dakshin Korea
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dehaan minguk Korea ganaraajya
대aa한aa민aa국 / 大aa韓aa民aa國 |
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| raashtragaan: aegukega (hindi: deshbhakti ka geet) | ||||||
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rajdhani aur sabse badaa nagar |
siol 37°a35′aN 127°a0′aE / 37.583°aN 127°aE |
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| raajabhaasha(eain) | Koreai | |||||
| sarkaar | adhyaksheeya ganaraajya | |||||
| - | raashtrapati | park huaing haaya | ||||
| - | pradhaanamantri | |||||
| sthaapana | ||||||
| - | gojosion | 3 October, 2333 ipooa | ||||
| - | ganaraajya ghoshit | 1 March 1919 (de jure) | ||||
| - | mukti | 15 August 1945 | ||||
| - | pehla ganaraajya | 15 August1948 | ||||
| - | sanyukt raashtra sangh maanyata | 12 December 1948 | ||||
| kshetrafal | ||||||
| - | kul | 99,646 varg kilometer (108 vaan) 38,492 varg meal |
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| - | jal (%) | 0.3 | ||||
| janasankhya | ||||||
| - | July 2006 janaganana | 55,846,823 (25 vaan) | ||||
| sakal ghareloo utpaad (PPP) | 2005 praakkalan | |||||
| - | kul | 994.4 arab $ (14 vaan) | ||||
| - | prati vyakti | 20,590 $ (33 vaan) | ||||
| maanav vikaas soochakaank (2004) | 0.912 bahut uchch · 26 vaan |
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| mudra | dakshin Koreai vaun (KRW) | |||||
| samay mandal | Korea maanak samay (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+9) | |||||
| - | greeshmakaaleen (di॰ba॰asa॰) | aakalan naheen (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+9) | ||||
| doorabhaash koot | 82 | |||||
| Internet teeeladi | .kr | |||||
| a kahaavati. | ||||||
dakshin Korea (Koreai: 대aa한aa민aa국 (dehaan minguk), 大aa韩aa民aa国 (hanyaja)), poorvi Asia mein sthit ek desh hai jo Koreai praayadveep ke dakshini ardhabhaag ko ghere hue hai. 'shaant subah ki bhoomi' ke roop mein khyaat is desh ke pashchim mein cheen, poorv mein Japan aur uttar mein uttar Korea sthit hai. desh ki rajdhani siyol duniya ka doosra sabse bada mahaanagareeya kshetr aur ek pramukh vaishvik nagar hai. yahaan ki aadhikaarik bhaasha Koreai hai jo hangul aur hanyaja dono lipiyon mein likhi jaati hai. raashtreeya mudra vaun hai.
uttar Korea, is desh ki seema se lagta ekamaatr desh hai, jiski dakshin Korea ke saath 238 kilimeetar lambi seema hai. dono koriyaaon ki seema vishv ki sabse adhik sainya jamaavade waali seema hai. saath hi donon deshon ke beech ek asainya kshetr bhi hai.
Koreai yuddh ki vibheeshika jhel chuka dakshin Korea vartamaan mein ek viksit desh hai aur sakal ghareloo utpaad (kraya shakti) ke aadhaar par vishv ki terahaveen aur sakal ghareloo utpaad (sanjnyaaatmak) ke aadhaar par pandrahaveen sabse badi arthavyavastha hai.Korea me 15 antaraashtreeya bimaanasthal hai aur kareeb 500 vishvavidyaalaya hai log bidesho yaha adhyayan karne aate hai . yaha audyogik vikaas bahut huai hai aur Korea me cheen sahit 15 desho ke log rojagaar anumati pranaali(EPS) ke maadhyam se yaha kaam karte hai .jisme dakshin Asia ke 4 desho Nepal Bangladesh Sri Lanka Pakistan hai .
anukram
naamotpatti
dakshin Koreai apne desh ko haanguk kehte hain, jiska shaabdik arth hai "haanon ki bhoomi" (hangul: 한aa국, haanyaja: 韩aa国). haan ek praagaetihaasik janajaati ka naam hai jo Koreai praayadveep par rahate the. ye haan, haan cheeniyon se alag hain. desh ka ek upanaam hai "josion" jiska arth hai, shaant subah ki bhoomi.
daaihaan minguk desh ka aadhikaarik naam hai, jiska arth hai Korea ganaraajya ya shaabdik arth hai mahaan haan ganaraajya (대aa한aa민aa국; 大aa韩aa民aa国).
itihaas
navapaashaan kaal ke logon ka koreeyaai praayadveep par pratham pravasan teesari shataabdi isaapoorv ka hai. tabase, yeh desh cheen aur Japan ke beech apni pehchaan ko banaae hue hai. Korea ki sanskruti ek samruddh sanskruti hai jiski apni alag pehchaan hai.
Korea ka samakaaleen vibhaajan 1910 mein Japan ke Koreai praayadveep ke adhigrahan se aarambh hua tha. 1945 mein dviteeya vishv yuddh ki samaapti par, Koreai praayadveep ka do bhaagon mein, us samay ki do mahaashaktiyon soviyt sangh aur sanyukt raajya America dvaara vibhaajan kiya gaya. 1948 mein uttar aur dakshin Korea svatantr hue aur uttari bhaag saamyavaadi bana aur dakshini bhaag America dvaara prabhaavit tha. Koreai yuddh June 1950 se aarambh hua jismein uttar ka samarthan cheen aur dakshin ka samarthan sanyukt raajya America ne kiya. 1953 mein donon pakshon ke beech ek shaanti samjhaute par hastaakshar kiye gaye jisse yuddh par viraam laga. lekin aaj bhi dono Korea aadhikaarik roop se yuddharat hain kyonki abhi tak kisi bhi yuddh samaapti patra par hastaakshar naheen kiye gaye hain. 1953 se hi Koreai praayadveep uttar aur dakshin Korea ke beech asainya kshetr ke roop mein 38vein samaanaantar par bainta hua hai aur inki seema vishv ki sarvaadhik sainya jamaavade waali seema hai.
yuddh ke baad, Korea ganaraajya mein sattaavaadi shaasan pralaani ubhari jo syangman rhi aur fir park chung-hi ke adheen thi. taanaashaahi sarkaar hone ke baad bhi dakshin Korea ne aane vaale agale teen dashakon mein abhootapoorv unnati ki aur 1950 mein ek atyant pichhde deshon ki shreni se nikalkar viksit deshon ki shreni mein aa gaya. is abhootapoorv unnati ke kaaran hi dakshin Korea ko chaar Asiaee cheeton mein se ek maana jaata hai. taanaashaahi sarkaar ke adheen 18 May, 1980 ko gvaangjoo mein hue lokatantr aandolan mein maanavaadhikaar hanan ki baat bhi saamane I.
1980 mein hue virodh-pradarshanon ke kaaran taanaashaahi samaapt hui aur ek lokataantrik sarkaar sthaapit ki gayi. kim dei-jung desh ke pehle nirvaachit raashtrapati the jo jinke paas vaastavik lokataantrik vaidhata thi.
bhoogol
Korea ganaraajya, Koreai praayadveep par dakshini bhaag mein sthit hai aur Asia ki mukhyabhoomi se 1,100 kimi ki doori par sthit hai. desh ke pashchim mein peela saagar, poorv mein Japan saagar, dakshin mein Korea ki khaadi, uttar mein uttar Korea iske padosi hain. desh ka kul kshetrafal 99,617 varg kilometer hai.
desh ka bhoodrushya adhikaanshat: pahaadi hai aur desh ke 30% bhoobhaag par faila hua hain. tat se door iske 3,000 dweep hain jinmein se adhiktar nirjan hain aur bahut chhote hain. sabse bada dweep jejoo hai. jalavaayu, maunasooni hai, garmiya garm aur aadrataayukt hoti hain, sardiya thandi aur shushk hoti hain. vaarshik varsha sthiti siyol mein 1,370 mileemeetar se lekar boosaan mein 1,470 mimi hai.
raajaneeti
- raashtrapati
dakshin Korea mein raashtrapati raashtapramukh hota hai. vartamaan raashtrapati li myoong-baak hain jo hannaara dal se hai aur 2007 mein ve raashtrapati nirvaachit hue the.
- sansad
yahaaain ki sansad ekasadaneeya hai jismein 299 seatein hain. 243 pratinidhiyon ka bahusankhyak pranaali ke antargat ekal-seat nirvaachan-kshetron se chayan kiya jaata hai, 46 ka chayan daleeya soochi ke aadhaar par kiya jaata hai, jismein 5% ka avarodhan hai. pratinidhiyon ka kaaryakaal 4 varshon ka hota hai.
desh mein sansadeeya chunaav 1980 se aarambh hue the. 1988 tak desh mein chunaavon par bahut se pratibndh the jo raashtrapatiyon jaise park gung hi aur baad mein chun do-hvaan ne lagaae the. 1988 mein desh ke pehle sansadeeya chunaav hue. 2008 ke sansadeeya chunaavon ke parinaam is prakaar hain:
| dal | maton ki sankhya | pratishat | +/- | seaton ki sankhya ekal-seat nirvaachan kshetr |
seaton ki sankhya daleeya soochi |
kul seatein | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bhavya raashtreeya dal | 64,21,654 | 37.4 | +1.6 | 131 | 22 | 153 | +32 |
| sanyukt lokataantrik dal | 43,13,111 | 25.1 | −20.3 | 66 | 15 | 81 | −80 |
| Pak gathabandhan gyenhe | 22,58,726 | 13.1 | +13.1 | 6 | 8 | 14 | +14 |
| nirdaleeya | 13,91,392 | 8.1 | +7.8 | 25 | 0 | 25 | +22 |
| udaaravaadi pragatisheel dal | 11,73,452 | 6.8 | +6.8 | 14 | 4 | 18 | +18 |
| lokataantrik shram dal | 9,73,394 | 5.6 | −7.4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | −5 |
| srujanaatmak Korea dal | 6,51,980 | 3.8 | +3.8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | +3 |
| kul | 1,71,83,709 | 100.0 | — | 245 | 54 | 299 | — |
| srot: Adam kaarr | |||||||
arthavyavastha
2008 ki sthiti tak dakshin Korea ki arthavyavastha kraya shakti ke aadhaar par vishv ki terahaveen sabse badi aur sanjnyaaatmak aadhaar par pandrahaveen sabse badi arthavyavastha hai. prati vyakti aay 1963 mein 100 $ se badhkar 2005 mein 20,000 $ ho gayi.
pichhle saath varshon ke dauraan dakshin Korea ki arthavyavastha ke pramukh kshetron mein chamatkaari parivartan aaya hai. dashak 1940 ke dauraan desh ki arthavyavastha mukhyat: krushi-aadhaarit aur kuchh halake udyogon par aadhaarit thi. agale kuchh dashakon ke dauraan arthavyavastha mein halke udyogon aur upabhokta utpaadon par bal diya gaya aur dashak 1970 aur 1980 ke dauraan bhaari udyogon par bal diya gaya. pratham 30 varshon ke dauraan raashtrapati park chung hi ne 1962 se panyach varsheeya yojanaaen aarambh keen, jiske parinaamasvaroop arthavyavastha bahut teji se aage badhi aur iska svaroop bhi badla. dashak 1960 se 1990 ke madhya hui abhootapoorv unnati ke kaaran dakshin Korea ko taaivaan, Singapore aur haang kaang ke saath-saath ek Asiaee cheeta maana jaata hai.
1960 ke baad se hui is unnati mein dashak 1980 ke antim varshon mein utaar aane laga. us samay tak aarthik vruddhi dar ghatkar 6.5% rah gayi, jabki vetan, janasankhya aur mudraasfeeti mein vruddhi hui. anya viksit deshon ke samaan hi dashak 1990 mein arthavyavastha mein seva kshetr ka yogadaan badha aur yeh kshetr pradhaan ban gaya aur vartamaan mein GDP mein do-tihaai yogadaan deta hai.[1]
janasaankhyiki
dakshin Korea ek samanasleeya desh hai Koreai janasankhya ka bahut bada bhaag (lagbhag 98%) hain. iske atirikt desh mein lagbhag 1 lakh cheeni bhi rahate hain jo seedhe cheen se na hokar anya sthaanon jaise haang kaang, makaau, Japan, Malaysia, Bhaarat, fileepeens ityaadi se hote hue yahaaain aae hain.
bhaasha
Koreai bhaasha yahaaain ki aadhikaarik bhaasha hai jo altik bhaasha parivaar se sambandhit hai. Koreai lekhan lipi, haangul, ka aavishkaar 1446 mein raaja sejong ke kaal mein hua tha jiska uddeshya apni praja mein shiksha ka prasaar karna tha. hunmin jiongium (훈aa민aa정aa음, 训 民 正aa音) ki shaahi udghoshana mein cheeni varnon ko ek aam vyakti dvaara seekhana bahut kathin maana jaata tha, jiska shaabdik arth hai "dhvaniyaan jo logon ko sikhaane ke liye upayukt hain". Koreai lipi, cheeni lekhan lipi se bhinn hai kyonki yeh dhvanyaatmak Koreai se bhinn hai.
bahut se maulik shabd Koreai mein cheeni bhaasha se liye gaye aur vruddh Koreai abhi bhi haanyaja mein likhte hain, jo cheeni chitralipi aur Japani kaanyaji ke samaan hai, kyonki Japani shaasanakaal ke dauraan Koreai mein bolna aur likhna pratibndhit tha.
2000 mein sarkaar ne romaneekaran pranaali laane ka nirnaya liya. angreji adhikaansh praathamik vidyaalayon mein dviteeya bhaasha ke roop mein padhaai jaati hai. iske atitikt maadhyamik vidyaalayon mein do varshon tak cheeni, Japani, fraanseesi, jarman, ya speni bhaashaaen bhi padhaai jaati hain.
dharm
isaai dharm aur bauddh dharm desh ke do pramukh dharm hain. desh mein isaai janasankhya ka 49% (36% protestent aur 13% roman kaithalik) aur bauddh 47% hain. yadyapi keval 3% janta hi swayam ko kanfyooshiys kehti hai lekin koreeyaai log kanfyooshiyn vishvaason se bahut prabhaavit hain. shesh Koreai shaamanijm aur chiondogyo dharmon ka paalan karte hain.
sanskruti
Koreai paaramparik sanskruti donon koriyaao mein samaan hai, par 1945 mein vibhaajan ke baad se donon deshon ki samakaaleen sanskrutiyaan vishisht roop se viksit hui hain. etihaasik roop se Korea ki sanskruti uske padosi cheen ki sanskruti ke bahut prabhaavit rahi hai lekin fir bhi apne vishaal padosi se alag sanskruti ka vikaas karne mein dakshin Korea safl raha hai. dakshin Koreai sanskruti, khelakood aur paryatan mantraalaya paaramparik kalaaon aur aadhunik roopaantaron ko sahaayata raashi aur shiksha pradaan kar badhaava deta hai.[2]
audyogeekaran aur nagareekaran ke kaaran dakshin Korea mein logon ke rahane ke dhang mein bahut parivartan aaya hai. badalate arthatantr aur jeevan-shaili ke kaaran bade nagaron mein janasankhya ghanatv badha hai, visheshakar rajdhani siyol mein, jisse bahu-peedheeya parivaaron ka sthaan laghu parivaaron ne le liya hai.
kala
vaastushilp
Pak shaili
Koreai Pak shaili, haanguk yori, ya haansik, ka vikaas sadiyon ke saamaajik aur raajanaitik parivrtanon ke dauraan hua hai. saamagri aur vyanyajan vibhinn praanton mein bhinn hain. aise bahut se kshetreeya roop se mahatvapoorn vyanyajan hain jinka desh ke vibhinn bhaagon mein prasaar hua hai. Koreai shaahi darbaar ne ek samay saare kshetreeya vishisht vyanyajanon ko shaahi parivaar ke liye ekatrit kiya tha. shaahi parivaar aur janasaadhaaran koriyaaiyon dvaara khaaya jaane wala bhojan ek vishisht saanskrutik shishtaachaar dvaara viniymit raha hai.
Koreai khaanapaan mukhya roop se chaaval, noodal, tofoo, sabjiyon, machhali aur maans par aadhaarit raha hai. paaramparik Koreai bhojan bahut se sahaayak bhojanon (side dish), ke liye jaana jaata hai, jaise banyachan (반aa찬) jo bhaap me pakaae gaye chhote daanon vaale chaavalon ke saath parosa jaata hai. pratyek bhojan bahut se banyachan ke saath parosa jaata hai, kimchi, ek kinvit aur bahudha masaaledaar sabji wala bhijn hai jo sabhi bhojon ke dauraan parosa jaata hai aur vikhyaat Koreai vyanyajanon mein se ek hai.
shiksha
shiksha ko dakshin Korea mein saflata ke liye bahut mahatvapoorn maana jaata hai, isliye is maamale mein bahut galaakaat pratispardha hai. 2006 mein antarraashtreeya vidyaarthi moolyaankan ke oiseedi kaaryakram ke parinaam anusaar dakshin Korea samasya hal karne mein pratham, ganit mein teesare aur vigyaan mein saatavein sthaan par tha.[3] dakshin Korea ki shiksha pranaali praudyogikeeya roop se agravarti hai aur yeh pehla aisa desh hai jisne poore desh mein praathamik aur maadhyamik vidyaalayon ke liye uchch gati ke faaibar optik intaranet abhigman ki suvidha upalabdh karaai hai. is avasaranchana ka upayog karke, dakshin Korea ne vishv mein sarvapratham dijitk pustakein viksit ki hain aur jinka deshbhar mein pratyek praathamik aur maadhyamik vidyaalaya mein 2013 tak nishulk vitran kiya jaaega.[4]
khelakood
maarshal Arts taakvaando ka janm Korea mein hua tha. dashak 1950 aur 1960 ke dauraan, vartamaan niyamon ko maanakeekrut kiya gaya aur taakvaando 2000 mein aadhikaarik olympic kreeda bana.[5] anya koriyaii maarshal Arts mein teikkeon, haapkido, taang soo, cook sool von, koomdo aur soobaak.[6]
Korea mein futbaul paaramparik roop se sarvaadhik dekha jaane wala khel hai. haal hi mein hue pol ye bataate hain ki 56.7% dakshin Koreai khel prashansak swayam ko futbaul prashansak bataate hain, jabki besabaul prashansak 19.1% ke saath doosare sthaan par hain. haalaanki, pol mein yeh ingit naheen kiya gaya ki kitne prashansak donon khelon ke prashansak hain.[7]
in khelon ke atirikt dakshin Korea ne 1986 (siyol) aur 2002 (busaan) ke Asiaee khelon ki mejbaani bhi ki thi. 1988 mein dakshin Korea mein olympic khelon ki mejbaani ki jisme dakshin Korea 12 svarn, 10 rajat aur 11 kaansya padakon ke saath chauthe sthaan par raha tha.
October 2010 mein, dakshin Korea ne pehli baar rajdhani siyol se 400 kimi dakshin mein sthit yeongam mein Koreai antaraashtreeya paripth mein faurmula van race ka bhi aayojan kiya tha.
dakshin Korea aur naabhikeeya astr
2004 mein dakshin Koreai adhikaariyon ne maana ki 1980 mein dakshin Korea ne hathiyaar-yogya Plutonium praapt karne ke liye pareekshan kiye the aur 2000 mein Uranium sanvardhan ke liye. haalaanki, siyol ne, aai॰aae॰aai॰aae ko is baare mein soochit na karke naabhikeeya aprasaar sandhi ka ghor ullanghan kiya tha. 26 sitmbar, 2004 ko aai॰aae॰aai॰aae visheshagyon ne dakshin Korea ke sanvardhan kaaryakram ki jaankaari lene ke liye desh ke naabhikeeya thikaanon ka daura kiya aur yeh sujhaaya ki dakshin Korea ke Uranium sanvardhan kaaryakram ka sainya pahaloo bhi hai.
yeh bhi dekhiye
- koriyaayi bhaasha aur saahitya
- wikt:Korea (vikshanari)
- poorvi Asia
sandarbh
- ↑ Country Studies: South Korea (angreji)
- ↑ "Associated Organisations"
- ↑ "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development" abhigman: 18-02-2010
- ↑ "Broadband Korea: Internet Case Study" abhigman: 18-02-2010
- ↑ Taekwondo vishv taaikvaando parisangh
- ↑ Korea maarshal Arts parisangh (Koreai)
- ↑ "research about the most popular spectator sport in Korea" abhigman: 29-10-2010
baahari kadiyaaain
| dakshin Korea praveshadvaar |
- Korea ganaraajya ka aadhikaarik jaalaprushth (angreji)
- Korea paryatan ka aadhikaarik jaalaprushth (bahubhaasheeya)
- aao Koreai seekhein