cheen

cheen vishv ki praacheen sabhyataaon mein se ek hai jo Asiaee mahaadveep ke poo‍aarv mein sthit hai. cheen ki sabhyata evam sanskruti chhathi shataabdi se bhi puraani hai. cheen ki likhit bhaasha pranaali vishv ki sabse puraani hai jo aaj tak upayog mein laayi ja rahi hai aur jo kai aavishkaaron ka srot bhi hai. british vidvaan aur jeev-rasaayan shaastri Joseph needham ne praacheen cheen ke chaar mahaan avishkaar bataaye jo hain :- kaagaj, kampaas, baarood aur mudran. aitihaasik roop se cheeni sanskruti ka prabhaav poorvi aur dakshin poorvi Asiaee deshon par raha hai aur cheeni dharm, rivaaj aur lekhan pranaali ko in deshon mein alag-alag star tak apnaaya gaya hai. cheen mein pratham maanaveeya upasthiti ke pramaan jhooo kooo diyn gufa ke sameep milte hain aur jo homo irektas ke pratham namoone bhi hai jise ham 'peking maanav' ke naam se jaante hain. anumaan hai ki ye is kshetr mein 3,00,000 se 5,00,000 varsh poorv yahaaain rahate the aur kuchh shodhon se ye mahatvapoorn jaankaari bhi mili hai ki peking maanav aag jalaane ki aur use niyantrit karne ki kala jaante the. cheen ke gruh yuddh ke kaaran iske do bhaag ho gaye -

(1) janavaadi ganaraajya cheen jo mukhya cheeni bhoobhaag par sthaapit samaajavaadi sarkaar dvaara shaasit kshetron ko kehte hain. iske antargat cheen ka bahutaayat bhaag aata hai.

(2) cheeni ganaraajya - jo mukhya bhoomi se hatkar taaivaan sahit kuchh anya dveepon se bana desh hai. iska mukhyaalaya taaivaan hai.

cheen ki aabaadi duniya mein sarvaadhik hai. praacheen cheen maanav sabhyata ke sabse puraani sharanasthaliyon mein se ek hai. vaigyaanik kaarban deting ke anusaar yahaaain par maanav 22 lakh se 25 lakh varsh pehle aaye the.

cheen Asia ke dakshin-poorv mein sthit hai. iski rajdhani Beijing hai. yahaaain ke adhikaansh nivaasi bauddh hain. cheen ke nivaasi apni bhaasha mein apne desh ko 'changakyooh' kehte hain. kadaachit iseeliye Bhaarat tatha faaras ke praacheen nivaasiyon ne is desh ka naam apne yahaaain 'cheen' rakh liya tha. cheen desh ka ullekh mahaabhaarat, manusmruti, lalitvistar aadi granthon mein baraabar milta hai. yahaaain ke reshami kapde Bhaarat mein 'cheenaanshuk' naam se itne prasiddh the ki reshami kapde ka naam hi 'cheenaanshuk' pad gaya hai.

cheen mein bahut praacheen kaal ka kramabaddh itihaas surakshit hai. isa se 2950 varsh poorv tak ke raajavansh ka pata chalta hai. cheen ki sabhyata bahut praacheen hai, yahaaain tak ki Europe ki sabhyata ka bahut kuchh ansha— jaise, pahanaava, baithane aur khaane peene aadi ka dhang, pustak chhaapane ki kala aadi — cheen se liya gaya hai. yahaaain isa ke 217 varsh poorv se bauddh dharm ka sanchaar ho gaya tha par isaveen san 61 mein mingati raaja ke shaasanakaal mein jab bhaaratavarsh se granth aur moortiyaaain gayi, log bauddh dharm ki or aakarshit hone lage. san 67 mein kashyap matang naamak ek bauddh pandit cheen mein gaye aur unhonne 'dvaachatvaarinshat sootr' ka cheeni bhaasha mein anuvaad kiya. tabase baraabar cheen mein bauddh dharm ka prachaar badhta gaya. cheen se jhund ke jhund yaatri vidyaadhyayan ke liye bhaaratavarsh mein aate the. cheen mein ab tak aise kai stoop paaye jaate hain jinke vishay mein cheeniyon ka kathan hai ki ve samraat ashok ke banavaaye hue hain.

"cheen" shabd ka pratham darj upayog 1555 mein kiya gaya tha. ye shabd chin se nikla tha jo Marco polo dvaara pashchim mein prachaarit kiya gaya. yeh shabd paarasi aur sanskrut ke Cīanā (cheen) aur antat: kin saamraajya se nikla (秦) (778 isa poorv -207 isa poorv), jo jhooo vanshaavali ke samay cheen ka sabse pashchimi saamraajya tha.

aitihaasik roop se cheen ko sina ya sino, cine, Cathay, ya pashchimi deshon dvaara seres ke naam se bhi jaana jaata hai. cheen ka aadhikaarik naam pratyek vansh ke saath badalta raha hai aur sabse prachalit aur aam naam hai jhongguo (中aa國), jiska arth hai "keindreeya raashtra", ya "madhya saamraajya".

• cheen ka itihaas
• Tibet
• taaivaan
• dalaai laama

• cheeni jnyaaanakosh - cheen ke baare mein sampoorn jaankaari, hindi mein