dasharath

dasharath rishyashrrung ko lene ke liye jaate hue

dasharath vaalmeeki raamaayan ke anusaar ayodhya ke raghuvanshi (sooryavanshi) raaja the. vah ikshvaaku kul ke the tatha prabhoo shreeraam — jo ki vishnu ka avataar the — ke pita the. dasharath ke charitra mein aadarsh mahaaraaja, putron ko prem karne vaale pita aur apne vachanon ke prati poorn samarpit vyakti darshaaya gaya hai. unki teen patniyaaain theen – kaushalya, sumitra tatha kaikeyi. angadesh ke raaja romapaad ya chitrarath ki dattak putri shaanta maharshi rishyashrung ki patni theen. ek prasang ke anusaar shaanta dasharath ki putri theen tatha romapaad ko god di gayeen theen.^[1]

dasharath aur unke chaar putr

dasharath adhed umr tak pahuainch gaye the lekin unka vansh samhaalane ke liye unka putr roopi koi vanshaj naheen tha. unhonne putr kaamna ke liye ashvamedh yagya tatha putrakaameshti yagya karaane ka vichaar kiya. unke ek mantri sumantr ne unhein salaah di ki vah yeh yagya apne daamaad rishyashrung ya saadhaaran ki bolachaal mein shrungi rishi se karavaayein. dasharath ke kul guru brahmarshi vashishth the. vah unke dharm guru bhi the tatha dhaarmik mantri bhi. unke saare dhaarmik anushthaanon ki adhyakshata karne ka adhikaar keval dharm guru ko hi tha. at: vashishth ki aajnyaa lekar dasharath ne shrungi rishi ko yagya ki adhyakshata karne ke liye aamantrit kiya.
shrungi rishi ne donon yagya bhali bhaanti poorn karavaaye tatha putrakaameshti yagya ke dauraan yagya vedi se ek aalaukik yagya purush ya prajaapatya purush utpann hua tatha dasharath ko svarnapaatr mein naivedya ka prasaad pradaan karke yeh kaha ki apni patniyon ko yeh prasaad khila kar vah putr praapti kar sakte hain. dasharath is baat se ati prasann huye aur unhonne apni pattaraani kaushalya ko us prasaad ka aadha bhaag khila diya. bache huye bhaag ka aadha bhaag (ek chauthaai) dasharath ne apni doosari raani sumitra ko diya. uske bache huye bhaag ka aadha hissa (ek bata aathavaaain) unhonne kaikeyi ko diya. kuchh sochakar unhonne bacha hua aathavaaain bhaag bhi sumitra ko de diya. sumitra ne pehla bhaag bhi yeh jaanakar naheen khaaya tha ki jab tak raaja dasharath kaikeyi ko usaka hissa naheen de dete tab tak vah apna hissa naheen khaayegi. ab kaikeyi ne apna hissa pehle kha liya aur tatpashchaat sumitra ne apna hissa khaaya.^[2] isi kaaran Ram (kaushalya se), bharat (kaikeyi se) tatha Lakshman va shatrughn (sumitra se) ka janm hua.

kaikeyi ka kopabhavan mein dasharath se do var maangana

Ram ke seeta ke vivaah ke baad dasharath ne yeh ghoshana kar di ki Ram ka raajyaabhishek turant hoga. kaikeyi ki ek kubadi daasi thi manthara jisne kaikeyi ko bachapan se paal-pos kar bada kiya tha aur kaikeyi ke vivaah ke baad maano uske dahej mein uske saath bheji gayi thi. vah ek kutil raajaneetijnya thi. usane kaikeyi ko mantrana di ki Ram ke raajyaabhishek se kaikeyi ka bhala naheen varan anahit hi hone wala hai. usane kaikeyi ko raaja dasharath se apne do var maangane ki salaah di. yeh ghatna us samay ki hai jab dasharath devon ke saath milkar asuron ke viruddh yuddh kar rahe the. asuron ko khadedte samay unka rath yuddh ke keechad (rakt, paseena tatha mrutak shareer) mein fains gaya. us rath ki saarathi swayam kaikeyi theen. usi samay kisi shatru ne yudhaastr chala kar dasharath ko ghaayal kar diya tatha vah maranaasann ho gaye. yadi kaikeyi unke rath ko ranabhoomi se door le jaakar unka upachaar naheen karateen to dasharath ki mrutyu nishchit thi. dasharath ne hosh mein aakar kaikeyi se koi bhi do var maangane ka aagrah kiya. us samay ayodhya saamraajya ki paristhitiyaaain anukool theen tatha sabhi sauhaardrapoorn vaataavaran mein ji rahe the at: kaikeyi ne vah var maangane se inkaar kar diya aur yeh kah kar taal diya ki samay aane par vah yeh var maang leingi. ab jabki dusht manthara ke bahakaave mein aakar kaikeyi ko yeh aabhaas ho gaya ki shreeraam ke raajyaabhishek ke baad usaka anahit hi hone wala hai, usane kopabhavan mein jaane ka vichaar kar liya. us kaal mein ranivaas mein ek kopabhavan hota tha jahaaain koi bhi raani kisi bhi kaaranavash kupit hokar apni asahamati vyakt kar sakti thi aur raaja ka kartavya hota tha ki use kopabhavan ke praangan mein jaakar us raani ko manaana padta tha. raaja dasharath ne bhi vaisa hi kiya. jab kaikeyi ne apne do var maangane ki ichha darshaai to kaamonmukt raaja dasharath raaji ho gaye. yahaaain par yeh naheen bhoolana chaahiye ki kaikeyi dasharath ki sabse yuva raani thi aur raaja dasharath swayam chauthe kaal mein pahuainch gaye the. (is vyaakhyaan ke sandarbh mein yeh bataana uchit hoga ki hindu dharm ke anusaar chaar prakaar ke kaal ya aashram bataaye gaye hain — garbhaashram – jo ki manushya ke janm se lekar lagbhag aath varsh ki umr tak apni maata ke saath rahane ko kehte hain, brahmacharyaashram – jo ki lagbhag aath se pachchees varsh ki aayu tak hota hai aur vyakti gurukul mein vidya tatha saansaarik gyaan arjit karne mein vyateet karta hai, gruhasthaashram – jo ki lagbhag pachchees se pachaas varsh tak ki aayu ka hota hai aur vyakti gurukul ke guru dvaara aayojit vivaah ke saansaarik bodh mein apne ko samarpit kar deta hai tatha vaamaprasthaashram – jab manushya ishvar ki upaasana ki or gatibddh ho jaata hai. yahaaain par bhi vah apne saansaarik uttaradaayitv ka nivaaran karta hai. paaainchaveen avastha jo ki vaikalpik hai, sanyaas ki hai, jab vyakti saansaarik moh maaya ke pare jaakar keval bhagavat smaran karta hai. is avastha ke liye yeh anivaarya hai ki manushya ne apne saare uttaradaayitv bhali bhaanti nibha liye hon. is avastha mein manushya aranya mein jaakar rishiyon ki sharan leta hai.) at: unka kaikeyi ke prati vaasana jaagna svaabhaavik tha aur us vaasana ke liye jo bhi ban pade vah nibhaane ke liye raaja dasharath tatpar rahate the. ab kaikeyi ne raaja dasharath se vah do var maange. ek se swayam ke putr bharat ko ayodhya ki raajagaddi tatha doosare se Ram ko chaudah varsh ka vanavaas. raaja dasharath yeh bardaashat na kar sake. unhonne kaikeyi ko bahut manaane ki koshish ki. use bura-bhala bhi kaha. lekin jab kaikeyi ne unki ek na maani to vah aahat hokar vaheen kopabhavan mein gir gaye.

Ram dasharath se van jaane ki aajnyaa lete huye

Ram ko jab is vishay ki aabhaas hua to vah swayam hi dasharath ke sameep gaye aur unase aagrah kiya ki raghukul ki maryaada ko dhyaan mein rakhate hue vah kaikeyi ko donon var pradaan kar dein. unhonne hath karke raaja ko in baaton ke liye mana liya aur sannyaasiyon ke vastr pahanakar seeta tatha Lakshman ke saath van ki or nikal pade. dasharath yeh sadama bardaasht na kar sake aur unhonne apne praan tyaag diye.^[3]
raamaayan mein dasharath ka naam iske baad tabhi aaya hai jab Ram apne aapko dasharath-putr kehkar ya to sambodhit karte hain ya fir apna is sandarbh mein parichay dete hain.