daalacheeni
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 daalacheeni ki pattiyaaain evam pushp
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Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl |
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daalacheeni (Cinnamomum verum, ya C. zeylanicum) ek chhota sadaabahaar ped hai, jo ki 10–15 mi (32.8–49.2 feet) ooncha hota hai, yeh lauresii (Lauraceae) parivaar ka hai. yeh Sri Lanka evam dakshin Bhaarat mein bahutaayat mein milta hai. iski chhaal masaale ki tarah prayog hoti hai. ismein ek alag hi khushboo hoti hai, jo ki ise garam masaalon ki shreni mein rakhati hai.
anukram
parichay
garam masaalon aur aushadhi ke roop mein prayukt daalacheeni sinnemomam jaailainikm braain. (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn.) naamak ped ki chhaal ka naam hai jise angreji mein 'kaishiya baark' ka vruksh kaha jaata hai,. yeh sadaabahaar ped lauresii vansh ki anya pramukh prajaatiyon ke pedon ke samaan Sri Lanka, Bhaarat, poorvi dweep tatha cheen ityaadi deshon mein saadhaaranataya sulabh hai. is prajaati ki anya jaatiyon, yatha si. obtyoosifoliym nees, bhed kaisiya pi. evam E. tatha bhed lauriri pi. env E. (C. obtusifolium Nees var. cassia Perrot and Eberhardt as also var. Ioureirii P. and E.) tatha si. tamaal nees evam ebarm. (C. tamala Nees & Eberm) ka bhi upayog chhaal nikaalne tatha usaka saugandhik tel banaane ke liye kiya jaata hai. in jaatiyon ke ped Bhaarat mein poorvi himaalaya ke ilaakon, asam, sikkim tatha khaasi aur jaintiya ki pahaadiyon mein 900 se lekar 2,500 meter tak ki ooainchaai tak paae jaate hain.
garam masaalon mein daalacheeni ka upayog Bhaarat mein hajaaron varshon se hota aa raha hai. iska varnan sanskrut ke praacheen granthon mein bhi praapt hota hai. itihaas ke adhyayan se bhi gyaat hota hai ki Bhaarat se iska niryat arab, misr, grees, Italy aur Europe ke sabhi deshon mein hota tha. baaibil mein bhi iska ullekh hai.
Sri Lanka dweep ke dakshin-pashchim bhaag mein daalacheeni ke ped ki kheti lagbhag bees kilometer ki doori tak negunbo, Colombo aur maatura ke beech, 450 meter ki ooainchaai tak ki bhoomi par ki jaati hai. vrukshon ka prasaaran beejon aur kalamon se kiya jaata hai. upajaaoo bhoomi mein lage pedon par se doore varsh ke ant mein, varsha ritu mein, pratham baar chhaal utaari ja sakti hai. chhaal utaar lene par ped mar jaata hai, parantu uske mukhya tane mein chaar se saat tak nai shaakhaaeain nikal aati hain, jinpar se pun: do varsh uparaant chhaal utaari jaati hai. chhaal ko 24 ghanton tak sukhaakar aur saaf karke, haathon se lapetakar unako ek meter lambi, patali naliyon ke aakaar mein baaaindhakar becha jaata hai. daalacheeni ka sugandhit tel bhi aarthik mahatva ka hai.
itihaas
daalacheeni doorasth puraatanata se gyaat kiya gaya hai. yeh 2000 BCE ke roop mein jaldi ke roop mein misr ke liye aayaat kiya gaya tha, lekin jo report hai ki yeh cheen se aaya tha yeh kaisiya ke saath bhramit hai. hibroo baaibil masaale ka vishesh ullekh kai baar karta hai: pehli baar jab moosa donon mithaai (hibroo: קaaִaaנaaָaaּaaמaaוaaֹaaן qinnāaamôaan) daalacheeni ka upayog karne ki aajnyaa hai aur pavitra Abhishek tel mein kaisiya, neetivchan jahaan premi bistar lohabaan ke saath sugandhit kiya jaata hai mein, ek dastaavar aushadhi aur daalacheeni aur sulaimaan ke geet, ek geet apni preyasi, daalacheeni scents ke saundarya ka varnan mein Lebanon ki gandh ki tarah uske kapadon daalacheeni Ketoret jo jab jikr karne ke liye prayog kiya jaata hai ke ek ghatak tha. pavitra dhoop hibroo baaibal aur talmood mein varnit hai. yeh samay jab nivaas pratham aur dviteeya yarooshalem mandir mein sthit tha mein vishesh dhoop ki vedi par ki peshakash ki thi. Ketoret yarooshalem mein mandir seva ke ek mahatvapoorn ghatak kiya gaya tha. yeh praacheen raashtron ke beech itna uchch beshakeemati tha ki yeh samraaton ke liye ek upahaar fit aur ek devata ke liye bhi roop mein maana gaya tha: theek shilaalekh meeletus mein Apollo ke mandir daalacheeni aur kaisiya upahaar record hai haalaanki iske srot rakha gaya tha. bichauliyon jo masaale ke vyaapaar ko sambhaala, aapoortikrtaaon ke roop mein apne ekaadhikaar ki raksha ke dvaara sadiyon ke liye bhoomadhya duniya mein rahasyamaya, daalacheeni Sri Lanka ke mool nivaasi hai. yeh bhi herodotas aur anya shaastreeya lekhakon dvaara liye alluded. yeh bahut mahanga tha karne ke liye aamtaur par rom mein antim sanskaar pyres par istemaal kiya ja, lekin samraat neero ke antim sanskaar mein shahar ki aapoorti ke ek saal ke moolya 65 E. mein usaki patni Poppaea sabeena ke liye jala diya hai karne ke liye kaha hai. kaahira ki neenv se pehle, Alexandria daalacheeni ke bhoomadhya shiping bandargaah tha. Europeeya jo laitin lekhakon jo herodotas ke havaale se the jaanta tha pata tha ki daalacheeni aaya misr ke vyaapaar bandaragaahon ke liye laal saagar, lekin chaahe ithiyopiya se hai ya naheen spasht ki tulana mein kam thi. jab Sieur de Joinville misr dharmayuddh par 1248 mein apne raaja ke saath, unhonne bataaya ki vah kya kaha aur kiya gaya tha vishvaas ki daalacheeni jaal mein duniya ke kinaare par neel nadi ke srot par nikaala gaya tha. madhya yug ke maadhyam se, daalacheeni ke srot pashchimi duniya ke liye ek rahasya tha. Marco polo is score par sateek se parahej herodotas aur anya lekhakon mein, arab daalacheeni ka srot tha: vishaal daalacheeni pakshiyon daalacheeni chipk jaati hai jahaan daalacheeni ke ped vruddhi hui hai aur unhein istemaal karne ke liye apne ghonsale ka nirmaan ek agyaat bhoomi se ekatr, arabon. ek chaal kaaryarat praapt karne ke liye laathi. yeh kahaani 1310 Byzantium ke roop mein der ke roop mein vartamaan tha, haalaanki pehli sadi mein, Pliny badi likha tha ki vyaapaariyon ko is ap kram mein aur adhik chaarj kar diya tha. Sri Lanka mein badh raha hai masaala ka pehla ullekh Zakariya mein al Qazwini atahar al bilad va - akhbar al'ibad ("sthaan aur Bhagwan Bondsmen ke itihaas ke smaarak") 1270 ke baare mein mein tha. yeh sheegra hi peechha kiya gaya tha uske baad Montecorvino ke 1292 ke baare mein ek patra mein, John dvaara indoneshiyaai rafts seedhe maulukas se poorvi Africa, jahaan sthaaneeya vyaapaariyon to yeh roman baajaar ke liye uttar kiye gaye. "daalacheeni maarg" par daalacheeni (kayu aadmi sachmuch "meethi lakdi" ke roop mein Indonesia mein jaana jaata hai) le jaaya inhein bhi dekhein Rhapta. arab vyaapaariyon sikndariya thalachar vyaapaar maargon ke maadhyam se masaala, misr mein laaya jahaan yeh Italy se venis ke vyaapaari jo Europe mein masaale ke vyaapaar par ekaadhikaar aayojit dvaara khareeda gaya tha. Mamluk sultaanon aur turk saamraajya jaise anya bhoomadhya shaktiyon ki vruddhi se is vyaapaar ke vightan, kai kaarak hai ki netrutv Europeeya aur adhik vyaapak roop se Asia ke liye anya maargon ke liye khoj karne ke liye kiya gaya tha. purtagaali vyaapaariyon ke ant mein solahaveen sadi ki shuruaat mein seelon (Sri Lanka) mein utara aur sinhali, jo baad mein daalacheeni ke liye seelon mein ekaadhikaar aayojit dvaara paaramparik aur daalacheeni ka utpaadan prabandhan punargathan. purtagaali dweep par 1518 mein ek kile ki sthaapana ki aur ek sau se adhik varshon ke liye apne swayam ke ekaadhikaar sanrakshit. dach vyaapaariyon ko antat: candy ke antardesheeya kingadam ke saath gathabandhan purtagaali ukhaad feinkana hai. ve 1638 mein ek vyaapaarik post sthaapit, 1640 dvaara kaarkhaanon ka niyantran le liya aur 1658 ki sabhi shesh purtagaali nishkaasit kar diya. ek dach kaptaan dweep ke tat se bhara rahe hain "ki soochana di," aur yeh sab oriyent mein sabse achha hai: jab ek dweep ki hava ke saath hai, ek abhi bhi daalacheeni aath league samudra mein kar sakte hain gandh baahar " (Braudel, 1984 pru 215) dach East India company ke liye jangali mein kataai ke tareekon ovarahaal jaari rakha aur ant mein apne swayam ke ped kheti ke liye shuroo kiya. 1767 mein, East India company ke laard brown (ab kannoor) Kerala ke jile kannaanor mein Anjarakkandy Anjarakkandy ke paas daalacheeni estate ki sthaapana ki aur is sampatti Asia ki sabse badi daalacheeni sampatti ban gaya. british dach se 1796 mein dweep ka niyantran le liya. haalaanki, seelon ke ekaadhikaar ke mahatva pehle se hi anya kshetron mein fail daalacheeni ped ki kheti ke roop mein giraavat tha, hai aur adhik aam kaisiya chhaal adhik upabhoktaaon ko sveekaarya ho gaya hai aur kaufi, chai, cheeni aur chaukalet ki lokapriyta mein aage badhna shuroo kar diya paramparaagat masaale.
kheti
daalacheeni do to yeh coppicing varshon ke liye ped badhti dvaara kaata jaata hai. agale varsh, ke baare mein ek darjan shooting jadon se banegi. is tarah se kaata shaakhaaon se baahari chhaal scraping dvaara sansaadhit kar rahe hain, to shaakha samaan roop se ek hathauda ke saath bheetari chhaal dheela pitaai. bheetari chhaal to lambe rol mein beshakeemati hai. patali (0.5 mimi) (0.020) mein bheetari chhaal ka upayog kiya jaata hai keval, baahari, vudi bhaag khaarij kar diya hai, meter lambi daalacheeni strips ki sookhane par rol quills ("") mein karl ja. sookhi ek baar, chhaal 5-10 semi (2.0-3.9) bikri ke liye lanbaai mein kat jaata hai. chhaal ke turant baad kataai jabki abhi bhi geela hai sansaadhit kiya jaana chaahiye. ek baar sansaadhit, chhaal chaar se chhah ghante mein poori tarah se basharte ki yeh ek achhi tarah sanvaatit aur apekshaakrut garm vaataavaran mein hai, sookh jaaega. ek se kam aadarsh sukhaane paryaavaran chhaal mein keet ke prasaar, jo tab dhooni dvaara upachaar ki aavashyakta ho sakti hai protsaahit karti hai. baark ilaaj is tarah se anupachaarit chhaal ke roop mein ek hi premium gunavatta ka naheen maana jaata hai. daalacheeni ki kheti Sri Lanka mein ati praacheen kaal se kiya gaya hai aur ped bhi dakshin Bhaarat mein Kerala, Bangladesh, jaava, sumaatra, vest Indies, Brazil, viytanaam, medaagaaskar, janjeebaar aur misr mein vaanijyik bade ho. Sri Lanka daalacheeni ek bahut patali, ek halke peele bhoore rang aur ek uchch sugandhit khushboo ke saath chikni chhaal hai. Sri Lanka mein haal ke varshon mein, yaantrik upakaranon ke liye premium gunavatta aur majadoor suraksha aur svaasthya sunishchit karne ke viksit kiya gaya hai ki desh mein vishvavidyaalayon Ruhuna vishvavidyaalaya dvaara netrutv dvaara kaafi anusandhaan ke baad,. international heraald tribyoon ke anusaar, 2006 mein Sri Lanka duniya daalacheeni ka 90%, cheen, Bhaarat, viytanaam aur dvaara peechha utpaadan ke anusaar efaeo, Indonesia daalacheeni ki duniya kaisiya jeenas ke 40% ka utpaadan. Sri Lanka ki greding pranaali ke chaar samoohon mein daalacheeni quills vibhaajit hai: Alba, vyaas mein kam se kam 6 mimi (mein 0.24) kaunatineintal, vyaas mein kam se kam 16 mimi (mein 0.63) maiksikn, vyaas mein kam se kam 19 mimi (0.75 mein) Hamburg, vyaas mein kam se kam 32 mimi (mein 1.3) in samoohon ko aur vishisht gred mein vibhaajit hain. udaaharan ke liye, maiksikn M00 vishesh, 000 M000000 aur M0000 mein baanta gaya hai, kalam aur prati kilo quills ke vyaas ki sankhya ke aadhaar par. chhaal ki koi 106 se bhi kam (4.2 inch) lambe mimi tukade quillings ke roop mein vargeekrut kar rahe hain. Featherings tahaniyaaain aur mud shooting ke bheetari chhaal kar rahe hain. chips quills ki sajaavat, baahari aur bheetari chhaal ki alag naheen kiya ja sakta hai, ya chhote tahaniyaaain ki chhaal kar rahe hain.
daalacheeni evam kaisiya
prayog
daalacheeni ki chhaal ek masaale ke roop mein vyaapak roop se prayog kiya jaata hai. yeh mukhyat: ek masaala aur svaadisht banaane ka masaala saamagri ke roop mein rasoi mein kaaryarat hain. yeh chaukalet ki taiyaari mein prayog kiya jaata hai, vishesh roop se Mexico, jo sach daalacheeni ke mukhya aayaatak hai. yeh bhi seb pai, donats aur daalacheeni bans ke roop mein ke roop mein achhi tarah masaaledaar candy ke roop mein kai desart vyanjanon, mein prayog kiya jaata hai, chai, garm koko aur liqueurs. kaisiya bajaay sach daalacheeni, meetha vyanjan mein upayog ke liye adhik upayukt hai. madhya poorv mein, yeh aksar chikn aur bhed ke bachche ke svaadisht vyanjanon mein kiya jaata hai. sanyukt raajya America mein, daalacheeni aur cheeni aksar svaad anaaj, roti aadhaarit vyanjan aur fal, vishesh roop se seb ke liye upayog kiya jaata hai, ek mishran daalacheeni cheeni bhi aise prayojanon ke liye alag se becha. daalacheeni bhi namakeen banaana mein istemaal kiya ja sakta hai. daalacheeni ki chhaal ki seedhe se bhasm ho sakta hai kuchh masaale hai. daalacheeni paaudar lambe samay faarasi bhojan mein ek mahatvapoorn masaale, moti soop, peya aur mithaai ki ek kism mein istemaal kiya gaya hai. yeh aksar gulaab jal ya anya masaalon ke saath mishrit hai ek daalacheeni aadhaarit stews ke liye curry paaudar banaane ya sirf madhur vyavahaar par chhidka (sabse vishesh roop Shole - zard faarasi شaaلaaه زaaرaaد). yeh bhi saanbhar paaudar ya BisiBelebath paaudar Karnataka mein, jo ek ameer khushboo deta hai aur adviteeya svaad mein prayog kiya jaata hai. daalacheeni ek keet se bachaane waali kreem ke roop mein istemaal ke liye prastaavit kiya gaya hai, haalaanki yeh untested bani hui hai. daalacheeni patti ke tel ke liye machhar ke laarva ko maarane mein bahut prabhaavi hona paaya gaya hai. cinnamaldehyde yaugikon, cinnamyl eseetet, eugenol aur anethole hai ki, daalacheeni patti tel mein samaahit kar rahe hain, machharon ka laarva ke khilaaf uchchatam prabhaavasheelata hai paaya gaya.
sandarbh
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vikimeediya kaumans par Cinnamomum verum se sambandhit media hai. |
is lekh ki saamagri sammilit hui hai britainika vishvakosh ekaadashavein sanskaran se, ek prakaashan, jo ki jan saamaanya hetu pradarshit hai..
saamaanya
- Braudel, Fernand (1984). The Perspective of the World, Vol III of Civilization and Capitalism.
- Corn, Charles (1998). The Scents of Eden: A Narrative of the Spice Trade. New York: Kodansha International.
- "Cinnamon Extracts Boost Insulin Sensitivity" (2000). Agricultural Research magazine, July 2000.
- Alan W. Archer (1988). "Determination of cinnamaldehyde, coumarin and cinnamyl alcohol in cinnamon and cassia by high-performance liquid chromatography". Journal of Chromatography 447: 272–276. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(88)90035-0.
- Medicinal Seasonings, The Healing Power Of Spices Book by Dr. Keith Scott*
baahari kadiyaaain
- 10 Health Benefits of Cinnamon
- 15 Health Benefits of Cinnamon
- Harvesting of Cinnamon
- Antifungal Properties of Cinnamon Essential oil
- BBC News - In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life
- American Botanical Council Web site News, studies, and uses for Cinnamon from The American Botanical Council