojan kiya gaya. 1960 aur 1970 ke dashak mein dakshin Africa aur UK mein raashtreeya championship ka astitv tha. gair-championship faurmoola van pratiyogitaaon ka aayojan kai saalon tak kiya gaya lekin pratiyogita ke kharch mein lagaataar vruddhi hone ke kaaran inmein se antim pratiyogita ka aayojan 1983 mein kiya gaya.^[8]

khel ke khitaab, faurmoola van, sanket karta hai ki iska iraada FIA ke resing faurmoolon mein se sabse unnat aur sabse pratispardhi faurmoola banane ka hai.^[9]

resing ki vaapasi

juaan mainual fangiyo ki [24] khitaab-jeetne waali alfa romiyo 159

1950 mein itaalavi giyoosep farina ne apne alfa romiyo (Alfa Romeo) mein badi mushkil se apne arjenteeni team-saathi juaan mainual faingiyo ko haraakar pehla faurmoola van world championship jeet liya. haalaanki faingiyo ne 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956 aur 1957 mein is khitaab ko haasil kiya (paanch world championship khitaab haasil karne ki unki record 45 saal tak jarman driver Michael shoomaakar dvaara 2003 mein unka chhathavaan khitaab haasil karne tak kaayam raha), lekin do baar champion rah chuke feraari (Ferrari) ke albarto askaari ne unki is jeet ki daur ko (chot lagne ke baad) avaruddh kar diya. haalaanki Britain ke starling maus niyamit roop se pratispardha karne mein saksham the, lekin ve world championship jeetne mein kabhi saksham naheen hue aur ab unhein vyaapak roop se kabhi khitaab naheen jeetne wala mahaan driver maana jaata hai.^[10][11] haalaanki, faingiyo ko faurmoola van ke pehle dashak tak is championship par haavi rahane ke liye yaad kiya jaata hai aur lambe samay se unhein faurmoola van ka "grand master" maana jaata hai.

is avadhi par road kar nirmaataaon—aaalfa romiyo (Alfa Romeo), feraari (Ferrari), marsideej benj (Mercedes Benz) aur maajeraati (Maserati)—advaara sanchaalit teemon ne vishesh dhyaan dilaaya. pehle satron ka sanchaalan yuddh se pehle ke kaaron, jaise- alfa ka 158, ka istemaal karke kiya gaya. in kaaron mein engine saamane ke taraf hote the, tyre patale hote the aur inke engine 1.5 liter waali ati-aaveshit ya 4.5 liter waali saamaanyat: chooshit engine hote the. upalabdh faurmoola van kaaron ki kami se sambandhit chintaaon ke kaaran apekshaakrut chhote aur kam shaktishaali kaaron ke liye faurmoola too ke viniymon ke tahat 1952 aur 1953 mein world championship ka sanchaalan kiya gaya.^[12] jab 2.5 liter ki seema vaale injanon se yukt ek nae faurmoola van ko 1954 mein world championship ke liye bahaal kiya gaya, tab marsideej-benj ne unnat W196 prastut kiya jismein desmodromik vaalv aur indhan ant:kshepan ke saath-saath sanlagn suvyavasthit dhaancha jaise navaachaar shaamil the. 1955 ke le mains aapada ke prakat hone ke samay sabhi motarasport se team ki vaapasi se pehle marsideej draaivaron ne do varshon tak championship haasil ki.^[13]

gairejists

[33] mein narbarging par starling mos ka lotus 18

1950 ke dashak mein pehla pramukh takaneeki vikaas hua, arthaat koopar ne madhya-engine yukt kaaron (fardinaind paursh ke 1930 ke dashak ke agrani auto unions ke baad) ko fir se prastut kiya, jiska udbhav company ke faurmoola 3 (Formula 3) ki safal dijaainon se hua tha. 1959, 1960 aur 1966 mein world champion rah chuke Australia ke Jack braibaham ne jald hi nae design ki shreshthata saabit ki. 1961 tak sabhi niyamit pratiyogiyon ne madhya-engine yukt kaaron ko apna liya tha.^[14]

pehle british world champion Mike hauthorn the jinhonne 1958 mein khitaab haasil karne ke liye feraari ka upayog kiya. haalaanki, jab kaulin chaipamain ne F1 mein ek chesis designer aur baad mein team lotus ke sansthaapak ke roop mein pravesh kiya, british resing green ne agale dashak tak kshetr mein apna prabhutv sthaapit karne safalta praapt ki. braibaham, jim Clark, jaiki steevart, John surtees, Graham hil aur deni hulm ke beech british teemon aur Commonwealth draaivaron ne 1962 aur 1973 ke beech baarah world championship haasil kiye.

1962 mein, lotus ne paaramparik space frem design ke bajaay ek elyoomeeniym sheet monokok yukt ek car prastut kiya. yeh madhya-injanayukt kaaron ke aarambh ke baad se ab tak ki sabse badi takaneeki safalta saabit hui. 1968 mein, lotus ne apne kaaron par imperiyl tobaiko (Imperial Tobacco) ka chitr ankit kiya aur is prakaar khel ke liye praayojan ka aarambh kar diya.^[15][16]

vaayugatikeeya nimnabal ne dheere-dheere 1960 ke dashak ke antim daur mein eyaarofauil ki maujoodagi se car ki design mein mahatva haasil kar liya. 1970 ke antim daur mein, lotus ne bhoo-prabhaav vaayugatiki prastut kiya jisne bahut jyaada nimnabal pradaan kiya aur kaurnaring gati mein kaafi vruddhi ki (jise pehle 1970 mein jim hall ke chaiparel 2J (Chaparral 2J) mein istemaal kiya gaya tha). track ke liye kaaron par dabaav daalne vaale vaayugatikeeya bal bahut adhik the (car ke vajan se 5 guna vajan tak), ek nirantar savaari ki oonchaai ko barkaraar rakhane ke liye atyant kathor spring ki jaroorat thi, nilanban ko lagbhag thos avastha mein chhod diya gaya tha, sadak ke dharaatal mein aniyamitataon se car aur driver ki thodi si bhi suraksha ke liye poori tarah se taayaron par hi nirbhar tha.^[17]

bada vyavasaaya

[42] se nigel mainsal ka Williams FW10

[43] se daiman hil ka Williams FW18.FW18 apne samay ke sabse safal kaaron mein se ek tha

1970 ke dashak ki shuruaat mein, barni ikleston ne faurmoola van ke vaanijyik adhikaaron ke prabandhan ki pun:vyavastha ki; khel ko aaj ke is roop mein arabon dollar ke vyavasaaya ke roop mein parint karne ka shreya unheen ko diya jaata hai.^[18][19] jab ikleston ne 1971 braibaham team ko khareed liya tab unhein faurmoola van kanstraktars association mein ek seat mil gaya aur 1978 mein iske adhyaksh ban gaye. pehle parikrama sthal ke maalik team ke aay ko niyantrit karte the aur ek doosare ke saath vyaktigat roop se baatcheet karte the, lekin ikleston ne FOCA ke maadhyam se "ek jhund ke roop mein shikaar" karne ke liye teemon ko raaji kar liya.^[19] unhonne parikrama sthal ke maalikon ke saamane faurmoola van ki peshakash ek aise package ke roop mein ki jise ve le ya chhod sakte the. is package ke badle mein lagbhag sabhi ko traikasaaid vigyaapan ka aatmasamarpan karne ki aavashyakta hai.^[18]

1979 mein federation intaranaishanal du sport automobile (FISA) ke gathan ne FISA-FOCA yuddh ki shuruaat ki jiske dauraan FISA aur iske adhyaksh jeen-mairi bailestar ka teleevijn raajasv aur takaneeki viniymon ko lekar FOCA se baar-baar takaraav hua.^[20] the gaarjiyn ne FOCA ke baare mein kaha ki ikleston aur maiks mosle "ne ek bahu deerghakaalik drushtikon apnaate hue ek chhaapaamaar yuddh ki shuruaat karne ke liye iska istemaal kiya." FOCA ne ek pratidvandvi shrrunkhala ki sthaapana karne ki dhamaki di, grand priks ka bahishkaar kiya aur FISA ne reson se apni sveekruti vaapas le li.^[18] iska parinaam 1981 ke kaunakord agreemeint ke roop mein saamane aaya jisne takaneeki sthirta ki guaranty di kyonki teemon ko nae viniymon ki uchit soochana deni di.^[21] haalaanki FISA ne TV raajasv ke apne adhikaar ki maang ki, lekin isne un adhikaaron ka prashaasan FOCA ke haathon mein saunp diya.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}

FISA ne 1983 mein bhoo-prabhaav vaayugatiki par pratibndh laga diya.^[22] tab tak, tathaapi, tarbochaarjd engine, jise 1977 mein renault ka maargadarshan praapt hua tha, 700 break ashvashakti (520 kilovaut) se adhik utpaadan kar raha tha aur iska pratispardhi hona aavashyak tha. 1986 tak ek BMW tarbochaarjd engine ne 5.5 baar ke dabaav ka ek flaish pathan haasil kiya jiske itaaliyn grand priks ke liye aharta praapt karne mein 1,300 break ashvashakti (970 kilovaut) se adhik hone ka anumaan tha. agale varsh race trim ka dabaav 1,100 break ashvashakti (820 kilovaut) ke aaspaas pahunch gaya jiska badha hua dabaav keval 4.0 baar tak hi seemit tha.^[23] ye car ab tak ke sabse shaktishaali open-hveel sarkit resing car the. engine ki shakti ke utpaad aur is tarah se iski gati ko kam karne ke liye FIA ne 1984 mein indhan tank ki kshamata ko seemit kar diya aur 1989 mein poori tarah se tarbochaarjd engine par pratibndh lagaane se pehle 1988 mein badhe hue dabaav ko bhi seemit kar diya.^[24]

electronic driver sahaayata ke vikaas ki shuruaat 1980 ke dashak mein hui. lotus (Lotus) ne sakriya nilanban ki ek pranaali viksit karni shuroo ki jo sabse pehle 1982 mein F1 ke lotus 91 (Lotus 91) aur lotus esprit (Lotus Esprit) road car par dikhaai diya. 1987 tak, is pranaali ko nipun bana diya gaya tha aur us varsh monaiko grand priks mein aayartan senna ki jeet ke liye ise chalaaya gaya tha. 1990 ke dashak mein shuroo mein, anya teemon ne ise apnaaya aur arddh svachaalit giyrabauks evam karshan niyantran ek praakrutik pragati the. driver ki dakshata se kaheen jyaada daud pratiyogitaaon ke parinaam ka nirdhaaran praudyogiki kar rahi thi, is shikaayaton ke kaaran FIA ne 1994 ke liye aisi sahaayataaon par pratibndh laga diya. iske parinaamasvaroop electronic sahaayataaon par pehle nirbhar rahane waali kaarein bahut "jhatakedaar" ban gayi thi aur unhein chalaane mein mushkilon ka saamana karna pad raha tha (ullekhaneeya roop se Williams FW16 (Williams FW16)) aur kai paryavekshakon ko laga ki driver ki sahaayataaon par lage pratibndh keval naam bhar the kyonki ve "prabhaavi dhang se police ke liye mushkil saabit hue hain".^[25]

teemon ne 1992 mein doosare aur 1997 mein teesare kaunakord agreemeint par hastaakshar kiya jiski avadhi 2007 ke antim din ko samaapt ho gayi.^[26]

track par, 1980 aur 1990 ke dashak mein Maclaren aur Williams teemon ka prabhutv tha aur saath mein braibaham bhi 1980 ke dashak ke praarambhik bhaag mein pratispardha karte rahe hain aur nelsan piket ke saath do draaivars chaimpiynaships mein jeet darj ki. paursh (Porsche), honda (Honda) aur marsideej-benj (Mercedes-Benz) ke sanchaalan mein Maclaren ne us avadhi mein solah chaimpiynaships (saat nirmaataaon ke, nau draaivaron ke) mein jeet darj ki jabki Williams ne bhi solah khitaabon (nau nirmaataaon, saat draaivaron ke) ko jeetne ke liye Ford (Ford), honda (Honda) aur renault (Renault) ke injanon ka istemaal kiya. resing lejands aayartan senna aur alain prost ke beech ki pratidvandvita 1988 mein F1 ka kendra bindu ban gaya aur 1993 ke ant mein prost ke nivrutt hone tak chalta raha. 1994 ke sain mairino grand priks mein Williams ke prost ki leed drive se aage nikalne ki hod mein kukhyaat mod taimburelo ke prasthaan sthal ki deevaar se durghatanaagrast hone ke baad sanna ki maut ho gayi. FIA ne us saptaahaant ke baad se khel ke suraksha maanakon mein sudhaar laane ke liye kaam kiya jis saptaahaant ke dauraan rolaind raitjnbargar ko bhi shanivaar ki aharta praapt karne ki pratiyogita mein apne jeevan se haath dhona pada. tab se faurmoola van car ke pahiye ke track par kisi bhi driver ki maut naheen hui hai, haalaanki do track maarshalon ko apne jeevan se haath dhona pada hai jismein se ek ki maut 2000 ke itaaliyn grand priks^[27] mein aur doosare ki maut 2001 ke Australian grand priks mein hui thi.^[27]

aayartan senna aur rolaind raitjnbargar ki maut ke baad se FIA ne suraksha ko niyam mein parivartan karne vaale ek kaaran ke roop mein istemaal kiya hai jise anyatha, kaunakord agreemeint ke tahat, sabhi teemon ki sahamati praapt honi thi — jismein se sabse khaas 1998 ke liye shuroo kiye gaye parivartan the. is tathaakathit 'sankeern track' yug ke parinaamasvaroop aise kaaron ka nirmaan hua jiske pichhle tyre pehle se chhote the, samagr track pehle se adhik sankeern ho gaye the aur yaantrik pakad ko kam karne ke liye 'khaanchedaar' taayaron ka prayog shuroo ho gaya. aage aur peechhe ke taayaron mein chaar khaanche hote the — haalaanki pehle varsh ke shuroo mein aage ke taayaron mein teen khaanche hote the — jo tyre ki sampoorn paridhi ke maadhyam se daudte the. modne ki gati ko kam karna aur tyre evam track ke beech ek chhota sa kauntaikt paich ko laagoo karke varsha ke haalaaton ki tarah ki resing paida karna hi iska uddeshya tha. FIA ke anusaar yeh sab driver ki dakshata ko protsaahit karne aur ek behtar tamaasha pradaan karne ke liye tha.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}

iske mile-jule parinaam mile hain kyonki yaantrik pakad ke abhaav ke parinaamasvaroop adhik saral dijaainaron ne vaayugatikeeya pakad ke saath ghaate ko khtm karne ka prayaas kiya hai — jiske liye unhonne dainon, vaayugatikeeya upakaranon, aadi ke maadhyam se taayaron par adhik bal lagaaya hai — jiske badle mein kam prabhaavi parinaam mila hai kyonki ye upakaran car ke peechhe ke raaste ko 'ganda' (ashaant) banaane ki koshish karte hain aur anya kaaron ko bahut najadeek se peechha karne se rokate hain kyonki 'saaf' hava par unki nirbharata car ko track par rookane ke liye vivsh kar deti hai. khaanchedaar taayaron ka bhi shuroo mein durbhaagyapoorn dushparinaam tha kyonki ve ek adhik kathin ghere se nirmit the aur groov treed blauks ko pakadne ke liye saksham hona tha jiske parinaamasvaroop vaayugatikeeya pakad ke vifal (jaise - pichhle daine ka vifal hona) hone ke samay pradarshaneeya durghatanaaen hoti thi kyonki adhik kathin ghere track ko achhi tarah se naheen pakad paate the.

Maclaren (McLaren), Williams (Williams), renault (Renault) (poorv benetan (Benetton)) aur feraari (Ferrari) ke draaivaron, jinhein "big for" ki upaadhi di gayi, ne 1984 se 2008 tak ke pratyek world championship mein jeet haasil ki hai. 1990 ke dashak ke praudyogikeeya unnati ke kaaran, faurmoola van mein pratispardha ki laagat mein naatakeeya roop se vruddhi hui. is vardhit vitteeya bojh aur saath mein chaaron teemon ke prabhutv (bade paimaane par badi car nirmaataaon jaise marsideej-benj dvaara vittaposhit) ke kaaran gareeb svatantr teemon ko na keval pratispardhi bane rahane ke liye, balki vyavasaaya mein bhi apna astitv banaae rakhane ke liye sangharsh karna pada. vitteeya pareshaaniyon ne kai teemon ko peechhe hatne par majaboor kar diya. 1990 ke baad se, atthaais team faurmoola van se baahar ho gaye hain. isne jaurdan ke poorv maalik Eddy jaurdan ko yeh kehne ke liye prerit kar diya hai ki pratispardhi praaivetiyrs ke din khtm ho chuke hain.^[28]

nirmaataaon ki vaapasi

Michael shoomaakar ne feraari ke saath lagaataar paanch khitaab jeete

Michael shoomaakar aur feraari ne 1999 aur 2004 ke beech abhootapoorv dhang se lagaataar paanch draaivars aur chh: kanstraktars chaimpiynaships jeet li. shoomaakar ne kai nae record banaae, jinmein grand priks ki jeet (91), ek satr mein haasil ki gayi jeet (18 mein se 13) aur sabse adhik draaivars chaimpiynaships (7) ke record shaamil the.^[29] shoomaakar ke championship ke kram ka ant 25 sitmbar 2005 ko hua jab renault ke driver farnaando alonso us samay ke faurmoola van ke sabse yuva champion bane. 2006 mein, renault (Renault) aur alonso (Alonso) ne donon khitaab fir se haasil kar liya. faurmoola van mein solah varsh ke baad 2006 ke ant mein shoomaakar sevaanivrutt hue lekin 2010 ke satr ke liye sevaanivrutti ke baad bhi upasthit hue aur navagathit marsideej GP (Mercedes GP) ke liye resing ki.

is avadhi ke dauraan championship ke niyamon mein FIA dvaara kai baar parivartan kiye gaye jiska uddeshya on-track action mein sudhaar aur laagat ko kam karna tha.^[30] team ke aadeshon, jo 1950 mein championship ke shuroo hone ke baad se vaidh tha, par kai ghatnaaon ke baad 2002 mein pratibndh laga diya gaya jismein teemon ne khuleaam race ke parinaamon mein herafer kiya tha, nakaaraatmak prachaaron ko janm diya tha, jismein se 2002 ke Australian grand priks mein feraari dvaara kiya gaya herafer ya nakaaraatmak prachaar kaafi mashahoor tha. anya parivrtanon mein aharta praapt karne ka faurmet, ank scoring pranaali, takaneeki viniym aur ve niyam shaamil the jo yeh nirdisht karte the ki injanon aur taayaron ko kab tak chalana chaahiye. michelin (Michelin) aur brijston (Bridgestone) aapoortikrtaaon ke beech ke 'tyre yuddh' mein kai baar giraavat dekhi gayi lekin indiyaanaapolis mein 2005 ke United states grand priks mein das mein se saat teemon ne race mein bhaag naheen liya jab unke michelin taayaron ko upayog ke liye asurakshit maana gaya. 2006 ke dauraan, maiks mosle ne faurmoola van ke liye ek 'harit' bhavishya ka ullekh kiya jismein oorja ka kushal upayog ek mahatvapoorn kaarak ban jaaega.^[31] aur tyre yuddh samaapt ho gaya kyonki brijston 2007 ke satr ke liye faurmoola van ka ekamaatr tyre aapoortikrta ban gaya.

1983 ke baad se faurmoola van par Williams, Maclaren aur benetan jaisi visheshagya race teemon ka prabhutv kaayam raha jinhonne marsideej benj (Mercedes-Benz), honda (Honda), renault (Renault) aur Ford (Ford) jaise bade car nirmaataaon dvaara aapoorti ki gayi injanon ka upayog kiya tha. 1985 ke ant mein alfa romiyo aur renault ke prasthaan ke baad se pehli baar Ford ke bade paimaane par asafal jaguaar team ke nirmaan ke saath 2000 mein shuroo hone vaale nae nirmaataaon ke maalikaana vaale teemon ne faurmoola van mein pravesh kiya. 2006 tak nirmaataaon ke teemon–renault (Renault), BMW, toyota (Toyota), honda (Honda) aur feraari (Ferrari)–ne kanstraktars championship mein pratham chh: sthaanon mein se paanch sthaan praapt karke championship par apna prabhutv sthaapit kar liya. ekamaatr apavaad Maclaren tha jis par kuchh had tak marsideej-benj ka svaamitv tha. grand priks mainyufaikcharars association (GPMA) ke maadhyam se unhonne faurmoola van ke vaanijyik laabh ke ek bahut bade hisse aur khel ko chalaane mein ek bahut bade samjhaute par baatcheet ki.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}

nirmaataaon ka patan aur praaivetiyrs ki vaapasi

2008 aur 2009 mein honda, BMW aur toyota sabhi aarthik mandi ko dosh dete hue ek varsh ke bheetar hi faurmoola 1 ki resing se peechhe hat gaye. isse khel par se nirmaataaon ka prabhutv samaapt ho gaya. 2010 ke satr mein marsideej benj ne braun GP (Brawn GP) khareedne ke baad ek nirmaata ke roop mein fir se khel mein pravesh kiya aur Maclaren ke saath 15 satron ke baad isse (Maclaren se) alag ho gaya. isse khel mein ekamaatr car nirmaataaon ke roop mein marsideej, renault aur feraari hi rah jaate hain. AT&T Williams ne 2009 ke antim samay mein kausavarth ke saath apne nae engine saude ki pushti ki jo nae teemon USF1, varjin resing, hispeniya resing F1 aur navagathit lotus F1 team ki bhi aapoorti karega. car nirmaataaon ke prasthaan ne apne-apne deshon ka pratinidhitv karne vaale teemon ka bhi maarg prashast kar diya hai jinmein se kuchh ko apne-apne desh ki sarkaaron ka vitteeya samarthan praapt hai (jaise lotus) aur inmein se kuchh aise bhi hain jo 1930 ke dashak ke baad se dikhaai naheen diye the. in "raashtreeyata ki teemon" mein fors India, USF1 (Europe ke baahar sthit haal ke varshon mein pehli team) aur lotus shaamil hain jo kramash: Bhaarat, sanyukt raajya America aur Malaysia ka pratinidhitv kar rahe hain.

raajaneetik vivaad

FISA-FOCA yuddh

faurmoola van ke niyantran ki ladaai federation intaranaishanal du sport automobile (FISA), jo kabhi FIA ka ek svaayatt upasamiti tha aur FOCA (faurmoola van kanstraktars association) ke beech ladi gayi.

vivaad ki shuruaat ke kai kaaran hain aur ho sakta hai ki antarnihit kaaranon mein se kai kaaran itihaas mein kho chuke ho. teemon (feraari aur anya pramukh nirmaataaon - visheshakar renault aur alfa romiyo ko chhodkar) ka vichaar tha ki bade aur behtar vittaposhit teemon ke khilaaf pratispardha karne ke unke adhikaaron aur kshamata par pramukh nirmaataaon ki taraf niyantrak sangathan (FISA) ke bhaag ke poorvaagrah ka nakaaraatmak prabhaav pad raha tha.

iske alaava, ladaai khel ke vaanijyik pahaluon (FOCA ki teemein reson se aay ke vitran se naakhush theen) aur takaneeki viniymon ke ird-gird ghoomti rahi aur jiska FOCA ke vichaar se aajnyaaaullanghan ki prakruti se adhik aajnyaaaullanghan karne vaale ki prakruti ke anusaar lacheela hone ki pravrutti thi.

maheenon baad yuddh ka ant 1982 ke sain mairino grand priks ke ek FOCA bahishkaar ke roop mein hua. siddhaant ki drushti se sabhi FOCA teemon ko viniymon aur vitteeya kshatipoorti ki haindaling ki ekajutata aur shikaayat ke ek chinh ke roop mein grand priks ka bahishkaar karna tha (aur, yeh avashya kaha jaana chaahiye, FISA adhyaksh - lotus ke kaulin chaipamain aur Williams ke Frank Williams donon ki sthiti ke liye bailestar ke padaarohan ke atyadhik virodh se saaf pata chala ki ve faurmoola van ke Governor ke roop mein bailestar ke saath faurmoola van mein kaayam naheen raheinge). karm ki drushti se FOCA ki kai teemon ne "praayojak daayitvon" ka havaala dete hue bahishkaar se samarthan vaapas le liya. inmein se ullekhaneeya taayarel aur tolamain team the.

FIA-FOTA vivaad

faurmoola van ke 2009 ke satr ke dauraan, khel ek shaasan sankat ki giraft mein aa gaya. FIA adhyaksh maiks mosle ne aage ke satron ke liye laagat ko kam karne vaale kai upaayon ka prastaav rakha jismein teemon ke liye ek vaikalpik bajat kaip bhi shaamil tha;^[32] bajat kaip grahan karne ka chunaav karne vaale teemon ko bahut jyaada takaneeki svatantrata, samaayojya saamane evam peechhe ke daine aur ek engine, jo ek parikraman seemak ke adheen naheen hoga, pradaan ki jaaegi.^[32] faurmoola van team association (FOTA) ka maanana tha ki kuchh teemon ko aisi takaneeki aajaadi ki anumati dene se 'do-stareeya' championship ka nirmaan ho gaya hota aur is prakaar FIA ke saath tatkaal vaarta ka anurodh kiya. haalaanki vaarta vifal rahi aur FOTA teemon, Williams aur fors India ko chhodkar,^[33][34] ne ghoshana ki ki ek pruthakataavaadi championship shrrunkhala ka gathan karne ke sivaaya 'unke paas koi vikalp naheen tha'.^[34]

barni ekleston, jinhein "F1 supreemo" aur FOM aur FOA ke CEO ke naam se jaana jaata hai

24 June ko, ek pruthakataavaadi shrrunkhala ko rokane ke liye faurmoola van ke shaasi nikaaya aur teemon ke beech ek samjhaute ka sootrapaat hua. is baat par sahamati vyakt ki gayi ki teemon ko do saal ke bheetar 1990 ke dashak ke aarambh ke star ke kharch mein avashya katauti karni chaahiye; sateek aankadein nirdhaarit naheen the,^[35] aur maiks mosle ne is baat par sahamati jaahir ki ki ve October mein FIA ki adhyakshata ke liye fir se chunaav mein khade naheen honge.^[36] maiks mosle dvaara chunaav^[37] mein fir se khade hone ka sujhaav dene ke baad ki agali asahamatiyon ke baad FOTA ne is baat ko saaf kar diya ki pruthakataavaadi yojanaaon ko abhi bhi anusaran kiya ja raha tha. 8 July ko FOTA ne ek press vigyapti jaari ki jismein usane bataaya ki unhein is baat ki soochana di gayi thi ki 2010 ke satr^[38] ke liye unhein pravesh naheen mila aur ek FIA press vigyapti mein kaha gaya ki FOTA ke pratinidhi baithak se baahar chale gaye the.^[39] 1 August ko ghoshana ki gayi ki sankat ko samaapt karne aur 2012 tak khel ke bhavishya ko surakshit karne ke liye FIA aur FOTA ne ek nae kaunakord agreemeint par hastaakshar kiya tha.^[40]

world championship ke baahar

aajkal, "faurmoola van race" aur "world championship race" shabd prabhaavashaali dhang se ek-doosare ke paryaaya hain; 1984 ke baad se pratyek faurmoola van race ki ginti ek aadhikaarik FIA world championship ki tarah ki gayi hai aur pratyek world championship race faurmoola van viniymon ke anusaar hua hai. aisa hamesha naheen hua hai aur faurmoola van ke praarambhik itihaas mein kai race world championship ke baahar bhi hue.

Europeeya gair-championship resing

faurmoola van ke aaranbhik varshon mein, world championship ki sthaapana se pehle, Europe mein basant ke mausam ke antim samay se lekar patajhad ke mausam ke aarambh tak lagbhag bees reson ka aayojan hota tha, haalaanki inmein se sabhi mahatvapoorn naheen maana jaata tha. adhikaansh pratispardhi kaarein, khaas taur par alfa romiyo, Italy se aati thi. world championship ke shuroo hone ke baad, ye gair-championship race hote rahe. 1950 aur 1960 ke dashak mein, kai faurmoola van race hue jinki ginti world championship ke roop mein naheen hua (jaise, 1950 mein kul milaakar 22 faurmoola van reson ka aayojan kiya gaya tha jismein se keval chh: ki ginti world championship ke roop mein ki gayi). 1952 aur 1953 mein jab world championship ka sanchaalan faurmoola too (Formula Two) ke kaaron ke liye kiya gaya, tab gair-championship faurmoola van resing ke ek poore satr ka aayojan kiya gaya tha. kuchh reson, khaas taur par UK mein, jismein race of champions, aultan park intaranaishanal gold cup aur intaranaishanal trophy shaamil the, mein world championship ke daavedaaron ki taadaad jyaada thi. ye sab poore 1970 ke dashak mein bahut kam aam ho gaya aur 1983 ne antim gair-championship faurmoola van race dekha: jo braands haich mein aayojit 1983 ka race of champions tha jismein ameriki daini sulivaan ke saath ek kareebi ladaai mein ek Williams-kausavarth mein world championship par raaj karne vaale world champion KK rosbarg ne jeet haasil ki thi.^[8]

dakshin afreeki faurmoola van championship

dakshin Africa ka falane-foolane wala ghareloo faurmoola van championship 1960 se lekar poore 1975 tak chala. shrrunkhala mein aage daudne waali kaaron mein world championship se haal hi mein sevaanivrutt hui kaarein shaamil theen, haalaanki ismein sthaaneeya roop se nirmit ya sanshodhit masheenon waali achhi-khaasi chuninda kaarein bhi shaamil theen. shrrunkhala mein aage daudne waali kaaron ke driver aam taur par apne sthaaneeya world championship grand priks ke saath-saath saamayik Europeeya pratiyogitaaon ke pratiyogi the, haalaanki unhein us star par bahut kam safalta haasil hui thi.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}

british faurmoola van shrrunkhala

DFV ne 1978 aur 1980 ke beech ghareloo faurmoola van shrrunkhala ko sambhav banaane mein UK ki madad ki. ek dashak pehle south Africa ki tarah yahaan bhi khel mein lotus (Lotus) aur fittipaaldi otomotiv (Fittipaldi Automotive) ki second haind kaarein hi shaamil theen, haalaanki March 781 jaise kuchh kaaron ko khaas taur par shrrunkhala ke liye nirmit kiya gaya tha. 1980 ki ek shrrunkhala mein dakshin afreeki dijaayar Wilson faurmoola van (Formula One) race ko jeetne waali ekamaatr mahila bani jab unhonne ek voolf WR3 (Wolf WR3) mein braands haich par jeet haasil ki.^[41]

2008 Australiaee grand priks mein albart park ki street sarkit par nick heidafild aur niko rosabarg.

faurmoola van grand priks ka ek kaaryakram ek saptaahaant tak chalta hai. aajkal yeh shukravaar ko do mukt abhyaas satron (monaiko mein chhodkar, jahaan shukravaar ke abhyaas vruhaspativaar ko hote hain) aur shanivaar ko ek mukt abhyaas satr se shuroo hota hai. atarikt draaivaron (aam taur par teesare driver ke roop mein gyaat) ko shukravaar ko chalaane ki anumati di jaati hai, lekin pratyek team ke liye keval do kaaron ka istemaal kiya ja sakta hai, jiske liye apne seat ko chhodne ke liye ek race driver ki aavashyakta hoti hai. antim mukt abhyaas satr ke baad ek kvaalifaaing (yogyata-nirdhaarak) satr ka aayojan kiya jaata hai. yeh satr race ke aarambh kram ka nirdhaaran karta hai.^[42][43]

kvaalifaaing

ek vishisht pitvaul niyantral kendra, jahaan se team ke prabandhak aur rananeetijnya pareekshan satr ke dauraan ya race ke saptaahaant mein apne draaivaron aur injeeniyron se baatcheet karte hain.

khel ke itihaas ke adhikaansh hisson tak kvaalifaaing satr abhyaas satron se thoda alag tha; draaivaron ke paas ek poora satr hota tha jismein unhein apna sabse tej samay nirdhaarit karne ki koshish karni padti thi, kabhi-kabhi prayoson ki ek seemit sankhya ke bheetar aisa karna padta tha, pratyek driver ke sarvashreshth ekal laip, sabse tej (pol paujishn par) se sabse dheemi gati dvaara nirdhaarit grid kram ke saath unhein aisa karna padta tha. grid ko sabse tej 26 kaaron ke liye seemit kiya jaata tha aur race ko kvaalifaai karne ke liye draaivaron ko pol sitr ke 107% ke bheetar laip karna padta tha. anya faurmeton mein shukravaar ka pre-kvaalifaaing aur ve satr shaamil hain jinmein pratyek driver ko keval ek kvaalifaaing laip aur ek poorv nirdhaarit kram mein alag se chalaane ki anumati di jaati thi.

vartamaan kvaalifaaing pranaali ko 2006 ke satr ke liye apnaaya gaya tha. "knock-out" kvaalifaaing ke roop mein mashahoor is pratiyogita ko teen avadhi (ya round) mein baanta gaya hai. pratyek avadhi mein, agale avadhi se aage nikalne ki koshish mein kvaalifaaing laip ke liye car chalaate hain, apni ichhaanusaar adhik se adhik laip ka chakkar lagaate hain aur saath mein avadhi ke ant mein sabse dheeme driver "nikaal diya" jaata tha aur unke sarvashreshth laip ke chakkaron ke aadhaar par unke grid sthiti ko nirdhaarit kiya jaata tha. teesare aur antim avadhi mein pol sthiti ke liye yogyata praapt karne ki koshish karne ke yogya keval 10 kaaron ke bachane tak kaaron ko isi tarah se nikaala jata hai. pratyek avadhi ke liye sabhi pichhle chakkaron ko fir se nirdhaarit kiya jaata hai aur us avadhi mein (ullanghan ko chhodkar) ek driver ke keval sabse adhik laip ki hi ginti hoti hai. maujooda niyamon ke tahat sabhi avadhiyon ke liye us avadhi ke ant hone ka sanket dene vaale rangabirange jhande ke girne se pehle shuroo hone vaale kisi bhi nirdhaarit laip ko poora kiya ja sakta hai aur iski ginti us driver ke sthaan ke roop mein hogi aur tab bhi yadi ve avadhi ke samaapt hone ke baad samaapti rekha ko paar karte hain.^[42][44] pehle do avadhi mein, car apni ichhaanusaar kisi bhi tarah ke tyre ka upayog kar sakte hain aur in avadhiyon mein nikaale gaye draaivaron ko race se pehle apni pasand ke anusaar taayaron ko badalne ki anumati di jaati hai. haalaanki antim avadhi mein bhaag lene vaale kaaron ko kvaalifaaing ke ant mein apni pasand ke tyre ke saath hi race shuroo karna chaahiye (mausam mein parivartan ko chhodkar jiske liye vet-weather taayaron ke upayog ki aavashyakta hoti hai). 2010 se reson ke dauraan fir se indhan bharne ki anumati na hone se antim satr ka aayojan kam-indhan vinyaas ke saath kiya jaata hai aur yogyata ka nirdhaaran hone ke baad kaaron mein fir se indhan bhara jaata hai.

udaaharan ke liye, 20 kaaron vaale ek grid ke liye, sabhi 20 kaaron ko pehle avadhi mein bhaag lene ki anumati hai. avadhi ke ant mein, sabse dheeme paanch kaaron ko nikaal diya jaata hai aur antim paanch grid sthitiyon (16 se 20) ko liya jaata hai. doosari avadhi ke ant mein paanch aur kaaron ko nikaal diya jaata hai aur agale paanch sabse kam grid sthitiyon (11 se 15) ko liya jaata hai aur bache hue 15 car bhaag lete hain. teesare aur antim avadhi mein, pol sthiti ke liye shesh 10 kaarein pratispardha karti hain aur 1 se 10 tak ki grid sthitiyon ko bharati hain.

knock-out faurmet mein iske sthaapana ke baad se chhote-mote update hue hain, jaise - pravisht kaaron ki kul sankhya mein parivartan hone ke kaaran pratyek avadhi mein draaivaron ki sankhya mein samaayojan.^[45]

race

race ek varm-ap laip ke saath shuroo hota hai, jiske baad kaaron ko aaranbhik grid par usi kram mein ikaththa kiya jaata hai jis kram mein unhonne kvaalifaai kiya hai. is laip ya chakkar ko aksar gathan chakkar ke roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaata hai, kyonki car bina kisi tej unnati ke gathan ka chakkar lagaate hain (haalaanki galati karne wala driver khoe hue kshetr ko pun: praapt kar sakta hai basharte vah kshetr ke peechhe gira na ho). vaarm ap laip driver ko track aur unke car ki sthiti ko jaanchane ka avsar pradaan karta hai, taayaron ko kuchh jyaada jaroori karshan praapt karne ke liye apne aap mein kuchh garmi paida karne ka avsar pradaan karta hai aur daag banaane vaale karmachaariyon ko grid se apne aap ko aur apne upakaran ko saaf karne ka samay pradaan karta hai.

ek baar sabhi car grid par gathit ho chuke ho, to track ke oopar ki ek prakaash vyavastha race ke shuroo hone ka sanket karti hai: ek sekand ke antaraal par paanch laal battiyaan prakaashit hoti hain; uske baad race ke shuroo hone ka sanket dene ke liye ek anirdisht samay (aam taur par 3 sekand se bhi kam) ke baad ve sabhi ek saath bujh jaati hain. shuroo karne ki prakriya ko roka ja sakta hai yadi ek driver apne baahein failaakar sanket dete hue grid par tika rahata hai. yadi aisa hota hai to prakriya fir se shuroo hoti hai: grid se hamlaavar car ko hataane ke saath ek naya gathan chakkar shuroo hota hai. mool aarambh ko nirast karke ek gambhir ghatna ghatit hone ya khatarnaak sthitiyon mein race ko fir se shuroo kiya ja sakta hai. race ko sefti car (Safety Car) ke peechhe se shuroo kiya ja sakta hai yadi adhikaariyon ko aisa lagta hai ki resing ki shuruaat bahut jyaada bhayaanak hoga, jaise yadi track geela ho. sefti kar ke peechhe se race ke shuroo hone par koi gathan chakkar naheen hota hai.^[46]

saamaanya paristhitiyon ke tahat race ka vijeta vahi driver hota hai jo chakkaron ki ek nirdhaarit sankhya ko poora karne ke baad samaapti rekha ko sabse pehle paar karta hai jiske baad aane vaale se iski doori lagbhag 305 kimi (190 meal) (monaiko (Monaco) ke liye 260 kimi (160 meal)) honi chaahiye. race adhikaari asurakshit sthitiyon, jaise - varsha, ke kaaran race ko pehle hi (ek laal jhanda lagaakar) samaapt kar sakte hain, ise do ghanton ke bheetar hi samaapt karna chaahiye, haalaanki keval bahut jyaada kharaab mausam ke maamale mein hi reson ke itne samay tak chalne ki sambhaavana hai. driver race ke maarg par sthiti ke liye ek doosare se teji se aage nikal sakte hain aur unhein usi kram mein 'vargeekrut' kiya jaata hai jis kram mein ve race ko poora karte hain. yadi koi leedar sanyog se ek back maarkar (thodi dheemi car) se milta hai jisne kuchh hi chakkar poore kiye ho, to back maarkar ko neela jhanda^[47] dikhaaya jaata hai aur use bataaya jaata hai ki vah leedar ko apne se aage nikalne ki anumati dene ke liye baadhya hai. dheemi car ko 'laipd' kaha jaata hai aur, ek baar jab leedar race ko poora kar leta hai, to use 'van laip daaun' race ko poora karne vaale ke roop mein vargeekrut kiya jaata hai. ek driver ke saamane kisi bhi car dvaara usaka kai baar chakkar lagaaya ja sakta hai. jo driver, yaantrik samasyaaon, durghatana, ya kisi anya kaaran se race ko poora kar paane mein asafal ho jaata hai, use race se nikal jaane ke liye kaha jaata hai aur parinaamon mein use 'vargeekrut naheen' kiya jaata hai. haalaanki, agar driver ne race ki doori ka 90% se adhik hissa poora kar liya hai, to use vargeekrut kiya jaaega.

aavashyakta padne par sefti car (oopar, barnd melaindar dvaara chaalit) tab tak kam gati par sarkit ke chaaro taraf kshetr ka netrutv karega jab tak race ke adhikaari race ko chaaloo karne ke liye use surakshit naheen maan lete.

poore race bhar mein driver taayaron ko badalne aur nuksaan ki marammat karne ke liye pit stop le sakte hain (2010 ke satr tak ve fir se indhan bhi bhar sakte the). alag-alag team aur driver apne-apan car ki kshamata ko badhaane ke uddeshya se alag-alag pit stop rananeetiyaan apnaate hain. alag-alag tikaaoopan aur aasanjan visheshataaon ke saath do tyre ke mel draaivaron ke liye upalabdh hote hain. race ke maarg mein draaivaron ko donon ka istemaal karna hota hai. ek jodi ka doosare se adhik pradarshan laabh hoga aur kab kis jodi ka istemaal karna hai iska chayan karna ek pramukh rananeetik nirnaya hota hai. upalabdh taayaron ke sauftar ke saaidavaul par ek hare rang ki dhaari ka nishaan lagaaya jaata hai jisse darshak rananeetiyon ko samajhne mein madad mil sake. geeli sthitiyon ke tahat driver atirikt groov ke saath do vishesh vet weather taayaron mein se ek ka chunaav kar sakte hain (halki geeli sthitiyon mein, jaise thodi der pehle ki baarish ke baad ek "madhyavarti" aur baarish mein ya baarish ke turant baad resing ke liye ek "poora geela"). agar baarish ke taayaron ka istemaal kiya jaata hai, to draaivaron ko donon shushk taayaron mein se kisi bhi tyre ko istemaal karne ke liye kabhi baadhya naheen kiya jaata hai. tyre ki donon jodiyon ka istemaal karne ke liye ek driver ko kam se kam ek baar rookana chaahiye; aam taur par teen thaharaav liye jaate hain, haalaanki nuksaan ko theek karne ke liye ya yadi mausam ki sthiti mein parivartan ho, to aage chalakar bhi thaharaav lene ki aavashyakta ho sakti hai.

race director

2010 tak ^[update] faurmoola van ke race director Charlie vhaaiting hain. is bhoomika ke tahat ve aam taur par pratyek F1 grand priks ke rasad ka prabandh karte hain, race se pehle park ferme mein kaaron ka nireekshan karte hain, FIA niyamon ko laagoo karte hain aur pratek race ko shuroo karne waali battiyon ko niyantrit karte hain. race adhikaariyon ke pramukh hone ke naate ve teemon aur draaivaron ke beech ke vivaad ko sulajhaane mein bhi bahut badi bhoomika nibhaate hain. kisi bhi paksh dvaara niyamon ka ullanghan karne par dand, jaise dand svarup car chalaana (aur rooko aur jaao dand), race se pehle aarambh grid par padaavanati, race ayogyata aur jurmaana lagaaya ja sakta hai.

sefti car

ek durghatana ki sthiti mein jo pratiyogiyon ya traikasaaid race maarshalon ki suraksha ke liye khatra ho, race adhikaari sefti car tainaat karne ka chunaav kar sakte hain. prabhaavasvaroop yeh race ko nilambit kar deta hai aur saath mein un draaivaron ko bhi jo race kram mein apni gati par track ke chaaron taraf sefti car ke peechhe-peechhe chalte hain jahaan usase aage nikalne ki anumati naheen hoti hai. sefti car tab tak chakkar lagaata rahata hai jab tak khatra samaapt naheen ho jaata hai; uske baad race mein iske aane par yeh ek 'roling staart' ke saath fir se race shuroo karta hai. sefti car ke tahat pit stop ki anumati hai. marsideej-benj (Mercedes-Benz) aajkal faurmoola van ke liye sefti car ke roop mein istemaal karne ke liye marsideej-AMG (Mercedes-AMG) model ki aapoorti karta hai. 2000^[48] ke baad se mukhya seft car driver Germany ke poorv-resing driver barnd melaindar hain.

laal jhanda

ek pramukh ghatna ya asurakshit mausam ki sthiti mein race ko laal jhandi dikhaai ja sakti hai, tab:

• yadi 3 chakkar poora kar liya gaya ho jab laal jhandi dikhaai jaati hai, tab race ko mool grid sthitiyon se fir se shuroo kiya jaata hai. sabhi driver fir se shuruaat kar sakte hain, basharte unki car aisa karne ke liye achhi sthiti mein ho.
• yadi 3 chakkaron ke beech aur race ki doori ka 75% poora kar liya gaya ho, laal jhande ke samay race ko kram ko banaae rakhakar race ko fir se shuroo kiya ja sakta hai jab ek baar yeh aisa karne ke liye surakshit ho. abhi bhi do ghante ki samay seema laagoo hoti hai aur ghadi naheen rookati hai.
• yadi race ki doori ka 75% se adhik doori tay kar li gayi ho, tab race ko samaapt kar diya jaata hai aur laal jhande se pehle doosari antim poori ki gayi chakkar se vaapas race ke parinaam ki ganana ki jaati hai.

faurmoola van ke itihaas mein race ke faurmet mein thoda badlaav aaya hai. mukhya badlaav uske ird gird ghoomti hai jise pit stop par anumati hai. grand priks resing ke shuruaati dinon mein, ek driver ko apne team ke saathi ke car mein race ko chaaloo rakhane ki anumati di jaati thi basharte usaki samasya ka vikaas hua ho; aajkal kaaron ko itna dhyaanapoorvak susajjit kiya jaata hai ki ab aisa hona naamumkin hai. haal ke varshon mein, fir se indhan bharne aur tyre ko badalne ke niyamon ke parivartan par dhyaan diya ja raha hai. 2010 ke satr se, fir se indhan bharne—ajise 1994 mein fir se shuroo kiya gaya tha—aki anumati naheen hai, jiska uddeshya suraksha ke maamalon ko lekar kam saamarik resing ko protsaahit karna hai. race ke dauraan istemaal kiye jaane vaale tyre ki aavashyak donon jodiyon ke niyam ko 2007 mein laagoo kiya gaya jiska uddeshya fir se track par resing ko protsaahit karna tha. sefti car ek doosra apekshaakrut haal ka navaachaar hai jisne laal jhande ke istemaal ki aavashyakta ko kam kar diya aur badhati antarraashtreeya live TV darshakon ke liye samay par reson ko poora karne ki anumati pradaan ki.

ank pranaali

1950 ke baad se championship ank pradaan karne ke liye kai pranaaliyon ka upayog kiya jaata raha hai. 2010 tak ^[update] sheersh das kaaron ko ankon se sammaanit kiya jaata hai, vijeta ko 25 ank praapt hote hain. pratyek race mein haasil kiye gaye ankon ki kul sankhya ko ekasaath jod diya jaata hai aur satr ke ant mein sarvaadhik ank praapt karne vaale driver aur kanstraktar hi world champion hote hain. yadi donon ki ek team ke car ank praapt karke race ko poora karte hain, to un donon ko kanstraktars championship ank praapt hote hain, jiska matlab hai ki draaivars aur kanstraktars championship ke aksar alag-alag parinaam hote hain.

ank praapt karne ke liye, ek driver ko vargeekrut hona padta hai. theek-theek kaha jaaya to vargeekrut hone ke liye driver ko race poora karne ki jaroorat naheen hai lekin jeetne vaale driver ke race ki doori ka kam se kam 90% poora karna jaroori hai. isliye, race ke khtm hone se pehle race se baahar nikaale jaane par bhi kuchh ank praapt kar paana ek driver ke liye sambhav hai.

us haalaat mein jab race ke chakkaron ke 75% se bhi kam doori tay ki gayi ho to draaivaron aur kanstraktaron ko keval aadhe ankon se sammaanit kiya jaata hai. championship ke itihaas mein aisa sirf paanch baar hua hai jismein antim baar aisa 2009 ke maleshiyn grand priks ke avsar par hua tha jab moosalaadhaar baarish ke kaaran 31 chakkaron ke baad race ko band kar diya gaya tha^[49] aur kam se kam ek avsar par championship vijeta ka nirnaya kiya gaya tha.

ek driver satr ke dauraan team badal sakta hai aur pichhle team mein praapt kisi bhi ank ko apne paas rakh sakta hai.

2010 mein faurmoola 1 ne apne ank pranaali mein sanshodhan kiya aur pichhle saalon mein aath ya chh: ke bajaay pehle das draaivaron ko ank dene ka nishchaya kiya.

1981^[50] ke baad se faurmoola van ke teemon ko aisa chesis banaane ki jaroorat hai jismein ve pratiyogita karte hain aur uske baad "team" aur "kanstraktar" shabd kamobesh ant: parivrtaneeya ban gaye. yeh aavashyakta khel ko shrrunkhala, jaise indeekaar shrrunkhala (IndyCar Series), jo teemon ko chesis khareedne ki anumati deta hai aur "kalpana shrrunkhala (spec series)", jaise GP2, jise sabhi kaaron ko ek samaan vinirdesh mein rakhane ki jaroorat hai, se alag karta hai. yeh prabhaavi dhang se praaivetiyrs par bhi pratibndh lagaata hai, jo 1970 ke dashak mein faurmoola van mein bhi bahut aam tha.

Maclaren ne engine paartanar honda ke saath [134] mein sirf ek ko chhodkar baaki sabhi race jeet liya aur vartamaan samay mein ek championship pratiyogi ke roop mein bane hua hai

khel ke pratham satr 1950 ne athaarah teemon ko pratispardha karte dekha lekin bahut jyaada kharch ki vajah se kai teemon ne bahut jald hi pratiyogita se baahar nikal gaye. vaastav mein, faurmoola van ke pehle dashak ke adhikaansh samay tak pratispardhi kaaron ka itna jyaada abhaav tha ki grid ko bharne ke liye faurmoola too kaaron ko shaamil kiya gaya. feraari hi ekamaatr abhi tak ka sakriya team hai jisne 1950 mein pratiyogita ki thi.

praarambhik nirmaata sahabhaagita "factory team" ya "varks team" (arthaat, jiska maalik ek pramukh car company tha aur usi ke karmachaari ismein kaaryarat the), jaise - alfa romiyo (Alfa Romeo), feraari (Ferrari), ya renault (Renault) ki team, ke roop mein saamane I. vastut: 1980 ke dashak ke shuroo tak gaayab hone ke baad, factory ki teemon ne 1990 aur 2000 ke dashakon mein vaapasi ki aur ya to apne khud ki teemon ki sthaapana karke ya maujooda teemon ko khareedkar feraari (Ferrari), jaguaar BMW (Jaguar BMW), renault (Renault), toyota (Toyota) aur honda (Honda) ke saath grid ke aadhe hisse tak ka gathan kiya. marsideej-benj ke svaamitv mein Maclaren team ka 40% tha aur team ke engine ka nirmaan karti hai. factory ki teemein aajkal sheersh stareeya pratiyogi teemein ban gayi hain; 2008 mein poorn svaamitv waali chaar factory teemon ne kanstraktars championship mein sheersh paanch padon mein chaar pad haasil kiya aur Maclaren ko shesh ek pad praapt hua. feraari sarvaadhik kanstraktars championship (pandrah) jeetne ke record ko banaae hue hain. haalaaainki 2000 ke dashak ke ant tak factory ki teemein ek baar fir se patan ke raaste par chalne lage, sirf feraari, marsideej-benj aur renault hi 2010 ke championship tak pravishtiyon ko darj karaane mein safal hue hain.

feraari ne pratyek satr mein pratiyogita ki hai aur sarvaadhik khitaab praapt karne ka record banaaya

companiyaan, jaise - klaaimaiks (Climax), repko (Repco), kausavarth (Cosworth), heart (Hart), jud (Judd) aur suparatek (Supertec), jinka team ke saath seedha sambandh naheen tha, aksar un teemon ko engine bechati theen jo unhein banaane ka kharch vahan naheen kar paate the. praarambhik varshon mein svatantr roop se svaamitv waali faurmoola van teemein kabhi-kabhi khud bhi engine banaati thi, haalaanki pramukh car nirmaataaon, jaise - BMW, feraari, honda, marsideej-benj, renault aur toyota, ki sahabhaagita mein vruddhi hone se yeh bahut kam aam ho gaya jinki badi bajat waali engine niji taur par nirmit injanon ko kam pratispardhi bana deti theen. kausavarth antim svatantr engine saplaayar tha, lekin 2006 ke satr ke baad isne apne antim graahakon ko kho diya. 2007 ki shuruaat mein nirmaataaon ki paryaapt dhan ki upalabdhata aur engineering kshamata antim svatantr engine nirmaataaon ko peechhe chhodkar aage nikal gayi. anumaan hai ki pramukh teemein keval injanon par prati nirmaata prati varsh €a100 aur €a200 million ($125–$250 million) ke beech ki raashi kharch kar daalte hain.^[51][52]

2007 ke satr mein, 1984 ke niyam ke baad pehli baar, do teemon ne anya teemon dvaara nirmit chesis ka istemaal kiya. super aguri (Super Aguri) ne honda resing RA106 (Honda Racing RA106) ki ek sanshodhit chesis (2006 ke satr mein honda dvaara istemaal kiya gaya tha) ka istemaal karke satr shuroo kiya, jabki skyoodiriya toro roso (Scuderia Toro Rosso) ne red bul resing RB3 (Red Bull Racing RB3) ki ek sanshodhit chesis (theek vaisa hi jaisa 2007 ke satr mein red bul (Red Bull) dvaara istemaal kiya gaya tha) ka istemaal kiya. is nirnaya mein hairaan hone waali koi baat naheen thi kyonki laagat mein vruddhi ho rahi hai, super aguri (Super Aguri) par aanshik roop se honda (Honda) ka svaamitv hai aur toro roso (Toro Rosso) par aadha svaamitv red bul (Red Bull) ka hai. faurmoola van team spaaikar ne is nirnaya ke khilaaf aavaaj uthaai aur anya teemon, jaise - Maclaren aur feraari, ne aadhikaarik taur par is abhiyaan ka samarthan karne ki pushti ki hai. anya teemon ke chesis ke is upayog ke kaaran 2006 ka satr antim satr ho gaya tha jismein "team" aur "kanstraktar" shabd vaastav mein ant:parivrtaneeya the. isne 2008 ke satr ke liye F1 ke liye prodraaiv team ko aakarshit kiya jahaan ise ek graahak car chalaana tha. Maclaren se ek paikej ko surakshit karne mein saksham naheen hone ke baad aur Williams dvaara unke khilaaf kaanooni kaarravaai karne ki dhamaki diye jaane ke baad prodraaiv ke 2008 ke satr mein pravesh karne ka iraada chhod diya gaya. ab, lagta hai ki 2010 mein aupachaarik roop se graahak kaaron par pratibndh lagaaya jaaega.^[53]

haalaanki team shaayad hi kabhi apne bajat ke baare mein jaankaari ka khulaasa karte hain, lekin aisa anumaan hai ki unamein se pratyek ke bajat ki seema US$66 million se lekar US$400 tak hain.^[54]

faurmoola van world championship mein ek nai team ke pravesh ke liye FIA ko £a25 million (lagbhag US$47 million) ki ek agrim raashi ka bhugataan karne ki aavashyakta hoti hai jise baad mein satr ke dauraan team ko vaapas kar diya jaata hai. parinaamasvaroop, faurmoola van mein pravesh karne ki ichha rakhane vaale kanstraktars aksar ek maujooda team ko khareedna pasand karte hain: B.A.R. dvaara taayarel aur midlaind dvaara jaurdan ko khareed lene se inmein se donon teemon ko bahut badi raashi jama karne se bachane aur pehle se hi team ko praapt laabhon, jaise - TV raajasv, ko surakshit karne ka mauka mil gaya. saaaincha:F1 constructors timeline

jeinsan batan, maujooda world champion

aadhunik draaivaron ko kam se kam satr ki avadhi tak ek team ke liye anubandhit kiya jaata hai lekin draaivaron ko aksar ek satr ke dauraan beech mein hi nikaal diya jaata hai ya unki badli bhi kar di jaati hai. yadyapi adhikaansh driver kshamata ke balaboote par apna pad haasil karte hain, lekin vaanijyik vichaar bhi praayojakon aur aapoortikrtaaon ko santusht karne ke liye teemon ke saath maidaan mein utaarate hain. adhikaansh teemon mein ek atirikt driver bhi hota hai, jinhein ve mukhya driver ke ghaayal ya beemaar ho jaane ki sthiti mein, race ke saptaahaanton mein laate hain. sabhi pratiyogiyon ke paas ek FIA super license hona jaroori hai.

pratyek driver ko ek number diya jaata hai. pichhle satr ke champion ko number 1 ke roop mein naamit kiya jaata hai aur saath mein uske team-saathi ko number 2 diya jaata hai. uske baad pichhle satr ke kanstraktars championship mein pratyek team ki sthiti ke anusaar number diya jaata hai. number 13 ka istemaal naheen kiya jaata hai.

is niyam ke kuchh apavaad bhi hain, jaise - 1993 aur 1994 mein, jab maujooda world draaivars champion (kramash: nigel mainsel aur alain prost) faurmoola van mein pratispardha naheen kar rahe the. is maamale mein pichhle varsh ke champion ke team ke draaivaron ko number 0 (daiman hil, donon avsaron par) aur 2 (kramash: khud prost aur aayartan sennaa—aajiski jagah unki maut ke baad David kaultahaard ne aur kabhi-kabhi nigel mainsel ne le li thi) diye jaate hain. number 13 ko 1976 ke baad se istemaal naheen kiya gaya hai, jiske pehle vyaktigat race aayojakon ke vivekaadhikaar par kabhi-kabhi ise pradaan kiya gaya. 1996 se pehle, keval world championship jeetne vaale driver aur usaki team aam taur par pichhle champion ke saath nanbaron mein fer-badal karte the-shesh ke paas poorv varshon ke unke apne number hote the kyonki unhein mool roop se 1974 ke satr ke aarambh mein nirdhaarit kiya gaya tha. kai varshon tak, udaaharan ke taur par, feraari ke paas number 27 aur 28 the chaahe world championship mein unki samaapti sthiti jo bhi rahi ho.

jochen rindt hi ekamaatr aise maranoparaant world champion hain jinke kul ankon ko 1970 ke itaaliyn grand priks mein unke ghaatak durghatana ke baavajood jeernoddhaar ke daur se naheen gujarana pada.

Michael shoomaakar sarvaadhik saat draaivars championship jeetne ka record banaae hue hain.

feedar shrrunkhala

GP2, mukhya F1 feedar shrrunkhala

F1 ke adhikaansh driver kaart resing pratiyogitaaon se shuruaat karte hain aur uske baad faurmoola 3 ke liye faurmoola Ford aur faurmoola renault jaisi paaramparik Europeeya ekal seaton waali shrrunkhalaaon aur ant mein GP2 shrrunkhalaaon ke maadhyam se saamane aate hain. GP2 ki shuruaat 2005 mein faurmoola 3000 ki jagah hui thi jisne khud hi F1 mein antim pramukh "steping ston" ke roop mein faurmoola too ki jagah li thi. is star ke adhikaansh champion F1 ki upaadhi praapt karte hain lekin 2006 ke GP2 champion luis haimiltan 2008 mein faurmoola van driver ka khitaab jeetne vaale pehle F2, F3000 ya GP2 champion bane.^[55] faurmoola van mein pravesh karne se pehle draaivaron ko is star par pratiyogita karne ki jaroorat naheen hai. british F3 ne kai F1 draaivaron ki aapoorti ki hai aur saath mein aise chaimpiynon ki bhi aapoorti ki hain, jinmein nigel mainsel, aayartan senna aur mika hakkinen shaamil hain, jo us shrrunkhala se seedhe faurmoola van mein ja chuke hain. shaayad hi kisi driver ko usase bhi neeche ke star se liya ja sakta hai jaisa ki 2007 ke world champion kimi raikkonen ke maamale mein hua tha jo faurmoola renault se seedhe F1 mein chale gaye the.

American championship car resing ne mishrit parinaamon ke saath faurmoola van grid mein bhi yogadaan diya hai. CART champions maariyo endreti aur jeks vilenyoov F1 world champions bane. anya CART ya chaimpakaar (ChampCar) chaimpiynon, jaise Michael endreti aur Christiano da maitta, ne F1 ke kisi bhi race mein jeet haasil naheen ki. anya draaivaron ne F1 ke liye alag-alag raaste apanaae hain; daiman hil ne motarabaaikon ki resing ki aur Michael shoomaakar ne sports kaaron ki resing ki, haalaanki unhonne aisa junior singal seetar rainkon ke maadhyam se aage badhne ke baad kiya. haalaanki resing ke liye driver ke paas ek FIA super license hona bahut jaroori hai-jo yeh sunishchit karta hai ki driver ke paas apekshit kaushal hain aur isliye vah doosaron ke liye khatra naheen banega. kuchh draaivaron ke paas yeh license naheen hua karta jab ve pehli baar ek F1 team ke liye hastaakshar karte; keval 23 car resing ka shreya paane ke baavajood raikkonen ko license mil gaya tha.

F1 se pare

DTM sevaanivrutt F1 draaivaron ke liye ek lokapriya gantavya ban gaya hai

adhikaansh F1 driver apne 30 ke madhya se ant tak retire ho jaate hain; haalaanki, kai driver anushaasan ke tahat resing jaari rakhate hain jiski maang shaareerik drushti se bahut kam hoti hai. DTM naamak jarman tooring car championship ek lokapriya shreni hai jismein poorv driver, jaise - do baar F1 champion rah chuke mika hakkinen, raalf shoomaakar aur jeen alesi, shaamil hote hain aur kuchh F1 driver America mein resing karne chale gaye hain—nigel mainsel aur emarsan fittipaaldi ne 1993 ke CART khitaab ke liye dvandv yuddh kiya, juaan paablo montoya, nelsan piket junior aur Scott speed NASCAR ke liye nikal chuke hain. kuchh draaivaron, jaise - vitaantoniyo liuji, Narayan Karthikeyan aur jos varstaapen, ne A1 grand priks mein resing karna jaari rakha aur kuchh, jaise - gerhaard bargar aur alain prost, team ke maalikon ke roop mein F1 mein vaapasi ki. 2008 mein apne udghaatan satr ke baad se suparaleeg faurmoola ne sebastiyn baurdais, entoniyo pijoniya aur jiyorjiyo paintaano jaise poorv-faurmoola van draaivaron ko aakarshit kiya hai. poorv faurmoola van draaivaron ke liye ek shrrunkhala, jise grand priks masters kehte hain, 2005 aur 2006 mein kuchh samay ke liye chala.^[56] anya driver TV coverage ke pandit ban gaye hain, jaise - ITV (aur baad mein BBC) ke liye Martin brundal, globo (braajeel) ke liye lusiyaano burti, itaalavi raashtreeya network RAI ke liye jeen alesi aur BBC ke liye David kaultahaard. anya, jaise - daiman hil aur jaiki steevart, apne-apne deshon mein motarasport mein sakriya bhoomikaaen nibhaate hain.

ek satr mein aayojit hone vaale grainds priks ki sankhya mein saal dar saal antar hota hai. udghaatan 1950 world championship satr mein keval saat race shaamil hote the; saal dar saal soochi ka aakaar lagbhag teen guna ho gaya hai. haalaanki 1980 ke dashak se reson ki sankhya solah ya satrah par ruki rahi, lekin yeh sankhya 2005 mein badhkar unnees ho gayi.

mool saat reson mein se chh: race Europe mein hote the; 1950 mein world championship ki tarah ginti ki jaane waali ekamaatr gair-Europeeya race indiyaanaapolis 500 thi jise F1 ki teemon ki bhaageedaari ke abhaav aur anya reson se alag vishishtataaon vaale karon ki aavashyakta ke kaaran baad mein United states grand priks dvaara pratisthaapit kar diya gaya. F1 championship dheere-dheere anya gair Europeeya deshon mein bhi fail gaya. Argentina ne 1953 mein pratham south American grand priks ki mejabaani ki aur morakko ne 1958 mein pratham aifrikn world championship race ki mejabaani ki. uske baad Asia (1976 mein Japan) aur oshiniya (1985 mein Australia) ne bhi mejabaani ki. maujooda unnees race Europe, Asia, oshiniya, uttari America aur dakshin America jaise mahaadveepon mein fail gaye hain.

2003 ke United states grand priks mein indiynapolis motor speedave ke inafild sekshan se kaars vind

paaramparik roop se pratyek raashtra ne ek-ek grand priks ki mejabaani ki hai jiske saath us desh ka naam sanlagn hai. yadi ek desh ek varsh mein ekaadhik grand priks ki mejabaani karta hai to unhein alag-alag naam praapt hota hai. udaaharan ke liye, ek Europeeya desh (jaise - Britain, Germany ya Spain), jisne do grand priks ki mejabaani ki hai, ke doosare grand priks ko yooropiyn grand priks ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, jabki Italy ke doosare grand priks ka naamakaran sameepavarti sain mairinon ganatantr ke naam par kiya gaya. isi prakaar, jab 1994/1995 mein Japan mein do reson ko soocheebaddh kiya gaya, tab doosari pratiyogita ko paisifik grand priks ke naam se jaana gaya. 1982 mein sanyukt raajya America ne teen grand priks ki mejabaani ki.

grainds priks, jinmein se kuchh ka aayojan faurmoola van world championship se pehle hua tha, har saal hamesha ek hi sarkit par aayojit naheen hote hain. udaaharan ke liye, british grand priks, haalaanki 1950 se har saal iska aayojan hota raha hai, 1963 se 1986 tak braands haich aur silvaraston mein baari-baari se aayojit hua. pratyek satr mein shaamil kiya jaane wala ekamaatr anya race itaaliyn grand priks hai. world championship pratiyogita ka aayojan vishesh roop se monja mein hua hai jiska keval ek apavaad hai: 1980 mein iska aayojan imola mein hua tha jo 2006 tak sain mairino grand priks ka mejabaan tha.

grand priks ki soochi mein nae reson mein se ek, jo bahareen mein aayojit hua tha, uchch takaneek ke uddeshya se banaae gaye registaani track ke saath madhya poorv mein faurmoola van ke pratham prayaas ka pratinidhitv karta hai. bahareen grand priks aur cheen evam Turkey mein aayojit hone vaale anya nae race, faurmoola van grand priks frainchaaij ki vruddhi aur vikaas ke nae avsar pradaan karte hain jabki nae-nae kendra bhi poori duniya mein anya faurmoola van resing sthaanon ki seema mein vruddhi karte hain. nae reson ki soochi ke liye jagah banaane ke uddeshya se Europe aur amerikaas mein puraane ya kam safal pratiyogitaaon, jaise - Argentina, ostriya, maiksiko, France, sain mairino aur sanyukt raajya America ki pratiyogitaaen, ko soochi se baahar kar diya gaya hai.

soochi mein bilkul haal hi mein shaamil ki gayi pratiyogitaaon mein vaileinshiya street sarkit ka bhi naam hai jo 2008 mein yooropiyn grand priks ka mejabaan bana aur jisne Spain ko do grand priks diye.^[57] sitmbar 2008 mein, Singapore grand priks, jisne faurmoola van mein aayojit hone vaale ab tak ke sabse pehle raatri race ki mejabaani ki, ek baar mein hi aayojit hone ke uddeshya se khel ke mukhya kendra Europeeya darshakon ke liye bahut anukool tha.^[58] soochi mein sabse haal mein shaamil Abu Dhabi grand priks hai, jisne 2009 ke satr ke antim race ki mejabaani ki, jisne din se lekar raat tak hone vaale pehle race ka gaurav praapt kiya. aane vaale samay mein soochi mein shaamil hone vaale soocheebaddh nae sarkiton mein Korean grand priks, jo pehli baar October 2010 mein aayojit hoga aur indiyn grand priks, jo 2011 mein Bhaarat ke Delhi mein aayojit hoga, ka naam shaamil hai.^[59]

saao paaulo mein otodromo jos kaarlos pace braajeeliyn grand priks ka mejabaan hai

otodromo naajeeonel maunja, itaaliyn grand priks ka gruh, faurmoola van mein abhi bhi upayog mein sabse sarkiton mein se ek hai

ek vishisht sarkit mein aam taur par seedhe sadak ka ek failaav shaamil hota hai jis par aarambh grid sthit hota hai. pit len, jahaan driver race ke dauraan indhan aur taayaron ke liye rookate hain aur jahaan team race se pehle kaaron par kaam karte hain, aam taur par aarambh grid se aage sthit hota hai. sarkit ke shesh hisse ka leaaut vyaapak roop se bhinn hota hai, haalaanki jyaadaatar maamalon mein sarkit ek ghadi ki disha mein chalta hai. ghadi ki vipreet disha mein jaane waali (aur isliye khaas taur par baaen haath ki disha mein mod aate hain) kuchh sarkiton ki vajah se driver ko gardan ki samasya ka saamana karna pad sakta hai kyonki F1 kaaron dvaara bahut jyaada paarshv bal utpann hota hai jo driver ke siron ko saamaanya sthiti se vipreet disha mein kheenchne lagte hain.

aajkal istemaal ho rahi sarkiton mein se adhikaansh sarkiton ko vishesh roop se pratiyogita ke liye banaaya gaya hai. maujooda sadak sarkit monaiko, melaborn, vaileinshiya aur Singapore hain, haalaanki anya shahari sthaanon (udaaharan ke liye, loss Vegas aur detrauit) par resing hoti rahati hain aur aise reson ke prastaavon par aksar vichaar-vimarsh kiya jaata hai–abhi haal hi mein landan aur peris mein aisa hua tha. kai anya sarkiton ko bhi poori tarah se ya aanshik roop se saarvajaanik raaston par lagaaya jaata hai, jaise - spa-frainkorachaimps. monaiko race ka glaimar aur itihaas sarkiton ke abhi bhi istemaal hote rahane ke praathamik kaaran hain kyonki aisa maana jaata hai ki anya traikon par lagaae gaye sakht suraksha jarooraton ko poora naheen kiya gaya hai. teen baar world champion rah chuke nelsan piket ne monaiko mein resing ki vyaakhya bade shaanadaar dhang se nimn roop mein ki "yeh ek tarah se apne living roop mein chaaron taraf cycle ki savaari karne jaisa tha"^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]}.

draaivaron ki suraksha ko dhyaan mein rakhate hue banaae jaane vaale sarkit design ab din par din parishkrut hote ja rahe hain jiska ek jeeta jaagata udaaharan naveen bahareen intaranaishanal sarkit hai jise 2004 mein shaamil kiya gaya aur jise haraman tilk ne design kiya tha jo ek tarah se F1 ke adhikaansh nae sarkiton ki tarah hi tha. F1 ke nae sarkiton mein se kai, khaas taur par tilk dvaara design ki gaye sarkit, ki aalochna mein kaha gaya hai ki ismein spa-frainkorachaimps aur imola jaisi utkrushtata ke "pravaah" ka abhaav hai. Germany mein hokenaheim sarkit ke liye, udaaharan ke liye, graindastainds ke liye adhik kshamata pradaan karte hue aur bahut jyaada lambi aur khatarnaak seedhe raaste ko khtm karte hue, unhonne fir se jo design taiyaar kiya tha us par kai logon ne naaraajagi jataai hai, ve tark dete hain ki hokenaheim sarkit ki sthiti ka bhaag lamba tha jo seedhe kaale jangali bhaagon mein chala gaya tha. ye navanirmit sarkit, haalaanki, aam taur par aadhunik faurmoola van ke suraksha maanakon ko puraane sarkiton ki apeksha adhik kushalataapoorvak poora karne mein saksham hain.

F1 ki soochi mein abhi haal hi mein vaileinshiya^[57], Singapore^[60] aur Abu Dhabi^[61] ko shaamil kiya gaya hai. 2011 mein pehli baar Bhaarat mein ek faurmoola 1 grand priks ka aayojan kiya jaaega.^[62]

keval ek race ke liye kam se kam 5000 aagantukon ke thaharane ke liye hotel ke kamron ki jaroorat padti hai. [5]

ek [177] Maclaren MP4-21 ke peechhe ka ek vihangam drushya

faurmoola van ke aadhunik kaaron ke engine beech mein hote hain, cockpit khule hote hain, khula pahiya hota hai aur baithane ke liye ismein keval ek hi seat hota hai. iske chesis jyaadaatar kaarban faaibar mishran se bane hote hain jo ise halka lekin bahut kathor aur majaboot banaata hai. engine, taral padaarth aur driver sahit poore car ka vajan keval 620 kilo hota hai—ayah viniymon dvaara nirdhaarit kam se kam vajan hai. kaaron ki banaavat aam taur par kam se kam ki tulane mein bhi halaki hoti hai aur isliye ve kam se kam vajan ka bojh uthaane mein saksham hote hain. race team is bojh ko chesis ke ekdam neeche rakhakar iska laabh uthaate hain jisse sanchaalan aur vajan hastaantaran mein sudhaar karne ke liye jitna sambhav ho utana neeche gurutvaakarshan ka kendra sthit ho jaata hai.^[63]

faurmoola van ke kaaron ki modne ki gati ko jyaadaatar vaayugatikeeya nimnabal dvaara nirdhaarit kiya jaata hai jise ve utpann karte hain jo car ko track par dhakelata hai. ise vaahan ke aage aur peechhe ki taraf sthit "dainon" dvaara aur car ke sapaat tal ke tahat nimn daab dvaara nirmit bhooprabhaav dvaara pradaan kiya jaata hai. kaaron ki vaayugatikeeya design car ke oopar, neeche aur uske aaspaas hava ke pravaah ko bahut kareeb se niyantrit karne ke liye design ki gayi asankhya chhote-chhote dainon, "baarj board" aur turning veins vaale sport kaaron ke pradarshan aur maujooda peedhi ko seemit karne ke liye bahut jyaada baadhya hote hain.

kaaron ko modne ki gati ko niyantrit karne wala anya pramukh kaarak taayaron ka design hai. adhikaansh anya sarkit resing shrrunkhalaaon ki tarah 1998 se 2008 tak faurmoola van ke tyre "chikne" (bina kisi treed paitarn vaale tyre) naheen hote the. iske bajaay, pratyek tyre ke satah par chaar bade-bade paridheeya khaanche hote the jinhein kaaron ko modne ki gati ko seemit karne ke liye design kiya gaya tha.^[64] 2009 ke satr mein faurmoola van mein chikne taayaron ki vaapasi hui. nilanban chaaron taraf se double vishbon ya malteelink hota hai jiske saath chesis par pusharaud dvaara chaalit spring aur daimpar hote hain. iska ekamaatr apavaad 2009 ke vinirdeshan red bul resing car (RB5) mein dekhne ko milta hai jo peechhe ki taraf pularaud ka istemaal karta hai, jo 20 se bhi adhik varshon mein aisa karne wala pehla car hai.^[65]

kam vajan aur adhik gharshan pradarshan ke liye kaarban-kaarban disk break ka istemaal kiya jaata hai. ye bahut uchch stareeya breking pradarshan pradaan karte hain aur ye aam taur par aise tatv hain jo faurmoola ke nae draaivaron se bahut jyaada pratikriya utpann karte hain.

ek BMW saubar P86 V8 engine, jisne apne [187] F1.06 ko sanchaalit kiya.

injanon ko aakaankshit V8 ke liye aam taur par 2.4 liter hona chaahiye aur saath mein unke design aur saamagriyon par kai anya avarodh bhi hone chaahiye jinhein istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. engine saarvajanik roop se upalabdh petrol ki tarah bahut baareeki se dikhne vaale bina seesa vaale indhan par chalta hai.^[66] tel, jo engine ko chikna rakhate hain aur use jaroorat se jyaada garm hone se bachaate hain, bahut kuchh jal ke gaadhepan ki tarah hi hota hai. 2006 ki peedhi ka engine 20,000 RPM tak chala aur 780 break ashvashakti (580 kilovaut) tak utpaadan kiya.^[67] 2007 ke liye injanon ko 19,000 RPM ke liye pratibandhit kiya gaya aur saath mein ise kuchh seemit vikaas kshetron ke liye anumati di gayi aur uske baad 2006 ke ant se engine ke vinirdeshan ka istemaal band ho gaya.^[68] 2009 ke faurmoola van ke satr ke liye injanon ko ab fir se 18,000 RPM ke liye pratibandhit kiya gaya hai.^[69]

maujooda viniymon ke tahat vibhinn prakaar ki kai praudyogikiyon par pratibndh laga diya gaya hai jismein sakriya nilanban, bhooprabhaav aur tarbochaarjar shaamil hain. iske baavajood aaj ki peedhi ki kaarein kuchh sarkiton par 350 kimi/ghanta (220 meal/ghanta) ki gati tak pahunch sakti hain.^[70] 2006 mein mojev registaan mein ek runway par kam se kam nimnabal ke saath daudti hui ek honda faurmoola van car ne 415 kimi/ghanta (258 meal/ghanta) ki ek sheersh gati haasil ki. honda ke anusaar, car ne FIA faurmoola van viniymon ka poori tarah se paalan kiya.^[71] vaayugatiki par seemaaon ke saath bhi, 160 kimi/ghanta (99 meal/ghanta) par vaayugatikeeya roop se pravaahit nimnabal car ke vajan ke baraabar hota hai aur baar-baar doharaaya jaane vaale daave ki faurmoola van kaarein "oonchaai par chalaane" par kaafi nimnabal utpann karti hain, jabki siddhaant mein sambhav hai, ko kabhi bhi pareekshan mein naheen daala gaya hai. car ke vajan se 2.5 guna nimnabal ko poonav gati par praapt kiya ja sakta hai. nimnabal ka matlab hai ki kaarein mod ke samay gurutvaakarshan bal (3.5g) se 3.5 guna parimaan wala ek paarshv bal praapt kar sakti hain.^[72] nateejatan, mod ke samay 20 kilon ke vajan ke baraabar ke ek bal ke saath driver ka sir agal-bagal kheencha jaata hai. itna adhik paarshv bal shvaans lene mein kathinaai paida karne ke liye kaafi hai aur islliye race ko poora karne ke liye lagne vaale ek se do ghante tak apne dhyaan ko banaae rakhane ke liye driver ko sarvochch ekaagrata aur fitness ki jaroorat hai. feraari enjo ki tarah ka uchch-pradarshan dene wala road car keval 1g hi praapt karta hai.^[73]

2010 tak ^[update] pratyek team ke paas kisi bhi samay istemaal karne ke liye do se adhik car upalabdh naheen ho sakta hai. pratyek driver ek satr ke dauraan aath se adhik engine ka istemaal naheen kar sakta hai; yadi aath se adhik engine ka istemaal kiya jaata hai, to vah pratiyogita ke aarambh sthal ke das sthaanon ko chhod deta hai jahaan ek atirikt engine ka istemaal kiya jaata hai. pratyek driver chaar lagaataar pratiyogitaaon ke liye ek se adhik giyrabauks ka istemaal naheen kar sakta hai; pratyek anirdhaarit giyrabauks parivartan ke liye driver ko grid par paanch sthaan ko chhod dena padta hai jab tak vah team ke niyantran se baahar ke kaaranon ki vajah se pichhle race ko poora karne mein vifal naheen ho jaata.^[74]

faurmoola 1 ismein shaamil bahut se pakshon ke liye faayademand hai—aateevi channel reson ka prasaaran karke laabh kamaate hain aur teemon ko prasaaran ke adhikaaron ki bikri aur apne kaaron par praayojakon ke logo se milne vaale dhan ka ek hissa mil jaata hai.

ek brand naya sthaayi sarkit, jaisa ki cheen ke Shanghai mein hai, ka nirmaan karne ka kharch laakhon-karodon dollar tak ja sakta hai, jabki ek saarvajanik sadak, jaise - albart park, ko ek asthaayi sarkit mein badalne ka kharch bahut kam hota hai. haalaanki sthaayi sarkit niji reson aur anya reson, jaise - motojeepi (MotoGP), ke liye track ko patte par dekar saal bhar raajasv utpann kar sakta hai. Shanghai sarkit ka nirmaan karne mein $300 million se adhik dhan kharch hua tha.^[75] iske maalik 2014 tak isse haanirhit vyaapaar karne ki ummeed kar rahe hain. istaanbul park sarkit ko banaane mein $150 million kharch hua.^[76]

sabhi sarkit laabh haasil naheen karte hain—aaudaaharan ke liye, albart park ko 2007 mein $32 million ka nuksaan uthaana pada.^[77]

March 2007 mein F1 resing ne faurmoola van teemon dvaara kiye gaye kharch ke apne vaarshik anumaan ko prakaashit kiya. 2006 mein sabhi gyaarah teemon ke kul kharch ke 2.9 billion US dollar hone ka anumaan tha. yeh anumaan nimn prakaar se toot gaya; toyota (Toyota) $418.5 million, feraari (Ferrari) $406.5 million, Maclaren (McLaren) $402 million, honda (Honda) $380.5 million, BMW saubar (BMW Sauber) $355 million, renault (Renault) $324 million, red bul (Red Bull) $252 million, Williams (Williams) $195.5 million, midlaind F1/spaaikar-MF1 (Midland F1/Spyker-MF1) $120 million, toro roso (Toro Rosso) $75 million aur super aguri (Super Aguri) $57 million.

team dar team kharch mein kaafi antar hota hai. anumaan hai ki honda, toyota, Maclaren-marsideej aur feraari ne 2006 mein injanon par lagbhag $200 million kharch kiya, renault ne lagbhag $125 million kharch kiya aur kausavarth ke 2006 ke V8 ke vikaas mein $15 million lag gaya.^[78] 2006 ke satr, jis par ye aankade aadhaarit hain, ke vipreet 2007 ke khel viniymon ne engine vikaas se sambandhit sabhi pradarshan par pratibndh laga diya.^[79]

faurmoola van ko 2000 ke dashak ke shuroo mein kathin paristhiti se gujarana pada. Michael shoomaakar aur skyoodiriya feraari ke prabhutv ke kaaran dekhne vaale logon ki sankhya mein kami I aur prashansakon ne apni anichha jaahir ki.^[80] 2005 ke baad se vibhinn satron ke kaaran dekhne vaale logon ke aankade ki haalat mein sudhaar ke kuchh sanket mil rahe hain. feraari aur shoomaakar ke panchavarsheeya prabhutv ka ant 2005 mein hua jab renault faurmoola van ka sheersh team ban gaya aur saath mein farnaando alonso nae (aur us samay tak ke sabse yuva) world champion bane. uske baad se khel ki ruchi ka ek punarutthaan hua hai, khaas taur par alonso ki maatrubhoomi Spain aur luis haimiltan evam jensan batan ki maatrubhoomi United Kingdom mein. 2006 mein, baais teemon ne 2008 ke satr ke liye upalabdh antim baarahavein team sthal ke liye aavedan kiya. ant mein is sthal ko poorv B.A.R. aur benetan team principle David richrds ke prodraaiv sangathan ko pradaan kiya gaya, lekin yeh team November 2007 mein 2008 ke satr se baahar nikal gaya.

ek chinh jo darshaata hai ki sefti car (SC) tainaat hai. suraksha, aadhunik F1 mein sarvopari chintaajanak vishay hai.

faurmoola van resing ke uttarottar badhte kharch (jo sabse jyaada chhoti-chhoti teemon ko prabhaavit karta hai) se nipatne ke liye niyam banaane aur khaas taur par 1994 rolaind raitjnbargar aur aayartan senna ki maut ke pariprekshya mein khel ko yathaasanbhav surakshit rakhane ki sthiti ko sunishchit karne ka daayitv FIA par hai. is uddeshya se FIA ne niyamon mein kai parivartan kiye hain, jismein nae tyre pratibandh, malti-race engine aur nimnbal mein katauti shaamil hai. paaramparik roop se niyam-parivartan ko lekar hone vaale sabhi vichaar-vimrshon mein suraksha aur laagat sarvopari raha hai. abhi haal hi mein FIA ne apni praathamiktaaon mein dakshata ko shaamil kiya hai. aajkal FIA aur nirmaata 2011 ke satr ke liye jaiv-indhan injanon aur punaryoji breking ko shaamil karne par vichaar-vimarsh kar rahe hain. poorv FIA adhyaksh maiks mosle ka maanana hai ki F1 ko motor vaahan udyog mein takaneeki drushti se praasangik bane rahane ke saath janta ko F1 praudyogiki ke prati utsaahit banaae rakhane ke liye dakshata par avashya dhyaan dena chaahiye.

ek world championship ke roop mein khel ki bhoomika ko sahi arth pradaan karne ki ichha se FOM adhyaksh barni ikleston ne nae deshon mein kai grand priks ka aarambh aur aayojan kiya hai aur nae bhaavi reson par vichaar-vimarsh karna chaaloo rakha hai. pruthvi ke globe ke nae kshetron mein khel ka teevr vistaar bhi kuchh savaal chhod jaata hai ki kaun-kaun se reson mein katauti hogi.

faurmoola van ko duniya bhar ke lagbhag pratyek desh aur kshetr mein live ya der se tape par dekha ja sakta hai aur yeh duniya ke TV darshakon ke ek bahut bade hisse ko aakarshit karta hai. 2008 ke satr ne pratyek race ke liye duniya bhar se 600 million darshakon ko aakarshit kiya.^[5] yeh ek vishaal TV kaaryakram hai; 2001 ke satr ke liye sanchayi TV darshakon ki sankhya 54 billion tha jiska prasaaran do sau deshon mein kiya gaya tha.^[81]

2007 british grand priks mein track fotograafaron.

2000 ke dashak ke aarambh ke dauraan, faurmoola van group ne ise ek kaurporet pehchaan pradaan karne ke prayaas mein iske liye asankhya tredamaark, ek aadhikaarik logo aur ek aadhikaarik website ka nirmaan kiya. ikleston ne ek digital teleevijn package (jise bolachaal ki bhaasha mein barneevijn ke naam se jaana jaata hai) ke saath prayog kiya jise 1967 ke jarman grand priks mein pehle GP rangeen TV prasaaran ke tees saal baad jarman digital teleevijn seva "DF1" ke sahayog se 1996 ke jarman grand priks mein shuroo kiya gaya. is seva ne darshak ko kai samakaaleen sanbharan (jaise - super signal, onabord, top of field, baikafeeld, haailaaits, pit len, timing) pradaan kiya jise paaramparik coverage ke liye istemaal kiye jaane vaale upakaranon se alag kaimaron, takaneeki upakaran aur karmachaariyon ki sahaayata se nirmit kiya gaya. ise saal dar saal kai deshon mein shuroo kiya gaya lekin vitteeya kaaranon ki vajah se 2002 ke satr ke baad band kar diya gaya.

TV station vahi sab grahan karte hain jise "world feed" ke naam se jaana jaata hai, chaahe vah FOM (faurmoola van management) dvaara nirmit ho ya kabhi-kabhi "mejabaan prasaarak" dvaara. "Premier" hi ekamaatr aisa station tha jo vaastav mein isse alag tha—ayeh ek jarman channel hai jo sabhi satron ko live aur sanvaadaatmak roop mein pesh karta hai aur saath mein jismein onabord channel ki suvidha hoti hai. yeh seva 2002 ke ant tak adhik vyaapak roop se Europe bhar mein upalabdh tha, jab digital sanvaadaatmak sevaaon ke ek sampoorn alag sanbharan ki laagat haalaanki bahut adhik thi. United Kingdom mein skaai digital ke maadhyam se shuroo kiye gaye "F1 digital +" channel ke vifal hone ki vajah se yeh bade bhaag mein tha. darshakon ke liye keematein itni jyaada thi ki ve kvaalifaaing aur race donon ko khud ITV par muft dekhne ke baare mein soch-vichaar karne lage.

haalaanki, 2009 ke satr ke liye apne coverage ki shuruaat mein BBC ne poorak suvidhaaon jaise - "red batan" in-car camera kon, ekaadhik soundtrack (prasaaran kameintari, bachchon ke liye CBBC kameintari, ya keval vyaapak dhvani) aur ek roling haailaaits package ko fir se shuroo kiya. race saptaahaant se pehle, ke dauraan aur uske baad vibhinn digital pletafaarmon (freevyoo (Freeview), freesait (Freesat), skaai digital (Sky Digital), varjin media kebal (Virgin Media cable) aur BBC F1 website) mein in suvidhaaon ke alag-alag mishran upalabdh rahate hain. takaneeki baadhaaon ke kaaran sabhi vibhinn pletafaarmon par sabhi sevaaon upalabdh naheen hoti hain. BBC, digital sthaleeya pletafaarmon ke "red batan" sanvaadaatmak sevaaon par ek post-race program ka bhi prasaaran karta hai jise "F1 forum" kehte hain.

barni ikleston ne ghoshana ki thi ki F1, 2007 ke satr ke ant ke nikat HD faurmet apna lega. uske baad 2008 ke aarambh mein ki gayi ek ghoshana mein daava kiya gaya tha ki BBC, ITV se adhikaar grahan kar 2009 se paanch varshon tak F1 ka prasaaran karega jo 1997 se iska prasaaran kar raha tha.^[82] haalaanki, 31 December 2008 ko BBC sport (BBC Sport) ke director Roger mose ne ghoshana ki ki FA ka prasaaran BBC HD par naheen kiya jaaega kyonki "koi bhi HD^[83] world feed upalabdh naheen hai".^[84]

faurmoola 1 ka ek atyadhik web anuyaayi varg hai aur saath mein ise BBC jaisi sarvaadhik pramukh TV companiyon ka samarthan praapt hai. faurmoola 1 website faurmoola van ka aadhikaarik website hai aur ismein ek live timing jaava aipalet hai jise real time mein leedarabord ko achhi sthiti mein rakhane ke liye race ke dauraan istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. haal hi mein aaityoons aip store (iTunes App Store) mein ek aadhikaarik anuprayog upalabdh karaaya gaya hai jo aaifon (iPhone) / aaipaud touch (iPod Touch) upayogakartaaon ko driver ki sthiti,^[85] timing aur kameintari ke ek real time feed ko dekhne ki suvidha pradaan karta hai.

aajkal "faurmoola van race" aur "world championship race" shabd kaafi prabhaavi roop se ek samaan arth pradaan karte hain; 1984 ke baad se pratyek faurmoola van race ki ginti world championship ke roop mein ki gayi hai aur pratyek world championship race ka aayojan faurmoola van ke viniymon ke anusaar kiya gaya hai. lekin donon shabd ant:parivrtaneeya naheen hai. gaur karein ki:

• pratham faurmoola van race ka aayojan 1947 mein kiya gaya tha jabki 1950 tak world championship shuroo naheen hua tha.
• 1950 aur 1960 ke dashak mein kai faurmoola van race hue jiski ginti world championship ke roop mein naheen ki gayi (jaise - 1950 mein kul milaakar baais faurmoola van reson ka aayojan kiya gaya, jismein se keval chh: ki ginti world championship ke roop mein ki gayi). 1970 aur 1980 ke dashak bhar mein gair-championship pratiyogitaaon ki sankhya mein praasangik roop se kami I jahaan antim gair-championship faurmoola van race ka aayojan 1983 mein kiya gaya.
• world championship hamesha vishesh roop se faurmoola van pratiyogitaaon se naheen bana tha:
  • world championship ko mool roop se "world championship for draaivars" ke roop mein, arthaat, sheershak mein "faurmoola van" shabd ke bina, sthaapit kiya gaya. yeh keval 1981 mein aadhikaarik taur par faurmoola van world championship bana.
  • 1950 se 1960 tak indiyaanaapolis 500 ki ginti world championship ke roop mein ki gayi thi. is race ka sanchaalan faurmoola van viniymon ke bajaay AAA/USAC viniymon ke anusaar hota tha. world championship ke niyamit draaivaron mein se keval ek driver, albarto askaari, ne 1952 mein is avadhi ke dauraan indiyaanaapolis mein pratispardha ki.
  • 1952 se 1953 tak world championship ke roop mein ginti kiye jaane vaale sabhi reson (indiyaanaapolis 500 ko chhodkar) ka sanchaalan faurmoola too ke viniymon ke anusaar hua tha. is avadhi ke dauraan faurmoola van ko "faurmoola too mein parint" naheen kiya gaya; faurmoola van ke viniym usi tarah rahe aur is samay ke dauraan anginat faurmoola van reson ka manchan kiya gaya.

yeh antar us samay sabse adhik praasangik hota hai jab kairiyr saaraansh aur "abhi tak ki soochiyon" par vichaar kiya jaata hai. udaaharan ke liye, faurmoola van draaivaron ki soochi mein kleemeint biyondetti ke naam ke aage 1 race dikhaaya gaya hai. biyondetti ne vaastav mein 1950 mein chaar faurmoola van reson mein pratiyogita ki, lekin inmein se keval ek ki ginti world championship ke liye ki gayi. isi tarah, kai Indy 500 vijetaaon ne takaneeki roop se apna pehla world championship race jeeta, haalaanki adhikaansh darj pustikaaon mein ise najarandaaj kiya gaya aur iske bajaay keval niyamit pratibhaagiyon ko hi darj kiya gaya.

takareeban "world championship race" ka darja paane se vanchit hone vaale reson mein se sabse haal ke "faurmoola van race" ka ek udaaharan 2005 ka United states grand priks tha. 20 mein se 14 draaivaron ne apne michelin taayaron ki samasya ke kaaran resing naheen ki aur is samasya ka ek upayukt samaadhaan dhoondh nikaalne mein asafal hone ki vajah se ek gair-championship race ki mejabaani karne ke samjhaute mein 10 mein se 9 team shesh rah gaye. aisa sirf isliye hua tha kyonki feraari ne in yojanaaon par chalne se inkaar kar diya tha jiski vajah se is vifalta ka saamana karna pada, haalaanki yeh kaha gaya tha ki mosle ne USA mein FIA ke sabse varishth pratinidhi shri Martin ko soochit kiya tha ki yahi kisi prakaar ke gair-championship race ka sanchaalan hua, ya sarkit mein kisi tarah ka badlaav kiya gaya, to US grand priks aur vaastav mein US mein FIA ke viniymon par chalne vaale sabhi motarasport par khatre ke baadal mandaraaenge.^{[krupaya uddharan jodein]} usi din pratiyogitaaon ka vahi stodaart sanskaran prakaashit kiya gaya, FIA ne is baat se inkaar karte hue byaan jaari kiya ki mosle ne kathit taur par dhamaki di thi ya is tarah ki koi baatcheet hui thi.

vikimeediya kaumans par faurmoola van se sambandhit media hai.

• Formula1.com— faurmoola van management ki aadhikaarik site; soocheepatr, daud parinaam, pratyek daud ke dauraan samay rahate, aadhikaarik F1 shaup aur kuchh samaachaar shaamil hai.
• faurmoola 1 live streem
• F1seasonreview.com — F1 prashansakon aur sampaadkon dvaara F1 samaachaar aur satr ki sameekshaaen
• FIA website se maujooda niyam
• draaivars hall of fem- aadhikaarik faurmoola 1 vebasaait se vishv chainpiyans ke saath chhoti jeevani ke links.
• autosport.com-motarasaport news, lekh aur vishleshan. AtlasF1 ke roop mein jaana jaane wala
• plainet F1 se F1 news
• TotalF1.com faurmoola 1 news portal
• GrandPrix.com -F1 news aur grand priks vishvakosh
• BBC sport par F1—aBBC se news, pictures aur kameintri, F1's british brodakaastar
• 2008 F1 spautar guide (PDF)
• AutocourseGPA.com-1950 se aitihaasik parinaam aur aankade aur chhaviyaan
• F1DB-parinaam, saankhyiki
• 4mula1-1950 se parinaam aur aankade
• resinga360— sferikl viyuj mein aitihaasik F1