bundelakhand

is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (September 2011)

uttar Bhaarat ke aitihaasik kshetr bundelakhand
Location	madhya pradesh, uttar pradesh
raajya sthaapana:	914 AD
bhaasha	bundeli
raajavansh	chandel (731-1561) kaalinjar, khajuraaho, mahoba, bundel (1501-1950) orachha
aitihaasik raajadhaaneeyaan	kaalinjar, khajuraaho, mahoba, orachha
vibhaajit raajya	orachha (1501), datiya, panna raajya (1732), ajayagadh (1765), bijaavar (1765), beri, charkhari, samthar, sareela, anya

bundelakhand madhya Bhaarat ka ek praacheen kshetr hai. iska vistaar madhya pradesh tatha uttar pradesh mein bhi hai. bundeli is kshetr ki mukhya boli hai. bhaugolik aur saans‍aakrutik vividhtaaon ke baavajood bundelakhand mein jo ekta aur samarasata hai, uske kaaran yeh kshetr apne aap mein sabse anootha ban padta hai. anek shaasakon aur vanshon ke shaasan ka itihaas hone ke baavajood bundelakhand ki apni alag aitihaasik, saamaajik aur saans‍aakrutik viraasat hai. bundeli maati mein jan‍aami anek vibhootiyon ne na keval apna balki is anchal ka naam khoob roshan kiya aur itihaas mein amar ho gaye. aalha-oodal, isuri, kavi padmaakar, jhaaainsi ki raani lakshmeebaai, dau॰ harisinh gaur aadi anek mahaan vibhootiyaaain isi kshetr se sambaddh hain.

bundelakhand ki sthiti evam vistaar

itihaas, sanskruti aur bhaasha ke maddenajar bundelakhand bahut vistrut pradesh hai. lekin iski bhaugolik, saanskrutik aur bhaashik ikaaiyon me adbhut samaanata hai. bhoogolavettaaon ka mat hai ki bundelakhand ki seemaaen spasht hain aur bhautik tatha saanskrutik rup mein nishchit hai ki yeh Bhaarat ka ek aisa bhaugolik kshetr hai, jismein na keval sanrachanaatmak ekta, bhaumyaakaar aur saamaajikta ka aadhaar bhi ek hi hai. vaastav mein samast bundelakhand mein sachchi saamaajik, aarthik aur bhaavanaatmak ekta hai.

prasiddh bhoogolavetta esa0 ema0 Ali ne puraanon ke aadhaar par vindhyakshetr ke teen janapadon vidisha, dashaarn evam karush ka son-ken se sameekaran kiya hai. isi prakaar tripuri lagbhag oopari narmada ki ghaati tatha jabalapur, mandala tatha narasinhapur jilon ke kuchh bhaagon ka pradesh maana hai. itihaasakaar jayachandr vidyaalankaar ne aitihaasik aur bhaugolik drushtiyon ko santulit karte hue bundelakhand ko kuchh rekhaaon mein sametane ka prayatn kiya hai, vindhyamekhala ka teesara prakhand bundelakhand hai jismein betava (vetravati), dhasaan (dashaarn) aur ken (shuktigti) ke kaaainthe, narmada ki ooparali ghaati aur pachamadhi se amarakantak tak riaksh parvat ka hissa sammilit hai. usaki poorabi seema tons (tamasa) nadi hai.

vartamaan bhautik shodhon ke aadhaar par bundelakhand ko ek bhautik kshetr ghoshit kiya gaya hai aur usaki seemaaen is prakaar aadhaarit ki gayi hain- vah kshetr jo uttar mein yamuna, dakshin mein vindhya paleto ki shreniyon, uttar-pashchim mein chanbal aur dakshin-poorv mein panna-ajayagadh shreniyon se ghira hua hai, bundelakhand ke naam se jaana jaata hai. ismein uttar pradesh ke jaalaun, Jhansi, lalitpur, hameerapur, baaainda aur mahoba tatha madhya-pradesh ke saagar, damoh, teekamagadh, chhatarapur, panna, datiya ke alaava bhind jile ki lahaar aur gvaaliyr jile ki maander tahaseelein tatha raayasen aur vidisha jile ka kuchh bhaag bhi shaamil hai. haalaanki ye seema rekhaaen bhoo-sanrachana ki drushti se uchit kahi ja sakateen.

Dr narmada prasaad gup‍aat ne apni pus‍aatak bundelakhand ki lok sans‍aakruti ka itihaas mein likha hai ki ateet mein bundelakhand shabar, kol, kiraat, pulind aur nishaadon ka pradesh tha. aaryon ke madhyadesh mein aane par jan-jaatiyon ne pratirodh kiya tha. vaidik kaal se bundelon ke shaasanakaal tak do hajaar varshon mein is pradesh par anek jaatiyon aur raajavansh ne shaasan kiya hai aur apni saamaajik-saanskrutik chetna se in jaatiyon ke mool sanskaaron ko prabhaavit kiya hai. vibhinn shaasakon mein maurya, sung, shak, hun, kushaan, naag, vaakaatak, gupt, kalachuri, chandel, Afghan, mugal, bundel, baghel, gaud, maraatha aur angrej mukhya hain. i0 poo0 321 tak vaidik kaal se mauryakaal tak ka itihaas vastut: bundelakhand ka pauraanik-itihaas maana ja sakta hai. iske samast aadhaar pauraanik granth hai.

bundelakhand shabd madhyakaal se pehle is naam se prayog mein naheen aaya hai. iske vividh naam aur unke upayog aadhunik yug mein hi hue hain. beesaveen shati ke praarambhik dashak mein raayabahaadur mahaaraajasinh ne bundelakhand ka itihaas likha tha. isame bundelakhand ke antargat aane waali jaageeron aur unke shaasakon ke naamon ki ganana mukhya thi. deevaan pratipaal Singh ne tatha panna darbaar ke prasiddh kavi Krishna ne apne sroton se bundelakhand ke itihaas likhe parantu ve vidvaan bhi saamaajik saanskrutik chetanaaon ke prati udaaseen rahe.

Dr gup‍aat ke anusaar madhya Bhaarat ka itihaas granth mein pan0 harihr nivaas Dwivedi ne bundelakhand ki raajanaitik, dhaarmik, saanskrutik upalabdhiyon ki charcha prakaaraantar se ki hai. is granth mein kuchh sthaanon par bundelakhand ka itihaas bhi aaya hai. ek ach‍aachha prayaas pan0 gorelaal tivaari ne kiya aur bundelakhand ka sankshipt itihaas likha jo ab tak ke grantho se sabse alag tha parantu un‍aahonne bundelakhand ka itihaas samaajashaasreeya aadhaar par likh kar keval raajanaitik ghatnaaon ke aadhaar par likha hai.

budelakhand ke praacheen itihaas ke sambandh mein sarvaadhik mahat‍aavapoorn dhaarana yeh hai ki yeh chedi janapad ka his‍aasa tha. kuchh vidvaan chedi janapad ko hi praacheen bundelakhand maanate hain. pauraanik kaal mein bundelakhand prasiddh shaasakon ke adheen raha hai jinmein chandravanshi raajaaon ke shrunkhalaabaddh shaasanakaal ka ul‍aalekh sabse adhik hai. bauddhakaal mein shaanpak naamak bauddh ne baagudha pradesh mein Bhagwan buddh ke naakhoon aur baal se ek stoop ka nirmaan karaaya tha. marahoot (varadaavati nagar) mein iske avashesh vidyamaan hain.

bauddhakaaleen itihaas ke sambandh mein bundelakhand mein praapt us samay ke avasheshon se spasht hai ki bundelakhand ki sthiti mein is avadhi mein koi lakshaneeya parivartan naheen hua tha. chedi ki charcha na hona aur vats, avanti ke shaasakon ka mahatva darshaaya jaana is baat ka pramaan hai ki chedi inmein se kisi ek ke adheen raha hoga. pauraanik yug ka chedi janapad hi is prakaar praacheen bundelakhand hai.

itihaas saakshi hai ki Bhaarat ki aajaadi ke pratham sangraam ki jvaala Meerut ki chhaavani mein bhadki thi. kintu in aitihaasik tathyon ke peechhe ek sachaai gum hai, vah yeh ki aajaadi ki ladaai shuroo karne vaale Meerut ke sangraam se bhi 15 saal pehle bundelakhand ki dharmanagari chitrakoot mein ek kraanti ka sootrapaat hua tha. pavitra mandaakini ke kinaare gokashi ke khilaaf ekajut hui hindu-muslim biraadari ne maoo tahaseel mein adaalat lagaakar paanch firangi afsaron ko faansi par lataka diya. iske baad jab-jab angrejon ya fir unke kisi pichhlaggoo ne bundelon ki shaan mein gustaakhi ka prayaas kiya to usaka sir kalam kar diya gaya. is kraanti ke naayak the aajaadi ke pratham sangraam ki jvaala Meerut ke seedhe-saadhe harabole. sangharsh ki daastaan ko aage badhaane mein burkaanasheen mahilaaon ki 'ghaaghara palatan' ki bhi aham hissedaari thi. aajaadi ke sangharsh ki pehli mashaal sulagaane vaale bundelakhand ke ranabaankure itihaas ke pannon mein jagah naheen pa sake, lekin unki shooraveerata ki tasdeek firangi afsar khud kar gaye hain. angrej adhikaariyon dvaara likhe baanda gazette mein ek aisi kahaani dafan hai, jise bahut kam log jaante hain. gajetiyr ke panne palatane par maaloom hua ki varsh 1857 mein Meerut ki chhaavani mein firangiyon ki fauj ke sipaahi mangal paandeya ke vidroh se bhi 15 saal pehle chitrakoot mein kraanti ki chingaari bhadak chuki thi. daraasal ateet ke us daur mein dharmanagari ki pavitra mandaakini nadi ke kinaare angrej afsar gaayon ka vadh karaate the. gaumaans ko Bihar aur Bengal mein bhejkar vahaan se evaj mein rasad aur hathiyaar mangaaye jaate the. aastha ki prateek mandaakini kinaare ek doosari aastha yaani govansh ki hatya se sthaaneeya janta vichlit thi, lekin firangiyon ke khauf ke kaaran jubaan band thi. kuchh logon ne himmat dikhaate hue maraatha shaasakon aur mandaakini paar ke 'naya gaanv' ke chaube raajaaon se fariyaad lagaayi, lekin donon shaasakon ne angrejon ki mukhaalafat karne se inkaar kar diya. guhaar bekaar gayi, nateeje mein seene ke andar pratishodh ki jvaala dhadhakati rahi. isi dauraan gaanv-gaanv ghoomane vaale harabolon ne gaukashi ke khilaaf logon ko jaagrut karte hue ekajut karna shuroo kiya. fir varsh 1842 ke June maheene ki chhathi taareekh ko vah hua, jiski kisi ko ummeed naheen thi. hajaaron ki sankhya mein nihatthe majadooron, naujavaanon aur burkaanasheen mahilaaon ne maoo tahaseel ko gherakar firangiyon ke saamane bagaavat ke naare buland kiye. khaas baat yeh thi ki gaukashi ke khilaaf is aandolan mein hindu-muslim biraadari ki baraabar ki bhaageedaari thi. tahaseel mein goron ke khilaaf aavaaj buland hui to bundelon ki bhujaaen fadkane lageen. dekhte-dekhte angrej afsar bandhak the, iske baad ped ke neeche 'janta ki adaalat' lagi aur baakaayada mukadama chalaakar paanch angrej afsaron ko faansi par lataka diya gaya. janakraanti ki yeh jvaala maoo mein dafan hone ke bajaay raajaapur baajaar pahunchi aur angrej afsar khaded diye gaye. vakt ki najaakat dekhte hue marka aur samagara ke jameendaar bhi aandolan mein kood pade. do din baad 8 June ko baberoo baajaar sulaga to vahaan ke thaanedaar aur tahaseeladaar ko jaan bachaakar bhaagna pada. jauharapur, pailaani, beesalapur, semari se angrejon ko khadedne ke saath hi tindavaari tahaseel ke daftar mein kraantikaariyon ne sarkaari rikaardo ko jalaakar teen hajaar rupaye bhi loot liye. aajaadi ki jvaala bhadkane par gori hukoomat ne apne pitthoo shaasakon ko hukm jaari karte hue kraantikaariyon ko kuchalane ke liye kaha. is farmaan par panna naresh ne ek hajaar sipaahi, ek top, chaar haathi aur pachaas bail bheje, chhatarapur ki raani va gaurihaar ke raaja ke saath hi ajayagadh ke raaja ki fauj bhi chitrakoot ke liye kooch kar chuki thi. doosari or baanda chhaavani mein dubake firangi afsaron ne baanda navaab se jaan ki guhaar lagaate hue beevi-bachchon ke saath pahunch gaye. idhar vidroh ko dabaane ke liye baanda-chitrakoot pahunchi bhaarateeya raajaaon ki fauj ke tamaam sipaahi bhi aandolanakaariyon ke saath kadamataal karne lage. nateeje mein utsaahi kraantikaariyon ne 15 June ko baanda chhaavani ke prabhaari mi. kaakarel ko pakadne ke baad gardan ko dhad se alag kar diya. iske baad aavaam ke andar se angrejon ka khauf khatm karne ke liye kate sir ko lekar baanda ki galiyon mein ghoome. kaakarel ki hatya ke do din baad raajaapur, maoo, baanda, daraseinda, tarauhaan, badausa, baberoo, pailaani, simauni, sihunda ke bundelon ne yuddh parishad ka gathan karte hue bundelakhand ko aajaad ghoshit kar diya. “abundelakhand ekeekrut party” ke sanyojak sanjaya paandeya kehte hai ki jab is kraanti ke baare mein swayam angrej afsar likh kar gaye hain to bhaarateeya itihaasakaaron ne in tathyon ko itihaas ke pannon mein sthaan kyon naheen diya?sach poochha jaaye to yeh ek vaastavik janaandolan tha kyoki ismein koi neta naheen tha balki aandolanakaari aam janta hi thi isliye itihaas mein sthaan na paana bundelon ke sangharsh ko najar andaaj karne ke baraabar hai. kaha ki bundelakhand ekeekrut party prachaar prasaar ke maadhyam se bundelon ki yeh veerata poorn kahaani saari duniya tak pahuchaayegi

bundelakhand ke gyaat itihaas ke anusaar yahaan 300 i0 poo0 maurya shaasanakaal ke saaksh‍aaya upalab‍aadh hai. iske pash‍aachaat vaakaatak aur gup‍aat shaasanakaal, kalachuri|kalachuri shaasanakaal, chandel|chandel shaasanakaal, bundel shaasanakaal (jinmein orachha ke bundela bhi shaamil the), maraatha shaasanakaal aur angrejon ke shaasanakaal ka ul‍aalekh milta hai.

adhyayan ki suvidha ke liye bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti ko nimnalikhit yugon mein baaainta gaya hai.

1. praagaitihaasik bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
2. vaidik tatha puraanayugeen bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
3. mauryayugeen bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
4. vaakaatak aur gupt yugeen bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
5. kalachuri kaaleen bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
6. bundela shaasan kaaleen bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti
7. paravarti bundeli samaaj aur sanskruti

bundelakhand vindhyaachal ki upavyakaaon ka pradesh hai. is giri ki anek ooainchi neechi shaakhaaain - prashaakhaaain hain. iske dakshin bhaag mein mekal, poorv mein kaimor, uttar-poorv mein keinjuaa, madhya mein saarang aur panna tatha pashchim mein bheemator aur peer jaisi giri shikhaaain hain. yeh khand lahariyaaain leti hui taal-talaiyon, ghahar-ghahar kar bahne vaale naale aur chaude paat ke saath ujjaval ret par athva durgam giri-maalaaon ko cheer kar bhairav ninaad karte hue bahne waali nadiyon ka khand hai. sindh (kaali sindh), betava, dhasaan, ken tatha narmada is bhaag ki mukhya nadiyaaain hain. inmein pratham chaar nadiyon ka pravaah uttar ki or aur narmada ka pravaah poorv mein pashchim ki or hai. pratham chaar nadiyaaain yamuna mein mil jaati hain. narmada pashchim saagar (arab saagar) se milti hain. is kshetr mein prakruti ne vistaar lekar apna saundarya chhitkaaya hai.

bundelakhand loha, sona, chaaaindi, sheesha, heera, panna aadi se samruddh hai. iske alaava yahaaain choona ka patthar bhi prachur maatra mein paaya jaata hai. vindhaya parvat par pai jaane waali chattaanon ke naam uske aaspaas ke sthaan ke naamon se prasiddh hai jaise - maander ka choona ka patthar, gannaur gadh ki cheepein, reeva aur panna ke choone ka patthar, vijyagadh ki cheepein ityaadi. jabalapur ke aaspaas paaya jaane wala gora patthar bhi kaafi prasiddh hai.

is praant ki bhoomi bhojan ki fasalon ke atirikt fal, tambaakoo aur papeete ki kheti ke liye achhi samajhi jaati hai.

yahaaain ke vanon mein sarai, saagon, mahuaa, chaar, hari, bahera, aaainvala, ghatahar, khair, dhubain, mahalaun, paakar, babool, karaunda, semar aadi ke vruksh adhik hote hain.

vaastu

vaastukala:

bundelakhand ke beete vaibhav ki jhalak hamein aaj ukt bhoomi par chhitki hui paashaan kaal se praapt hoti hai. is bhoomi par is kala ne kitna aadar paaya aur usaka kitna vikaas hua, yeh baat puraatatv-visheshagyon se chhipi nahi hai. yo praagaitihaasik kaal ki aadivaasi janajaatiyo dvaara pooji jaane waali, moortiyo ke avashesh , bundelakhand bhoomi se hi praapt hote hain. kala ki drushti se inka moolya adhik naheen hai, kintu moortikla ke vibhin‍aan rup ka achha srot hai. ye moortiyaaain bahut maayane rakhati hain aur amoolya hain.

Bhaarat ek bahut bada desh hai. yahaaain har pradesh ki veshabhoosha tatha bhaasha mein bahut bada antar dikhaayi deta hai. itni badi bhinnata hote hue bhi ek samaanata hai jo desh ko ek sootr mein piroye hue hai. vah hai yahaan ki saanskrutik-ekta tatha tyauhaar. svabhaav se hi manushya utsav-priya hai, mahaakavi kaalidaas ne theek hi kaha hai - "utsav priy: maanava:'. parv hamaare jeevan mein utsaah, ullaas va umang ki poorti karte hain.

bundelakhand ke parvon ki apni aitihaasikta hai. unka pauraanik va aadhyaatmik mahatva hai aur ye hamaari sanskrutik viraasat ke ang hain. kuchh atyant mahatvapoorn tyauhaaron ka vivechan hindi maason ke anusaar kiya ja raha hai.

chhatrasaal ke samay mein jahaan bundelakhand ko "it jamuna ut narmada, it chambal ut tons" se jaana jaata hai. vahaan bhaugolik drushti janajeevan, sanskruti aur bhaasha ke sandarbh se bundela kshatriyon ke vaibhavakaal se joda jaata hai. bundeli is bhoo-bhaag ki sabse adhik vyavahaar mein aane waali boli hai. vigat 700 varshon se ismein paryaapt saahitya srujan hua. bundeli kaavya ke vibhinn saadhanaaon, jaatiyon aur aadi ka parichay bhi milta hai. kaavroo ka aadhaar iseeliye bundelakhand ki nadiyaan, parvat aur uske veeron ko banaya gaya hai. vibhinn pravruttiyon aur aandolanon ke aadhaar par bundelakhand kaavya ke kul saat yug maane ja sakte hain, jinhein adhyayan ke suvidha se nimn naamon se abhihit kiya gaya hai.

bundelakhand ekeekrut party dvaara prastaavit bundelakhand raajya mein kuchh jile uttar pradesh ke tatha kuchh madhya pradesh ke hain, vartamaan mein bundelakhand kshetr ki stithi bahut hi gambhir hai. yeh kshetr paryaapt aarthik sansaadhanon se paripoorn hai kintu fir bhi yeh atyant pichhda hai. iska mukhya kaaran hai, raajaneetik udaaseenata. na to kendra sarkaar aur na hi raajya sarkaarein is kshetr ke vikaas ke liye gambhir hain. isliye is kshetr ke log alag bundelakhand raajya ki maang lambe samay se karte aa rahe hai. prastaavit bundelakhand raajya mein u.pr. ke mahoba, jhaaainsi, baanda, lalitpur, jaalaun, hameerapur aur chitrakoot jile shaamil hain, jabki m.pr. ke chhatarapur, saagar, panna, teekamagadh, damoh, datiya, bhind, satana aadi jile shaamil hain. bundelakhand ekeekrut party ke raashtreeya sanyojak sanjaya paandeya ka kehna hai ki yadi bundelakhand raajya ka gathan hua to yeh desh ka sabse viksit pradesh hoga. prastaavit bundelakhand raajya ki aabaadi chaar karod se bhi adhik hogi. janasainkhya ke hisaab se yeh desh ka naunva sabse bada raajya hoga. yoon to bundelakhand kshetr do raajyon mein vibhaajit hai-uttar pradesh tatha madhya pradesh, lekin bhoo-saanskrutik drushti se yeh kshetr ek doosare se abhinn roop se juda hua hai. reeti rivaajon, bhaasha aur vivaah sambandhon ne is ekta ko aur bhi pakki neenv par khada kar diya.

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