cricket

cricket

ballebaaj ko geindabaaji karta hua ek geindabaaj. maidaan ke madhya sthit patti cricket pitch hai. pitch ke pratyek kinaare par lakdi ke teen stampon va do gulliyon ke samooh ko viket kaha jaata hai tatha safed rekhaaen kreej kahalaati hain.
sarvochch niyantran nikaaya	antararaashtreeya cricket parishad
upanaam	"The Gentleman's game" "sajjanon ka khel"
sabse pehle khela gaya	16veen shataabdi
visheshataaeain
dal ke sadasya	pratyek dal mein 11 khilaadi sthaanaapann khilaadi keval kshetrarakshan ke liye
mishrit ling	ekal ling khel
vargeekaran	daleeya khel, balle aur geind ka
upakaran	cricket baal, cricket bait, viket: stump, gulli
sthal	cricket maidaan
olanpik	1900

cricket ek balle aur geind ka daleeya khel hai jiski shuruaat dakshini England mein hui thi. iska sabse praacheen nishchit sandarbh 1598 mein milta hai, ab yeh 100 se adhik deshon mein khela jaata hai.^[1]cricket ke kai praaroop hain, iska uchchatam star test cricket hai, jismein vartamaan pramukh raashtreeya teemein India(Bhaarat), Australia, dakshin Africa, inglaind, Sri Lanka, West Indies, nyoojeelaind, Pakistan va Bangladesh hain.^[2]

vareeyata mein test cricket ke baad ek divseeya antarraashtreeya cricket ko gina jaata hai jiska 2011 ka cricket vishwacup Bhaarat ne jeeta tha; is tournament ko 200 se adhik deshon mein television par dikhaaya gaya tha aur anumaanat: 2 billion se adhik darshakon ne dekha tha.^[3][4] ek cricket mukaabale mein 11 khilaadiyon ke do dal hote hain^[5] ise ghaas ke maidaan mein khela jaata hai, jiske kendra mein bhoomi ki ek samatal lambi patti hoti hai jise pitch kehte hain. wicket lakdi se bani hoti hain, jise pitch ke pratyek sire mein lagaaya jaata hai aur usaka prayog ek lakshya ke roop mein kiya jaata hai. geindabaaj kshetrarakshan team ka ek khilaadi hota hai, jo geindabaaji ke liye ek sakht, chamade ki mutthi ke aakaar ki 5.5 auns (160 gra) cricket ki geind ko ek wicket ke paas se doosare wicket ki aur daalata hai, jise vipakshi team ke ek khilaadi ballebaaj ke dvaara bachaaya jaata hai.

aam taur par geind ballebaaj ke paas pahuainchane se pehle ek baar tappa khaati hai. apne wicket ki raksha karne ke liye ballebaaj lakdi ke cricket ke balle se geind ko khelta hai. isi beech geindabaaj ki team ke anya sadasya maidaan mein kshetrarakshak ke roop mein alag-alag sthitiyon mein khade rahate hain, ye khilaadi ballebaaj ko daud banaane se rokane ke liye geind ko pakadne ka prayaas karte hain aur yadi sambhav ho to use out karne ki koshish karte hain. ballebaaj yadi out naheen hota hai to vo wicketon ke beech mein bhaag kar doosare ballebaaj ("gair striker") se apni sthiti ko badal sakta hai, jo pitch ke doosari or khada hota hai. is prakaar ek baar sthiti badal lene se ek run ban jaata hai. yadi ballebaaj geind ko maidaan ki seemaarekha tak hit kar deta hai to bhi run ban jaate hain. score kiye gaye ranon ki sankhya aur out hone vaale khilaadiyon ki sankhya match ke parinaam ko nirdhaarit karne vaale mukhya kaarak hain.

yeh kai baaton par nirbhar karta hai ki cricket ke khel ko khtm hone mein kitna samay lagega. peshevar cricket mein yeh seema har paksh ke liye 20 overon se lekar 5 din khelne tak ki ho sakti hai. khel ki avadhi ke aadhaar par vibhinn niyam hain jo khel mein jeet, haar, anirneet (dra), ya baraabari (taai) ka nirdhaaran karte hain.

cricket mukhyat: ek baahari khel hai aur kuchh mukaabale krutrim prakaash (flad laaits) mein bhi khele jaate hain. udaaharan ke liye, garami ke mausam mein ise sanyukt raajashaahi, Australia, New Zealand aur dakshin Africa mein khela jaata hai jabki vest Indies, Bhaarat, Pakistan, Sri Lanka aur Bangladesh mein jyaadaatar monsoon ke baad sardiyon mein khela jaata hai.

mukhya roop se iska prashaasan dubai mein sthit antarraashtreeya cricket parishad (ICC) ke dvaara kiya jaata hai, jo iske sadasya raashtron ke ghareloo niyantrit nikaayon ke maadhyam se vishv bhar mein khel ka aayojan karti hai. ICC antararaashtreeya star par khele jaane vaale puroosh aur mahila cricket donon ka niyantran karti hai. haalaanki puroosh, mahila cricket naheen khel sakte hain par niyamon ke anusaar mahilaaen purushon ki team mein khel sakti hain.

niyam sanhita ke roop mein hote hain jo, cricket ke kaanoon kahalaate hain^[6] aur inka anurakshan London mein sthit mereelebon cricket club (M si si) ke dvaara kiya jaata hai. ismein I si si aur anya ghareloo bordon ka paraamarsh bhi shaamil hota hai.

ek praaroopik cricket maidaan.

ek cricket mukaabala do dalon (teemon) ya pakshon ke beech khela jaata hai. har team mein gyaarah khilaadi hote hain. iska maidaan kai aakaar aur aakrutiyon ka ho sakta hai. maidaan ghaas ka hota hai aur ise graaundsamain ke dvaara taiyaar kiya jaata hai, jiske kaarya mein urvaran, kataai, roling aur satah ko samatal karna shaamil hota hai. maidaan ka vyaas 140–160 gaj (130–150 mi) saamaanya hota hai. maidaan ki paridhi ko seema kaha jaata hai aur ise kabhi kabhi rang diya jaata hai ya kabhi kabhi ek rassi ke dvaara maidaan ki baahari seema ko chihnit kiya jaata hai. maidaan gol, chaukor ya andaakaar ho sakta hai, cricket ka sabse prasiddh maidaan hai oval. pratyek team ka uddeshya hota hai doosari team se adhik "run" banaana aur doosari team ke sabhi khilaadiyon ko "out karna. "cricket mein khel ko jyaada run bana kar bhi jeeta ja sakta hai, chaahe doosari team ko poori tarah se out na kiya gaya ho. doosare roop mein khel ko jeetne ke liye adhik run banaana aur doosari team ko out karna jaruri hota hai, anyatha mukaabala bina kisi nateeje ke samaapt ho jaata hai. khel shuroo hone se pehle donon teemon ke kaptaan ek sikke ko uchhaal karke nirdhaarit karte hain ki kaun si team pehle ballebaaji ya geindabaaji karegi. toss jeetne wala kaptaan pitch aur mausam ki vartamaan aur pratyaashit sthiti ke anusaar apna faisala leta hai.

mukhya aakarshan maidaan ke vishesh roop se taiyaar kiye gaye kshetr mein hota hai (aamtaur par kendra mein) jo "pitch" kahalaata hai. pitch ke donon aur 22 gaj (20 mi) wicket" lagaae jaate hain. ye "geindabaaji urf "kshetrarakshan "paksh ke liye lakshya hote hain aur ballebaaji" paksh ke dvaara inka bachaav kiya jaata hai jo run banaane ki koshish mein hote hain. moolat: ek run tab banta hai jab ek ballebaaj geind ko apne balle se maarane ke baad pitch ke beech bhaagata hai, haalaaainki neeche bataaye gaye vivran ke anusaar run banaane ke kai aur tareeke hain.^[7]yadi ballebaaj aur run banaane ka prayaas naheen karta hai to geind "ded" ho jaati hai aur geindabaaj ke paas vaapis geindabaaji ke liye aa jaati hai.^[8] geindabaaji paksh vibhinn tareekon se ballebaajon ko out karne ki koshish karta hai^[9] jab tak ballebaaji paksh "aal out " na ho jaae. iske baad geindabaaji wala paksh ballebaaji karta hai aur ballebaaji wala paksh geindabaaji ke liye "maidaan" mein aa jaata hai.^[10]peshevar maichon mein, khel ke dauraan maidaan par 15 log hote hain. inmein se do anpaayar hote hain jo maidaan mein hone waali gatividhiyon ko niyantrit karte hain. do ballebaaj hote hain, unamein se ek 'striker " hota hai jo geind ka saamana karta hai aur aur doosra " naun striker "kaha jaata hai. ballebaajon ki bhoomika run banane ke saath aur "over poore hone ke saath badalti rahati hai. kshetrarakshan team ke sabhi 11 khilaadi ek saath maidaan par hote hain. unamein se ek geindabaaj hota hai, doosra "wicket-keeper aur anya nau kshetrarakshak" kahalaate hain. wicket-keeper (ya keepar) hamesha ek visheshagya hota hai lekin geindabaaji ke liye kisi bhi kshetrarakshak ko bulaaya ja sakta hai.

pitch, wicket aur kreej

pitch (pitch) wicketon ke beech ki lambaai^[11] hoti hai aur chaudi hoti hai. yeh ek samatal satah hai, is par bahut hi kam ghaas hoti hai jo khel ke saath kam ho sakti hai. pitch ki "haalat" match aur team ki rananeeti par prabhaav daalati hai, pitch ki vartamaan aur pratyaashit sthiti team ki rananeeti ko nirdhaarit karti hai.

cricket pitch ke aayaam

pratyek wicket (wicket) mein teen lakdi ke stump (stumps) hote hain jinhein ek seedhi rekha mein rakha jaata hai inke oopar do lakadi ke bels (bails) rakhe jaate hain; bels sahit wicket ki kul oonchaai hai aur teenon staampon ki kul chaudaai hai .

chaar laainein, jinhein crease ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, pitch par wicket ke chaaron aur peint ki jaati hain, ye ballebaaj ke "surakshit kshetr" aur geindabaaj ki seema ko nirdhaarit karti hain. ye "popping" (ya ballebaaji) crease ya baaling crease ya do "return" crease kahalaati hain.

stump ko geindabaaji crease ki line mein rakha jaata hai aur inhein ek doosare se thodi doori par rakha jaata hai. beech waali stump ko bilkul kendra par geindabaaji crease ki lambaai mein rakha jaata hai popping crease ki lambaai samaan hoti hai, yeh geindabaaji ki crease ke samaantar hoti hai aur wicket ke saamane hoti hai. return crease baaki donon ke lambavat hoti hai; ye donon popping crease ke ant se judi hoti hain aur inhein geindabaaji ki crease ke ant tak kam se kam iski lambaai mein chitrit kiya jaata hai.

geindabaaji karte samay geindabaaj ka pichhla pair usaki "delivery straaid" mein do return kreejon ke beech mein hona chaahiye, jabki usaka agala pair popping crease ke oopar ya uske peechhe padhna chaahiye. agar geindabaaj is niyam ko todta hai, to anpaayar " no baal" ghoshit kar deta hai.

ballebaaj ke liye popping crease ka mahattv yeh hai ki yeh uske surakshit kshetr ki seema ko nirdhaarit karta hai jab vah "apne is kshetr se baahar" hota hai to usaka wicket ukhaad diye jaane par vah stump ya run out ho sakta hai (neeche Dismissals dekhein)|

pitch ki sthirta bhinn ho sakti hai jiske kaaran geindabaaj ko milne wala uchhaal, spin aur gati alag alag ho sakti hai. sakht pitch par ballebaaji karna aasaan hota hai, kyon ki is par uchhaal ooaincha lekin samaan hota hai. sookhi pitch ballebaaji ke liye kharaab maani jaati hai kyon ki is par daraarein aa jaati hain aur jab aisa hota hai to spinner ek aham bhoomika ada kar sakta hai. nam pitch ya ghaas se dhaki pitchein (jo "hari" pitchein kahalaati hain) achhe tej geindabaaj ko atirikt uchhaal dene mein madad karti hai. is tarah ki pitch poore mech ke dauraan tej geindabaaj ki madad karti hai lekin jaise jaise mech aage badhta hai ye ballebaaji ke liye aur bhi behtar hoti jaati hai.

balla aur geind

is khel ka saar hai ki ek geindabaaj apni or ki pitch se ballebaaj ki taraf geind daalata hai jo doosare ant par balla lekar use "strike" karne ke liye taiyaar rahata hai.

balla (bat) lakdi se bana hota hai iska aakar blade ke jaisa hota hai aur sheersh par belanaakaar heindal hota hai. blade ki chaudaai se adhik naheen honi chaahiye aur balle ki kul lambaai se adhik naheen honi chaahiye

geind (ball) ek sakht chamade ka gola hoti hai jiski paridhi geind ki kathorata jise se adhik gati se feinka ja sakta hai, vo ek vichaaraneeya mudda hai aur ballebaaj surakshaatmak kapde pahanata hai jismein shaamil hai ped (pads) (jo ghutanon aur paaainv ke aage vaale bhaag ki raksha ke liye pahane jaate hain), ballebaaji ke dastaane (batting gloves) haathon ke liye, helamet (helmet) sar ke liye aur ek box (box) jo pataloon ke andar pahana jaata hai aur kroch (crotch) kshetr ko surakshit karta hai. kuchh ballebaaj apni shart aur pataloon ke andar atirikt peding pahanate hain jaise thai ped, aarm ped, rib sanrakshak aur kandhe ke pad

anpaayar aur scorer

maidaan par khel ko do anpaayar (umpires) niyantrit karte hain, unamein se ek wicket ke peechhe geindabaaj ki taraf khada rahata hai aur doosra "skveyar leg" ki sthiti mein jo straaiking ballebaaj se kuchh gaj peechhe hota hai. jab geindabaaj geind daalata hai to wicket wala Umpire geindabaaj aur naun striker ke beech rahata hai. yadi khel ki sthiti par kuchh sandeh hota hai to Umpire paraamarsh karta hai aur yadi aavashyak hota hai to vo khilaadiyon ko feeld se bahaar le jaakar match ko sthagit kar sakta hai, jaise baarish hone par ya roshani kam hone par|

maidaan se bahaar aur ti vi par prasaarit hone vaale maichon mein aksar ek teesara anpaayar (third umpire) hota hai jo vidiyo saakshya ki sahaayata se vishesh sthitiyon mein faisala le sakta hai. test maichon aur do ICC ke poorn sadasyon ke beech khele jaane vaale seemit overon ke antararaashtreeya khel mein teesara anpaayar jaruri hota hai. in maichon mein ek match referee (match referee) bhi hota hai jiska kaam hai yeh sunishchit karna hota hai ki khel cricket ke niyamon (Laws of cricket) ke tahat khel ki bhaavana se khela jaaye|

maidaan ke baahar do adhikaarik scorer (scorer) ranon aur out hone vaale khilaadiyon ka record rakhate hain, pratyek adhikaari ek team se hota hai. scorer anpaayar ke haath ke sanketon dvaara nirdeshit hote hain. udaaharan ke liye, anpaayar ek tarjani anguli utha kar bataata hai ki ballebaaj out ho gaya hai; aur yadi ballebaaj ne chh: run banaae hain to vo donon haathon ko oopar uthaata hai. scorer cricket ke niyamon ke anusaar sabhi ranon, wicketon aur overon ka record rakhate hain. vyavahaar mein, ve atirikt deta bhi sanchit karte hain jaise geindabaaji vishleshan aur run ki darein|

paariyaan

paari (hamesha bahuvachan roop mein prayukt hoti hai) ballebaaji paksh ke saamoohik pradarshan ke liye ek shabd hai. ^[12] siddhaant ke taur mein, ballebaaji paksh ke sabhi gyaarah sadasya baari baari se ballebaaji karte hain, lekin kai kaaranon se "paari" isse pehle bhi khtm ho sakti hai (neeche dekhein)|

khele ja rahe match ke prakaar ke anusaar har team ki ek ya do pariyaan hoti hain. "paari" shabd ka upayog kabhi kabhi ek ballebaaj ke vyaktigat yogadaan ko bataane ke liye bhi kiya jaata hai. ("jaise usane ek achhi paari kheli" aadi)

geindabaaj ka mukhya uddeshya kshetrarakshakon ki sahaayata se ballebaaj ko out karna hota hai. ek ballebaaj jab barkhaast kar diya jaata hai tab kaha jaata hai ki vah "out" ho gaya hai arthaat use maidaan chhod kar jaana hoga aur usaki team ka agala ballebaaj ab ballebaaji karne aaega| jab das ballebaaj barkhaast (arthaat out) ho jaate hain to poori team barkhaast ho jaati hai aur paari samaapt ho jaati hai. antim ballebaaj, jo out naheen hua hai, vah ab ballebaaji naheen kar sakta kyonki hamesha do ballebaajon ko ek saath maidaan mein rahana hota hai. yeh ballebaaj "not out" kahalaata hai.

yadi das ballebaajon ke out hone se pehle hi ek paari samaapt ho jaae to do ballebaaj "not out" kahalaate hain. ek paari teen kaaranon se jaldi khtm ho sakti hai: yadi ballebaaji paksh ka kaptaan ghoshit kar de ki pari samaapt ho gayi hai (jo ek saamarik nirnaya hota hai), ya ballebaaji paksh ne apna lakshya praapt kar liya ho aur khel ko jeet liya ho, ya khel khraab mausam ya samay khtm ho jaane ke kaaran samaapt kar diya jaaye| seemit overon ke cricket mein, jab antim over kiya ja raha ho tab bhi do ballebaaj bache ho sakte hain.

over

over ya shatak 6 geindon ka samuchchaya ya samooh hota hai. yeh shabd is tarah se aaya hai kyonki anpaayar kehta hai "over" yaani poora. jab 6 geindein daali ja chuki hoti hain, tab doosra geindabaaj doosare chhor par aa jaata hai aur kshetrarakshak bhi apna sthaan badal lete hain. ek geindabaaj lagaataar do over naheen daal sakta hai, haalaanki ek geindabaaj chhor ko bina badle usi chhor se kai over daal sakta hai. ballebaaj side ya chhor ko badal naheen sakte hain, isliye jo naun striker tha vah striker ban jaata hai aur striker ab naun striker ban jaata hai. anpaayar bhi apni sthiti ko badalate hain taaki jo anpaayar skveyar leg ki sthiti mein tha vah wicket ke peechhe chala jaata hai aur iska vipreet bhi hota hai.

team sanrachana

ek team mein 11 khilaadi hote hain. praathamik kushalata ke aadhaar par ek khilaadi ko ballebaaj ya geindabaaj ke roop mein vargeekrut kiya ja sakta hai. ek achhi tarah se santulit team mein aamtaur par paaainch ya chhah visheshagya ballebaaj aur chaar ya paaainch visheshagya geindabaaj hote hain. team mein hamesha ek visheshagya wicket rakshak hota hai kyonki yeh kshetrarakshan sthiti bahut hi mahatvapoorn hoti hai. pratyek team ka netrutv kaptaan karta hai jo saamarik nirnaya lene ke liye jimmedaar hota hai, jaise ballebaaji kram ka nirdhaaran karna, kshetrarakshakon ke sthaan nirdhaarit karna aur geindabaajon ki baari tay karna. ek khilaadi jo ballebaaji aur geindabaaji donon ka visheshagya hota hai harfanmaula kahalaata hai. jo ballebaaj aur wicket keepar donon ka kaam karta hai vah "wicket keepar/ballebaaj" kahalaata hai, kabhi kabhi use harfanmaula bhi kaha jaata hai, vaastav mein harfanmaula khilaadi kam hi dekhne ko milte hain kyonki adhikaansh khilaadi ballebaaji ya geindabaaji mein se kisi ek par hi dhyaan keindrit karte hain.

kshetrarakshan

cricket mein kshetrarakshan ki sthiti (Fielding positions in cricket) ek daayein haath ke ballebaaj (batsman)

ke liye.

kshetrarakshan ke paksh ke sabhi gyaarah khilaadi maidaan mein ek saath rahate hain. unamein se ek wicket keepar (wicket-keeper)urf"keepar" hota hai jo striker ballebaaj ke dvaara bachaae jaane vaale wicket ke peechhe khada rahata hai. wicket keeping saamaanyat: ek visheshagya hi kar sakta hai, usaka mukhya kam un geindon ko pakadna hota hai jo ballebaaj hit naheen karta hai. jisse ki ballebaaj baai ke run na le sake. vah vishesh dastaane pahanata hain, (kshetr rakshakon mein keval usi ko aisa karne ki anumati hoti hai) saath hi apne neechale taangon ko kavar karne ke liye pad bhi pahanata hai. chooainki vah seedhe striker ke peechhe khada rahata hai, at: uske paas is baat ki bahut adhik sambhaavana hoti hai ki vo ballebaaj ke balle ke kinaare se chhoo kar niklati hui baul ko catch karke ballebaaj ko out kar sake. keval vahi ek aisa khilaadi hai jo ballebaaj ko stampad (stumped) out kar sakta hai.

vartamaan geindabaaj ke alaava shesh 9 kshetr rakshak kaptaan ke dvaara maidaan mein chune hue sthaanon (chosen positions) par tainaat rahate hain.

ye sthaan tay naheen hote hain lekin ye vishesh aur kabhi kabhi achhe naamon se jaane jaate hain jaise "slip", "thard main", "sili mid on" aur "laaaing leg"| hamesha kuchh asurakshit kshetr rahate hain.

kaptaan kshetrarakshan paksh ka sabse mahatvapoorn sadasya hota hai kyonki vah sabhi rananeetiyaan nirdhaarit karta hai, jaise kise geindabaaji karni chaahiye (aur kaise); aur vah "kshetr ki seting" ke liye bhi jimmedaar hota hai.

cricket ke sabhi roopon mein, yadi ek match ke dauraan ek kshetrarakshak ghaayal ya beemaar ho jaata hai to uske sthaan par kisi aur ko pratisthaapit (substitute) kiya ja sakta hai. pratisthaapit khilaadi geindabaaji, kaptaani ya wicket keeping naheen kar sakta h| yadi ghaayal khilaadi theek hokar vaapas maidaan mein aa jaae to atirikt khilaadi ko maidaan chhodna hota hai.

geindabaaji

geindabaaj aksar daud kar geind daalne ke liye aate hain, haalaaainki kuchh geindabaaj ek ya do kadam hi daud kar aate hain aur geind daal dete hain. ek tej geindabaaj ko sanveg ki jarurat hoti hai jiske kaaran vah teji se aur doori se daud kar aata hai.

ek aadarsh geindabaaji action

tej geindabaaj bahut teji se geind ko daal sakta hai aur kabhi kabhi vah ballebaaj ko out karne ke liye bahut hi tej gati ki geind daalata hai jisse ballebaaj par teevrata se pratikriya karne ka dabaav ban jaata hai. anya tej geindabaaj gati ke saath saath kismat par bhi bharosa karte hain. kai tej geindabaaj geind ko is tarah se daalte hain ki vah hava mein "jhoolati hui" ya "ghoomti hui" aati hai.

is prakaar ki delivery ballebaaj ko dhokha de sakti hai jiske kaaran uske shot khelne ki timing glat ho jaati hain, jisse geind balle ke baahari kinaare ko chhooti hui niklati hai aur use wicket keepar ya slip kshetr rakshak ke dvaara kech kiya ja sakta hai.

geindabaajon mein ek anya prakaar hai "spinner" jo dheemi gati se spin karti hui geind daalata hai aur ballebaaj ko dhokha dene ki koshish karta hai. ek spinner aksar “aviket lene ke liye” geind ko thoda oopar se daalata hai aur ballebaaj ko glat shot khelne ke liye ukasaata hai. ballebaaj ko is tarah ki geindon se bahut adhik saavdhaan rahana hota hai kyonki yeh geind aksar bahut ooainchi aur ghoornan karti hui aati hai aur vo us tarah se vyavaahar naheen karti hai jaisa ki ballebaaj ne socha hota hai aur vo out ho sakta hai.

tej geindabaaj aur spinner ke madhya hote hain "madhyamagati ke geindabaaj" jo apni sateek geindabaaji se ranon ki gati ko kam karne par bharosa karte hain aur ballebaajon ka dhyaan bhang karte hain.

sabhi geindabaajon ko unki gati aur shaili ke anusaar vargeekrut kiya jaata hai. jyaada cricket shabdaavali ke anusaar vargeekaran (classifications) bahut bhramit kar sakte hain. is prakaar se ek geindabaaj ko L ef mein vargeekrut kiya ja sakta hai jiska arth hai baaen haath ka tej geindabaaj ya L bi ji mein vargeekrut kiya ja sakta hai jiska arth hai daayein haath ka spin geindabaaj jo "leg break" ya "googali" daal sakta hai.

geindabaaji ke dauraan kohani ko kisi bhi kon par rakha ja sakta hai ya moda ja sakta hai lekin is dauraan use seedha naheen kiya ja sakta hai. yadi kohani avaidh roop se seedhi ho jaati hai to skver leg Umpire ise no baul (no-ball) ghoshit kar sakta hai. vartamaan niyamon ke anusaar ek geindabaaj apni bhuja ko 15 degree ya usase kam tak seedha kar sakta hai.

ballebaaji

ballebaaji karte huye sachin Tendulkar.

dabloo ji gres (W G Grace)1883 mein "guard lete hue".unka ped aur balla aajkal prayukt hone vaale balle aur ped ke kaafi samaan hain. dastaanon ko kuchh viksit kiya gaya hai. adhikaansh aadhunik khilaadi gres ko upalabdh upakaranon ki tulana mein adhik surakshaatmak upakaranon ka upayog karte hain. jaise helamet aur bhuja guard.

kisi bhi ek samay par, maidaan mein do ballebaaj hote hain. ek striker chhor par rah kar wicket ki raksha karta hai aur sambhav ho to run banaata hai. usaka saathi, jo naun striker hota hai vo us chhor par hota hai jahaaain se geindabaaji ki jaati hai.

ballebaaj ballebaaji kram (batting order) mein aate hain, yeh kram kaptaan ke dvaara nirdhaarit kiya jaata hai, pehle do ballebaaj "opener" kahalaate hain. unhein saamaanyat: sabse khatarnaak geindabaaji ka saamana karna padta hai, kyonki us samay tej geindabaaj nai geind ka upayog karte hain. sheersh ballebaaji ke liye aam taur par team mein sabse adhik saksham ballebaaj ko bheja jaata hai aur gair ballebaajon ko ant mein bheja jaata hai. pehle se nirdhaarit kiya gaya ballebaaji kram anivaarya naheen hai aur jab bhi ek wicket gir jaata hai to koi bhi khilaadi jisne ballebaaji naheen ki hai use bheja ja sakta hai.

agar ek ballebaaj maidaan chhod ke jaata hai (aam taur par chot ke kaaran) aur vaapas naheen laut pata hai to vah vaastav mein "not out" hota hai aur usaka bahaar jaana out naheen maana jaata hai, parantu use barkhaast kar diya jaata hai kyonki usaki paari samaapt ho chuki hoti hai. pratisthaapit ballebaaj ko anumati naheen hoti hai.

ek kushal ballebaaj surakshaatmak aur aakraamak donon roopon mein kai prakaar ke "shot" ya 'stroke' laga sakta hai. mukhya kaam hai geind ko balle ki samatal satah se hit karna. yadi geind balle ke kinaare ko chhooti hai to yeh "baahari kinaara" kahalaata hai. ballebaaj hamesha hi geind ko jor se hit karne ki koshish naheen karta hai, ek achha khilaadi ek halke chatur stroke se ya keval apni kalaai ko halke se ghuma kar run bana sakta hai. lekin vah geind ko kshetrarakshakon se door hit karta hai taaki use run banaane ka samay mil sake.

cricket mein kai prakaar ke shot khele jaate hain. ballebaaj ke dvaara lagaaye gaye stroke ko geind ke swing ya usaki disha ke anusaar kai naam diye ja sakte hain jaise "kat (cut)” "drive","huk" ya "pul".

dhyaan dein ki ballebaaj ko har shot ko naheen khelna hota hai, yadi use lagta hai ki geind wicket se naheen takaraaegi to vah geind ko wicket keepar tak jaane ke liye "chhod" sakta hai. iske saath hi, vah jab apne balle se geind ko hit karta hai to use run lene ka prayaas naheen karna hota hai. vah jaanboojhkar apne pair ka prayog karke geind ko rok sakta hai aur use apni taang se door kar sakta hai lekin yeh L bi dabalyoo niyam ke anusaar jokhim bhara ho sakta hai.

yadi ek ghaayal ballebaaj ballebaaji karne ke liye fit ho jaata hai lekin bhaag naheen sakta ho to anpaayar aur kshetrarakshan team ka kaptaan ballebaaji paksh ke ek anya sadasya ko dodne (runner) ki anumati de sakta hai. yadi sambhav ho to, is dhaavak ko apne saath balla rakhana hota hai. is dhaavak ka ek maatr kaam hota hai ghaayal ballebaaj ke sthaan par dodna.is dhaavak ko vo sabhi upakaran pahanane aur uthaane hote hain jo ek ballebaaj ne pahane hain. donon ballebaajon ke liye dhaavak rakhana sambhav hai.

run

vah disha jismein daayein haath ka ballebaaj, bhinn cricket shot khelte samay geind ko bhejata hai. ek baaeain haath ke ballebaaj ka chitr iska darpan pratibimb hota hai.

striker ballebaaj ki praathamikta hoti hai geind ko wicket par takaraane se rokana. aur doosari praathamikta hoti hai balle se geind ko hit kar ke run (runs) banaana taaki isse pehle ki kshetrarakshan paksh ki or se geind vaapas aae, use aur uske sahayogi ko run banaane ka samay mil jaae. ek run rajistar karne ke liye, donon dhaavakon ko apne balle se ya shareer ke kisi bhaag se crease ke peechhe ki bhoomi ko chhuna hota hai. (ballebaaj dodte samay balla liye hote hain) pratyek run score mein jud jaata hai.

ek hi hit par ek se adhik run banaaye ja sakte hain, ek hit mein ek se teen run aam hain, maidaan ka aakaar is prakaar ka hota hai ki saamaanyat: chaar ya adhik run banaana kathin hota hai. iski kshatipoorti karne ke liye, yadi geind maidaan ki seema ki bhoomi ko chhooti hai to ise chaar run gina jaata hai. aur yadi geind seema ko hava mein paar karke nikal jaati hai to ise chh: run gina jaata hai. yadi geind seema paar chali jaati hai to ballebaaj ko bhaagane ki jarurat naheen hoti hai.

paaainch run bahut hi asaamaanya hain aur aamtaur par yeh kshetr rakshak ke dvaara vaapas feinki gayi geind, "over throw" par nirbhar karta hai. yadi striker visham sankhya mein run banaata hai to ballebaajon ka sthaan aapas mein badal jaata hai aur naun striker ab striker ban jaata hai. keval striker hi vyaktigat roop se run banta hai lekin sabhi run team ke kul score mein jode jaate hain.

run lene ka faisala ballebaaj, jisko geind ki disha aur gati ka gyaan hota hai, uske dvaara kiya jaata hai aur isko vah "haaain", "na" ya "ruko" kahake bataata hai.

run lene mein bahut jokhim hota hai kyonki yadi ek kshetr rakshak wicket ko gira deta hai, jab najadeeki ballebaaj apni crease se baahar hota hai to (yaani uske shareer ka koi bhaag ya balla popping crease ke sampark mein naheen hai) ballebaaj run out (run out) kahalaata hai.

ek team ke score ko uske dvaara banaaye gaye ranon ki sankhya aur out hue ballebaajo ki sankhya se pradarshit kiya jaata hai. udaaharan ke liye, yadi paaainch ballebaaj out ho gaye hain aur team ne 224 run banaaye hain to kaha jaata hai ki unhonne 5 wicket ki haani par 224 run banaaye hain (ise saadhaaranat: 224 par 5 aur 224/5 ke roop mein likha jaata hai, Australia mein, 5 par 224 aur 5/224).

atirikt

kshetrarakshan paksh ki aur se ki gayi trutiyon ke kaaran ballebaaji paksh ko jo run praapt hote hain ve atirikt (extras) kahalaate hain. (Australia mein "sanadrij" kahalaate hain). yeh chaar prakaar se praapt kiye ja sakte hain:

1. no baul ek aisi atirikt baul hoti hai jo geindabaaj ke dvaara kisi niyam ka ullanghan karne par dand ke roop mein daali jaati hai; (a) anupayukt bhuja action ke kaaran; (b) popping krij par over stepping ke kaaran; (s) yadi usaka pair return krij ke baahar ho; is ke liye geindabaaj ko fir se geind daalani hoti hai. vartamaan niyamon ke anusaar khel ke twenty 20 (Twenty20) aur O di I (ODI) praaroopon mein fir se daali gayi geind free hit hoti hai, arthaat is geind par ballebaaj run out ke alaava kisi aur prakaar se out naheen ho sakta hai.

wide – dand ke roop mein di gayi ek atirikt geind hoti hai jo tab di jaati hai jab geindabaaj aisi geind daalata hai jo ballebaaj ki pahuainch se baahar ho.

1. baai ballebaaj ko milne wala atirikt run hai jab ballebaaj geind ko miss kar deta hai aur yeh peechhe wicket keepar ke paas se hokar nikal jaati hai jisse ballebaaj ko paramparaagat tareeke se run lene ka samay mil jaata hai (dhyaan dein ki ek achhe wicket keepar ki nishaani hai ki vah kam se kam baaij de.
2. leg baai – atirikt diya jaane wala run, jab geind ballebaaj ke shareer ko hit karti hai lekin balle ko naheen aur yeh kshetrarakshakon se door jaakar ballebaaj ko paramparaagat tareeke se run lene ka samay bhi deti hai.

jab koi geindabaaj ek wide ya no baul daalata hai, to usaki team ko dand bhugatna padta hai kyonki unhein ek atirikt geind daalani padti hai jisse ballebaaji paksh ko atirikt run banane ka mauka mil jaata hai. ballebaaj ko bhaag kar run lena hi hota hai taaki vah baaij aur leg baaij ka daava kar sake. (sivaaya iske jab geind chaar run ke liye seema paar chali jaati hai) lekin ye run keval team ke kul score mein judte hain, striker ke vyaktigat score mein naheen.

viket patan

ek ballebaaj das tareeke se out ho sakta hai aur kuchh tareeke itne asaamaanya hain ki khel ke poore itihaas mein iske bahut kam udaaharan milte hain. out hone ke sabse saamaanya prakaar hain "bold", "kech", "L bi dabalyoo", "run out", "stanpad" aur "hit wicket".asaamaanya tareeke hain "geind ka do baar hit karna", "maidaan ko baadhit karna", "geind ko heindal karna" aur "samay samaapt".

isse pehle ki anpaayar ballebaaj ke out hone ki ghoshana karein saamaanyat: kshetrarakshan paksh ka koi sadasya (aamtaur par geindabaaj) "appeal" karta hai. yeh "haauj det?" bol kar ya chilla kar kiya jaata hai. iska matlab hai "how is det?" yadi anpaayar appeal se sahamat hain, to vah tarjani anguli utha kar kehta hai "out!"anyatha vah sir hila kar kehta hai "not out".appeal us samay tej aavaaj mein ki jaati hai jab out hone ki paristhiti spasht na ho. yeh L bi dabalyoo ki sthiti mein hamesha hota hai aur aksar run out aur stump ki sthiti mein hota hai.

1. bold (Bowled); yadi geindabaaj geind se wicket par hit karta hai jisse ki kam se kam ek wicket gir jaae aur bail apne sthaan se hat jaae (dhyaan dein ki yadi geind wicket par lagti hai par bail apne sthaan se naheen hatati hai to vo not out hota hai)^[13]
2. kech (Caught);yadi ballebaaj ne balle se ya haath se geind ko hit kiya aur ise kshetr rakshan team ke kisi sadasya ne kech kar liya ho. ^[14]
3. leg bifor wicket (Leg before wicket)(L bi dablyoo); yeh jatil hai lekin iska mool arth yeh hota hai ki yadi geind ne pehle ballebaaj ki taang ko na chhuaa hota to vo out ho jaata^[15]
4. run out (Run out) – kshetrarakshan paksh ke ek sadasya ne geind se wicket ko tod diya ya gira diya jab ballebaaj apni kreej par naheen tha; yeh saamaanyat: tab hota hai jab ballebaaj run lene ki koshish kar raha hota hai aur sateek throw ke dvaara geind se wicket tod diya jaata hai.^[16]
5. stanpad (Stumped)– yeh usi ke samaan hai hai lekin ismein wicket ko wicket keepar todta hai jab ballebaaj geind ko miss kar ke run lene ke liye apni kreej se baahar chala jaata hai; keepar ko geind ko haath mein lekar wicket ko todna hota hai. (yadi keepar geind ko wicket par feinkata hai to yeh run out hota hai)^[17]
6. hit wicket (Hit wicket); ballebaaj hit wicket se out ho jaata hai jab ballebaaj geind ko hit karte samay ya run lene ki koshish karte samay apne balle, kapde, ya kisi anya upakaran se ek ya donon belon ko gira deta hai.^[18]
7. do baar geind ko maarana (Hit the ball twice)–yeh bahut hi asaamaanya hai aur yeh khel ke jokhim ko dhyaan mein rakhate hue aur kshetrarakshakon ki suraksha ke liye shuroo kiya gaya hai. ballebaaj kaanooni roop se ek baar geind ko khel lene ke baad sirf ise wicket par takaraane se rokane ke liye dubaara hit kar sakta hai.^[19]
8. kshetr baadhit (Obstructed the field) ; ek aur asaamaanya barkhaastagi jismein ek ballebaaj jaanboojhkar ek kshetrarakshak ke raaste mein aa jaae.^[20]
9. geind ko pakadna (Handled the ball); ek ballebaaj jaanboojhkar apne wicket ko surakshit karne ke liye haath ka prayog naheen kar sakta hai. (dhyaan dein ki aksar geind ballebaaj ke haath ko chhooti hai lekin yadi yeh jaan boojh kar naheen kiya gaya hai to not out hota hai; haalaaainki vah ise apne haath mein pakad sakta hai)^[21]
10. time out (Timed out); yadi ek ballebaaj ke out ho jaane ke do minute ke andar agala ballebaaj maidaan par na aae^[22]

adhikaansh maamalon mein striker hi out hota hai. yadi gair striker out hai to vah run out hota hai, lekin vah maidaan ko baadhit kar ke, baul ko pakad kar ya samay samaapt hone par bhi out ho sakta hai.

ek ballebaaj bina out hue bhi maidaan ko chhod sakta hai. agar use chot lag jaae ya vah ghaayal ho jaae to vah asthaayi roop se ja sakta hai, use agale ballebaaj ke dvaara pratisthaapit kar diya jaata hai. ise retired hurt (retired hurt) ya retired beemaar (retired ill)ke roop mein darj kiya jaata hai. retired ballebaaj not out hota hai aur baad mein fir se aa sakta hai. ek achhoota ballebaaj, retire ho sakta hai use retire out (retired out)kaha jaata hai; jiska shreya kisi bhi khilaadi ko naheen jaata hai. ballebaaj no baul par bold, kech, leg bifor wicket , stanpdya hit wicket out naheen ho sakta hai. vo wide baulpar bold, kech, leg bifor wicket , ya baul ko do baar hit karne par out ho sakta hai. inmein se kuchh prakaar ke out geindabaaj ke dvaara bina geind daale hi ho sakte hain. naun-striker ballebaaj bhi run out (run out by the bowler) ho sakta hai yadi vah geindabaaj ke dvaara geind daalne se pehle crease ko chhod de aur ek ballebaaj kshetrarakshan baadhit karne par ya retire out hone par kisi bhi samay out ho sakta hai. samay samaapt , bina delivery ke hone waali barkhaastagi hai. out hone ke kisi bhi tareeke mein, keval ek hi ballebaaj ek geind par out ho sakta hai.

paari samaapt

ek paari samaapt hoti hai jab:

1. gyaarah mein se 10 ballebaaj out ho jaate hain; is sthiti mein team "aal out" kahalaati hai.
2. yadi team mein keval ek hi aisa ballebaaj bacha hai jo ballebaaji kar sakta hai, baaki bache hue ek ya adhik khilaadi chot, beemaari ya anupasthiti ke kaaran upalabdh naheen hain to bhi team "all out" kahalaati hai.
3. ballebaaji karne waali team ko ant mein us score tak pahunchana hota hai jo match ko jeetne ke liye jaruri hai.
4. over ki poorv nirdhaarit sankhya mein hi geindein daali jaati hain, (ek divseeya match mein saamaanyat: 50 over aur twenty 20 mein saamaanyat:20 over)

ek kaptaan apni team ki paari ko samaapt ghoshit (declares) kar sakta hai jab uske kam se kam do ballebaaj not out hon, (yeh ek divseeya ke match mein laagu naheen hota hai.)

parinaam

yadi baad mein khelne waali team doosare paksh se kam run bana kar out ho jaati hai to kaha jaata hai ki team nranon se haar gayi hai. (jahaan n donon teemon ke dvaara banaaye gaye ranon ki sankhya ka antar hai.) yadi baad mein khelne waali team jeetne ke liye paryaapt run bana leti hai to kaha jaata hai ki vah nwicketon se jeet gayi. jahaan nbache hue wicketon ki sankhya hai. udahaaran ke liye yadi koi team keval 6 wicket kho kar virodhi team ke score ko paar kar leti hai to kaha jaata hai ki vah "chaar wicket se match jeet gayi hai"

do paari ke match mein ek team ka pehli aur doosari paari ka kul score dusare paksh ki pehli pari ke kul score se bhi kam ho sakta hai. tab kaha jaata hai ki team ek paari aur n ranonse jeet gayi hai aur use fir se ballebaaji karne ki koi jarurat naheen hai: n donon teemon kul score ke beech ka antar hai.

yadi ant mein ballebaaji karne waali team all out ho jaati hai aur donon saaidon ne samaan run banaaye hain, to match taai (tie) ho jaata hai; yeh nateeja kaafi durlabh hota hai. khel ke paramparaagat svaroop mein, kisi bhi paksh ke jeetne se pehle yadi samay khtm ho jaata hai to khel ko dra (draw) ghoshit kar diya jaata hai.

agar match mein har paksh ke liye keval ek paari hai to har paari ke liye ki adhiktam geindon ki sankhya aksar nishchit kar di jaati hai. is tarah ke match "seemit overon ke match" ya "ek divseeya match" kahalaate hain aur wicketon ki sankhya ko dhyaan mein na rakhate hue adhik run banaane waali team jeet jaati hai. jisse dra naheen ho sakta hai. yadi is prakaar ka match asthaayi roop se khraab mausam ke kaaran baadhit ho jaata hai to ek jatil ganiteeya sootr jo Duckworth -luis paddhati kahalaati hai uske madhyam se ek naya lakshya score fir se aakalit kiya jaata hai. ek divseeya match ko bhi "parinaam rahit " ghoshit kiya ja sakta hai yadi kisi ek team ke dvaara poorv nirdhaarit over daale ja chuke hain aur kisi paristhiti jaise geele mausam ke kaaran aage khel ko naheen khela ja sakta hai.

vyaapak arthon mein cricket ek bahu aayaami khel hai, ise khel ke paimaanon ke aadhaar par major cricket (major cricket) aur maainar cricket mein vibhaajit kiya ja sakta hai. ek aur adhik uchit vibhaajan, vishesh roop se major cricket ke shabdon mein, maichon ke beech kiya jaata hai, jismein kul do paariyaan hoti hain, pratyek team ko ek paari khelani hoti hai. ise poorv mein pratham shreni cricket (first-class cricket) ke roop mein jaana jaata tha, iski avadhi teen se paaainch din hoti hai, (aise maichon ke udaaharan bhi milte hain jinmein samay ki koi seema naheen rahi hai); baad mein inhein seemit overon ke cricket (limited overs cricket) ke roop mein jaana jaane laga kyonki pratyek team praaroopik roop se seemit 50 over mein geindein daalati hai, iski poorv nirdhaarit avadhi keval 1 din hoti hai. (ek mech ki avadhi ko khraab mausam jaise kisi kaaran se bhi badhaaya ja sakta hai.)

aamtaur par, do paari ke match mein prati din kam se kam 6 ghante khelne ke samay (playing time) ke roop mein diye jaate hain. seemit overon ke match aksar 6 ghante ya adhik mein samaapt ho jaate hain. peya ke liye sankshipt anaupachaarik antaraal ke aalaava aam taur par bhojan aur chai ke liye aupachaarik antaraal hote hain. paariyon ke beech ek chhota antaraal bhi hota hai. aitihaasik roop se, cricket ka ek roop jo singal wicket (single wicket) ke naam se jaana jaata tha, behad safal raha tha aur 18 veen aur 19 veen sadi mein in spardhaaon mein se adhikaansh ko mukhya cricket ka darja diya gaya tha. is roop mein, haalaanki pratyek team mein 1 se 6 khilaadi hote the aur ek samay mein keval ek ballebaaj hota tha, use apni paari ki samaapti tak har geind ka saamana karna hota tha. seemit overon ke cricket ki shuruaat ke baad se singal wicket cricket ko kabhi kabhi hi khela gaya hai.

test cricket

test cricket (Test cricket) pratham shreni cricket ke sarvochch maanak hai. ek test match un deshon ka pratinidhitv karne waali teemon ke beech ek antarraashtreeya sthirta hai jo ICC ke poorn sadasya hain.

January 2005 mein dakshin Africa aur England ke beech

ek test match (Test match). kaali pataloon pahane hue puroosh anpaayar hain (umpires). test cricket, pratham shreni cricket (first-class cricket) aur club cricket (club cricket) mein teemein paaramparik safed yoonifaurm aur laal cricket ki geind (cricket ball) ka upayog karti hain, jabki vyaavasaayik seemit overon (limited overs) ke cricket mein teemein saamaanyat: bahul rangon ki yoonifaurm aur safed geindon ka istemaal karti hain.

haalaanki shabd "test match" ka prayog kaafi samay tak naheen kiya gaya, aisa maana jaata hai ki 1876-77 mein Australiaee mausam (1876-77 Australian season) mein Australia aur England ke beech iski shuruaat hui. iske baad aath anya raashtreeya dalon ne test darja haasil kiya: dakshin Africa (1889), vest Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), Bhaarat (1932), Pakistan (Pakistan)(1952), Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)(1982), Zimbabwe (1992) aur bangalaadesh (2000). baad mein 2006 mein Zimbabwe ko test darje se nilambit kar diya gaya, kyonki yeh doosari teemon se spardha naheen kar pa rahi thi. aur abhi tak yeh nilambit hai.^[23]

velsh khilaadi England ke liye khelne ke liye paatr hain, yeh England aur vels ki team ke beech prabhaavi hai. vest Indies team mein kai raajyon ke khilaadi hain, caribbean, visheshakar baarabaados, guyaana, jamaika, trinidaad aur tobaigose aur leevard dweep aur vind ward dweep se khilaadi ismein shaamil hain.

do teemon ke beech aamtaur par test maichon ko makaan ke ek samooh mein khela jaata hai jise "shrrunkhala" kaha jaata hai. match 5 dinon tak chal sakte hain, saamaanya roop se ek shrrunkhala mein 3 se 5 match ho sakte hain. test match jo diye gaye samay mein khtm naheen hote hain vah dra ho jaate hain.

1882 ke baad se England aur Australia ke beech test shrrunkhala ek trophy ke liye kheli jaati hai jise di eshes (The Ashes) ke naam se jaana jaata hai. kuchh anya shrrunkhalaaon mein bhi vyaktigat traufiyaan hai: udaaharan ke liye, visden trophy (Wisden Trophy) jiske liye England aur vest Indies ke beech spardha hoti hai; Frank vorell trophy (Frank Worrell Trophy) jiske liye Australia aur vest Indies ke beech spardha hoti hai.

seemit over

seemit overon ke cricket (Limited overs cricket) ko kabhi kabhi "ek divseeya cricket" ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai kyonki har match ke liye ek din ka samay hi nirdhaarit kiya jaata hai.

vyavahaar mein, kabhi kabhi match doosare din bhi jaari rahate hain yadi ve khraab mausam ke kaaran baadhit ho jaayein ya sthagit kar diye jaayein. ek seemit overon ke match ka mukhya uddeshya hai parinaam utpann karna aur isliye ek paramparaagat dra sambhav naheen hota hai; lekin kai baar parinaam ghoshit naheen ho pata jab score taai ho jaae ya khraab mausam ke kaaran ise beech mein hi rokana pade.pratyek team keval ek hi paari khelati hai aur ek seemit sankhya mein overon ka saamana karti hai. aamtaur par, seema hai 40 ya 50.twenty 20 (Twenty20) cricket mein pratyek team ko keval 20 overon ka saamana karna hota hai. (Hobart) ekseemit overon antarraashtreeya (Limited Overs international)]] ke dauraan maanak seemit overon ke cricket ki shuruaat England mein 1963 ke mausam mein hui, jab pratham shreni ke County clubon dvaara ek nok out cup par spardha hui. 1969 mein ek raashtreeya league pratiyogita ki sthaapana ki gayi thi. iske peechhe avadhaarana thi ki anya mukhya cricket deshon ko shaamil kiya jaae aur pehla seemit overon ka antarraashtreeya match 1971 mein khela gaya. 1975 mein, pratham cricket world cup England mein hua. seemit overon ke cricket mein kai badlaav laaye gaye jismein bahul rangon ke kit ka upayog aur ek safed geind se flad lit match shaamil hain.

twenty 20 seemit over ka naya roop hai jiska uddeshya hai ki match 3 ghante mein khtm ho jaae, saamaanyat: ise shaam ke samay mein khela jaata hai. mool vichaar, jab avadhaarana England mein 2003 mein pesh ki gayi, yeh tha ki karmachaariyon ko shaam ke samay mein manoranjan upalabdh karaaya ja sake. yeh vyaavasaayik roop se safal hua aur ise antarraashtreeya star par apnaaya gaya hai. pehli twenty 20 vishv championship (Twenty20 World Championship) 2007 mein aayojit kiya gayi. agali twenty 20 vishv championship England mein 2009 mein aayojit ki jaayegi

raashtreeya pratiyogitaaon

pratham shreni cricket (First-class cricket) mein test cricket shaamil hai lekin is shabd ka upayog saamaanyat: poorn aai si si sadasyata vaale deshon mein uchchatam star ke gharelu cricket ke liye kiya jaata hai. haalaanki iske apavaad hain. pratham shreni cricket 18 County clubon ke dvaara England ke bahut se bhaag mein khela jaata hai jo County championship (County Championship) mein hissa lete hain. County champion (champion county) ki avadhaarana 18 veen shataabdi ke baad se hi astitv mein hai, lekin sarkaari pratiyogita 1890 tak sthaapit naheen ki gayi thi. yaurkashaayar County cricket club (Yorkshire County Cricket Club) sabse safal club raha hai jiske paas 30 aadhikaarik sheershak hain.

Australia ne apni raashtreeya pratham shreni championship ki sthaapana 1892-93 mein ki jab Sheffield shield (Sheffield Shield) shuroo ki gayi thi. Australia mein, pratham shreni ki teemein vibhinn raajyon ka pratinidhitv karti hain. new south vels (New South Wales) ne 2008 tak 45 ke saath sabse jyaada khitaab jeete hain.

raashtreeya championship traafiyaan kai sthaanon par sthaapit hai Ranji trophy (Ranji Trophy) (Bhaarat), plunaket shield (Plunket Shield) (New Zealand), kyuri cup (Currie Cup) (dakshin Africa) aur shail shield (Shell Shield) (vest Indies). inmein se kuchh pratiyogitaaon ka adyatan kiya gaya hai aur haal ke varshon mein nae naam diye gaye hain.

ghareloo seemit overon ki pratiyogitaaye England ke jilet cup (Gillette Cup) nok out ke saath 1963 mein shuroo hui. aamtaur par desh nok out aur league donon praaroopon mein mausami seemit overon ki pratiyogitaaon ko karte hain. haal ke varshon mein, raashtreeya twenty 20 pratiyogitaaye shuroo hui hain. ye saamaanyataya nok out roop mein shuroo ki gayi hain lekin kuchh mini league ke roop mein bhi hain.

cricket ke anya prakaar

duniya bhar mein khele jaane vaale is khel ke asankhya anaupachaarik roop hain, jismein shaamil hai inador cricket, fraanseesi cricket, beech cricket, kvik cricket aur sabhi prakaar ke card khel aur board khel jo cricket se prerit hain. in roopon mein, aksar niyam badal diye jaate hain taaki simit sroton mein khel ko khelne yogya banaaya ja sake, ya sahabhaagiyon ke liye ise adhik manoranjak aur aasan banaaya ja sake.

indor cricket (Indoor cricket) ko ek jaal yukt inador kshetr mein khela jaata hai, yeh bahut aupachaarik hai lekin adhikaansh aautador roop anaupachaarik hain

ek park mein asthaayi pitch par cricket khel rahe bachche. bahut se deshon mein logon ke liye aisi pichon par khelna aam hai.

parivaar aur kishor upanagareeya kshetron mein bek yaard cricket (backyard cricket) khelte hain aur Bhaarat aur Pakistan mein galiyon (lambi sankari galiyon mein khela jaata hai) mein "gali cricket" ya "tape baul" khela jaata hai. ismein aise niyam hote hain ki ek bounce mein kech maan liya jaata hai aise niyamon ke kaaran aur sthaan ki kami ke kaaran ballebaaj ko dhyaan se khelna hota hai. tennis ki geind aur aur ghar ke ballon ka upayog kiya jaata hai aur kai prakaar ki cheejein wicket ke roop mein kaam mein li jaati hain, jaati hain, udaaharan ke liye, freinch cricket (French cricket) mein baitar leg, yeh mool roop se France mein utpann naheen hua aur aam taur par chhote bachchon ke dvaara khela jaata hai. kabhi kabhi niyamon mein sudhaar kiya jaata hai: jaise aisa sveekrut kiya ja sakta hai ki kshetr rakshak ek bounce ke baad ek haath se geind ko kech kar sakte hain. ya yadi bahut kam khilaadi upalabdh hain to har koi kshetr rakshan kar sakta hai aur khilaadi ek ek kar ke ballebaaji karte hain.

kvik cricket (Kwik cricket) mein geindabaaj ballebaaj ke taiyaar hone ka intajaar naheen karta hai, yeh adhik thaka dene wala khel bachchon ke liye dijaain kiya gaya hai. yeh aksar angreji schoolon mein pi E paath ke liye prayukt kiya jaata hai. is khel ki gati badhaane ke liye ismein ek aur sanshodhan kiya gaya hai ye hain "tip aur run", “atiptee” run” "tipsi run" ya "tippi- go" niyam. ismein jab geind balle ko chhooti hai to ballebaaj ko bhaagna hi hota hai chaahe yeh sparsh jaan boojh kar na kiya gaya ho ya bahut hi kam ho. yeh niyam, tatkaal khel mein hi dekha ja sakta hai, ismein ballebaaj ke dvaara geind ko rokane ke adhikaar ko hata kar iski gati ko badhne ki koshish ki gayi hai.

samoaa mein cricket ka ek roop jo kilikti (Kilikiti) kahalaata hai, khela jaata hai ismein hockey stick (hockey stick) ke aakar ke balle ka upayog kiya jaata hai. mool angreji cricket mein 1760 mein hockey stick ke aakar ke balle ko aadhunik seedhe balle se pratisthaapit kar diya gaya, jab geindabaajon ne ise ghumaane ke bajaay pitch karna shuroo kar diya. estoniya mein teemein aais cricket (Ice Cricket) tournament ke liye sardiyon mein ikaththi hoti hain. khel mein kathor sardi mein garmi vaale sabhi niyamon ka paalan karna hota hai. anyatha sabhi niyam chhah-ek-paksh ke saamaan hote hain.

inhein bhi dekhein: 1725 tak cricket ka itihaas

the royal graamar school, gildaford (Royal Grammar School, Guildford) cricket ke sabse puraane nishchit sandarbh ke liye sthaan tha

puraane samay mein kabhi kabhi cricket ko in roopon mein varnit kiya jaata tha jaise ek geind ko takaraata hua ek club, ya praacheen club-geind, stool -geind, trep-geind, stab-geind.^[24]cricket ko nishchit roop se 16 veen shataabdi mein England mein tyoodar samay se prachalit maana jaata hai, lekin yeh shaayad isse pehle bhi utpann ho chuka tha. iski utpatti ka sabse saamaanya siddhaant yeh hai ki yeh madhyakaaleen avadhi ke dauraan kaint aur susseks ke beech mein veeld mein krushi aur dhaatu kaaryon mein lage hue samudaayon ke bachchon ke dvaara shuroo kiya gaya tha. khel ke likhit saakshya kreg ke naam se jaane jaate hain, jo 1301^[25]mein nyunden keint mein Edward I (Edward I (Longshanks)) ke bete prince Edward (Prince Edward) ke dvaara khela jaata tha. is par satta bhi lagaaya jaata tha, lekin is baat ka koi pramaan naheen hai ki yeh cricket ka hi roop tha.

"cricket" shabd ke liye shabdon ki sankhya sakbhav srot mani jaati hai. In the earliest known reference to the sport in 1598^[26], it is called creckett. prabal madhyayugeen vyaapaar kanekshan dakshin poorv England aur County of flaindars (County of Flanders) ke beech milta hai, jo baad mein dachi of baragandi (Duchy of Burgundy) se sambandhit tha, yeh naam sanbhavataya madhyam dach (Middle Dutch)^[27] krik (-e) se vyutpann hua jiska arth hai chhadi; ya puraane angreji (Old English) mein kris ya krise jiska arth hai baisaakhi.^[28] puraane fraanseesi (Old French) mein shabd criquet ka arth prateet hota hai ke prakaar ki chhadi ya club.^[29]shamooel Johnson (Samuel Johnson) ke shabdakosh mein, unhonne cricket ko "cryce," se vyutpann kiya hai jiska arth hai, sakson, ek chhadi ".^[30]ek anya sambhaavit srot hai madhyam dach shabd krickstoeljiska arth hai ek lamba neechala stool jiska upayog church (church) mein ghutne tekane ke liye kiya jaata hai, jo praacheen cricket mein kam mein liye jaane vaale lambe wicket (wicket) ke saath do stump (stumps) ke saamaan prateet hota hai.^[31]baun vishvavidyaalaya (Bonn University) ke Europeeya bhaasha ke ek visheshagya Heiner Gillmeister ke anusaar, "cricket" hockey ke liye madhyam dach vaakyaansh se vyutpann hua hai, met de (krik ket)sen (arthaat lakdi ke pichhle hisse ke saath"). ^[32]

1598 mein^[26], 1550 ke aaspaasroyal graamar school, gildaford (Royal Grammar School, Guildford) mein ladkon ke dvaara khele ja rahe ek khel creckett ka ek adaalati maamala saamane aaya. yeh is khel ka sabse puraana nishchit ullekh hai. aisa lagta hai ki yeh moolat: ek bachchon ka khel tha lekin 1610^[33]ke aas paas ke sandarbh yeh bataate hain ki vayaskon ne ise khelna shuroo kar diya tha aur iske theek baad intar perish gaanv cricket (village cricket) ke sandarbh mile. 1624 mein, ek khilaadi jespar vinaal (Jasper Vinall) ki mrutyu ho gayi jab susseks mein do perish teemon ke beech ek match ke doraan uske sar par chot lagi.^[34]

17 veen sadi ke dauraan, anek sandarbh England ke poorv dakshin mein cricket ke vikaas ka sanket dete hain. is sadi ke ant tak, yeh uchch daanv ke liye kheli jaane waali ek sangathit gatividhi ban gaya tha aur aisa maana jaata hai ki 1660 mein punarsansthaapan (Restoration) ke baad pehle peshevar prakat hue. 1697 mein saseks mein ooainche daanv par yeh khel khela gaya jo ek "bada cricket match" tha jismein ek paksh mein 11 khilaadi the, iski report ek akhbaar mein chhaapi gayi, itne mahatvapoorn roop mein yeh cricket ka pehla gyaat sandarbh hai.

1859 mein livrapool mein board jahaaj par daure par jaane waali pehli angreji team

khel ne 18 veen shataabdi mein pramukh vikaas kiya aur yeh England ka raashtreeya khel ban gaya. shart nein us vikaas mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaai saath hi ameer samarthakon ne apni XI khilaadiyon ki team taiyaar ki. London mein 1707 mein cricket bahut prasiddh tha aur finsabari mein aartilri ground (Artillery Ground) ke match mein bahut badi bheed ikaththi hoti thi. khel ke singal wicket (single wicket) roop ne bahut badi sankhya mein bhari bheed ko aakarshit kiya. geindabaaji 1760 ke aas paas shuroo hui jab geindabaaj ne geind ko ballebaaj ki or rol ya skeem karne ke bajaay use pitch karna shuroo kar diya. bounce hoti hui geind ka saamana karne ke liye balle ke design mein krantikaari parivartan aaya, puraane hockey ke aakaar ke balle ko aadhunik seedhe balle se pratisthaapit karna anivaarya tha. 1760 mein haimbladan cup (Hambledon Club) ki sthaapana ki gayi, agale 20 saalon tak jab tak M si si (MCC) ki sthaapana hui aur 1787 mein laurds ke puraane ground (Lord's Old Ground) ki shuruaat hui, tab tak haimbladan khel ka sabse bada club tha aur iska kendra bindu bhi tha. emaseesi jaldi hi khel ka primiar club ban gaya aur cricket ke niyamon (Laws of Cricket) ka sanrakshak ban gaya. 18 veen sadi ke uttaraarddh bhaag mein nae niyam banaaye gaye jismein teen stamp ka wicket aur leg bifor wicket shaamil tha.

19 veen sadi mein under aarm geindabaaji (underarm bowling) pehle round aarm geindabaaji (roundarm) mein badal gayi aur fir over aarm geindabaaji (overarm bowling) mein badal gayi. donon vikaas vivaadaaspad the. County star par khel ke sangathan se County clubon ka nirmaan shuroo hua. iski shuruaat 1839 mein saseks si si si (Sussex CCC) se hui, jisne ant mein 1890 mein aadhikaarik gathan County championship (County Championship) banaaya. is beech, british saamraajya ne is khel ke prasaar mein bahut yogadaan diya. 19 veen sadi ke madhya tak yeh achhi tarah se Bhaarat, uttari America, kairibiyaai, dakshin Africa, Australia aur New Zealand mein sthaapit ho gaya tha. 1844 mein, pehli baar sanyukt raajya America (United States) aur Canada (Canada) ke beech antarraashtreeya cricket match hua. (haalaanki inmein se kisi bhi raashtra ko kabhi bhi test khelne vaale raashtra ke roop mein reink naheen kiya gaya.)

sar Don bredamain ka test ausat 99.94 tha aur pratham shreni mein unka ausat 95.14 tha jo kisi bhi doosare khilaadi ke record se mel naheen khaate hain.^[35]

1859 mein, England ki team ke khilaadi pehli baar uttari America ke videshi daure par gaye the aur 1862 mein, english team ne pehli baar Australia ka daura kiya. 1876-77 mein, ek England ki team ne pehli baar Australia ke viruddh melaborn cricket maidaan mein test match (Test match) mein bhaag liya.

dabloo ji gres (W G Grace) ne 1865 mein apna lamba keriyr shuroo kiya; aksar kaha jaata hai ki uske keriyr ne khel mein krantikaari parivartan kiya.England aur Australia ke beech pratidvandvita ne 1882 mein di aishas (The Ashes) ko janm diya. yeh test cricket ki sabse prasiddh pratiyogita thi. test cricket 1888-89 mein vistrut ho gaya jab dakshin Africa ne England ke viruddh khela pratham vishv yuddhase pehle ke do dashak "cricket ke svarn yug" ke naam se jaane jaate hain. yeh udaaseen naam yuddh ki haani ke parinaamasvaroop saamoohik arth mein utpann hua. lekin is avadhi mein mahaan khilaadi hue aur yaadagaar match khele gaye. vishesh roop se County mein aayojit pratiyogita aur test star ka vikaas hua.

yuddh ke dauraan ke varshon mein ek khilaadi ka bolabaala raha, Don bredamain jo aankadon ke anusaar ab tak ke sabse mahaanatam ballebaaj rahein hain. England ki team ne 1932-33 mein jo asafalata (Bodyline) jheli use door karne ke liye aur kushalata paane ke liye usane drudh sankalp kar liya. 20 veen sadi ke dauraan bhi test cricket ka vistaar hua. dviteeya vishv yuddh se pehle vest Indies, Bhaarat aur New Zealand ismein shaamil ho gaye. aur yuddh kaal ke baad Pakistan, Sri Lanka aur Bangladesh bhi is shreni mein shaamil ho gaye. haalaanki, dakshin Africa ko 1970 se 1992 tak sarkaar ki rangabhed ki neeti ke kaaran antarraashtreeya cricket se pratibandhit kar diya gaya thaakriket ne 1963 mein ek nae yug mein pravesh kiya jab english County ne seemit overon (limited overs) ki kism ki shuruaat ki. chooainki ismein parinaam nishchit hota tha, seemit overon ke cricket aakarshak tha isse maichon ki sankhya mein vruddhi hui. pehla seemit overon ka antarraashtreeya (Limited Overs International) match 1971 mein khela gaya. niyantrak antarraashtreeya cricket parishad ne iski kshamata ko dekha aur 1975 mein pehle seemit overon ke cricket world cup ka manchan kiya. 21 veen sadi mein, seemit overon ke ek nae roop twenty 20 (Twenty20), ne tatkaal prabhaav utpann kiya.

ICC ke sadasya raashtra. (uchchatam star) test khelne vaale raashtron ko naarangi rang se darshaaya jaata hai; aur sahayogi sadasya raashtron ko hare rang mein dikhaaya jaata hai; aur sahabaddh sadasya raashtron ko baingani rang mein dikhaaya jaata hai.

antarraashtreeya cricket parishad (ICC), jiska mukhyaalaya dubai mein hai, cricket ki antarraashtreeya shaasi nikaaya hai. ise 1909 mein Australia aur dakshin Africa ke pratinidhiyon ke dvaara inpeeriyl cricket conference ke roop mein sthaapit kiya gaya tha. 1965 mein ise antarraashtreeya cricket sammelan ka naam diya gaya 1989 mein ise apna vartamaan naam mila.

ai si si ke 104 sadasya hain; 10 poore sadasya jo adhikaarik test mech khelte hain, 34 sahayogi sadasya hain aur 60 sambaddh sadasya hain.^[1]ICC cricket ke pramukh antararaashtreeya tournament khaaskar cricket vishv cup ke sangathan aur shaasan ke liye uttaradaayi hai, yeh sabhi sveekrut test maichon, ek divseeya antararaashtreeya aur twenty 20 antararaashtreeya ke liye anpaayar aur refariyon ki niyukti karta hai. pratyek raashtra ka ek raashtreeya cricket board hai jo desh mein khele jaane vaale cricket maichon ko niyantrit karta hai. cricket board raashtreeya team ka bhi chayan karta hai aur raashtreeya team ke liye ghar mein aur baahar dauron ka aayojan karta hai.

vijdan kriketars almanaik

vikimeediya kaumans par cricket se sambandhit media hai.

• 'delhi Daredevils' ka hindi jaalaghar
• cricinfo
• kriketaaarkaaiv*[1]
• antarraashtreeya cricket parishad (ICC)*[2]
• cricket ke adhikaarik niyam, merilebon cricket club (Marylebone Cricket Club) (emaseesi) dvaara prakaashit
• cricket ka parichay*[3]
• Yahoo cricket