brahma

brahma
हंसासन में भगवान ब्रह्मा।
hansaasan mein Bhagwan brahma.
srushti ke rachayita
sambandhit hindu devata
aavaas brahmalok
mantra Om brahmane nam:..
jeevanasaathi saavitri, gaayatri, sarasvati
vaahan hans, kamal pushp
is sandook ko: dekhein • samvaad •

hindu dharm
par ek shreni ka bhaag
Om
itihaas · devata
sampradaaya · aagam
vishvaas aur darshanashaastr
punarjanm · moksh
karm · pooja · maaya
darshan · dharm
vedaant ·yog
shaakaahaar · aayurved
yug · sanskaar
bhakti {{hindu darshan}}
granth
vedasanhita · vedaang
braahmanagranth · aaranyak
upanishd · shreemadbhagavadgeeta
raamaayan · mahaabhaarat
sootr · puraan
shikshaapatri · vachanaamrut
sambandhit vishay
daivi dharm ·
vishv mein hindu dharm
guru · mandir devasthaan
yagya · mantr
shabdakosh · hindu parv
vigrah
praveshadvaar: hindu dharm

HinduSwastika.svg
hindu maapan pranaali

brahma (sanskrut: brahm:) hindu ya sanaatan dharm ke anusaar srujan ke Dave hain.[1] hindu darshanashaastron mein 3 pramukh Dave bataaye gaye hai jismein brahma srushti ke sarjak, vishnu paalak aur mahesh vilay karne vaale devata hain.[2] vyaasalikhit puraanon mein brahma ka varnan kiya gaya hai ki unke chaar mukh hain, jo chaar dishaaon mein dekhte hain.[3] brahma ko svayanbhoo (swayam janm lene wala)[4] aur chaar vedon ka nirmaata bhi kaha jaata hai.[3][5] hindu mithk ke anusaar har ved brahma ke ek muainh se nikla tha.[3][5] gyaan, vidya, kala aur sangeet ki devi sarasvati brahma ki patni hain.[6] bahut se puraanon mein brahma ki rachanaatmak gatividhi unase bade kisi Dave ki maujoodagi aur shakti par nirbhar karti hai.[7]

ye hindu darshanashaastr ki param satya ki aadhyaatmik sankalpana brahman se alag hain.[8][9] brahman lingaheen hain parantu brahma puling hain.[8][9] praacheen granthon mein inka sammaan kiya jaata hai par inki pooja bahut kam hoti hai.[10][11] Bhaarat aur thaailaind mein in par samarpit mandir hain. Rajasthan ke pushkar ka brahma mandir[12] [13][14] aur bainkauk ka iraavan mandir (angreji: Erawan Shrine)[15][16] iske udaaharan hain.

anukram

vyutpatti

Karnataka ke somanaathapura mein 12 veen shataabdi ke chenaakesva mandir mein brahma ki moorti.

brahma ki utpatti ke vishay par varnan kiya gaya hai. brahma ki utpatti vishnu ki naabhi se nikle kamal mein svayanbhu hui thi. isne chaaro aur dekha jinki vajah se unke chaar mukh ho gaye. [17] bhaarateeya darshanashaastro mein nirgun, niraakaar aur sarvavyaapi maane jaane waali chetan shakti ke liye brahm shabd prayog kiya gaya hai. [18][19]inhe parabrahm ya param tatv bhi kaha gaya hai. poojaapaath karne vaalo ke liye braahman shabd prayog kiya gaya hai.

itihaas

vaidik saahitya

vishnu aur Shiv ke saath brahma ke sabse puraane ullekhon mein se ek pehli sahasraabdi isa poorv mein likhit maitraayani upanishd ke paanchave paath mein hai. brahma ka ullekh pehle kutsaayana stotr kahalaae jaane vaale chhand 5.1 mein hai. fir chhand 5.2 iski vyaakhya karta hai.[20][21]

sarveshvaravaadi kutsaayana stotr kehta hai[20] ki hamaari aatma brahman hai aur yeh param satya ya ishvar sabhi praaniyon ke bheetar maujood hai. yeh aatma ka brahma aur unki anya abhivyaktiyon ke saath is prakaar sameekaran karta hai: tum hi brahma ho, tum hi vishnu ho, tum hi rudra (Shiv) ho, tum hi agni, varun, vaayu, Indra ho, tum sab ho.[20][22]

chhand 5.2 mein vishnu aur Shiv ki tulana gun ki sankalpana se ki gayi hai. yeh kehta hai ki granth mein varnit gun, maanas aur janmajaat pravruttiyaaain sabhi praaniyon mein hoti hain.[22][23] maitri upanishd ka yeh adhyaaya daava karta hai ki brahmaand andhakaar (tapas) se ubhara hai. jo pehle aaveg (rajas) ke roop mein ubhara tha par baad mein pavitrata aur achhaai (sattv) mein badal gaya.[20][22] fir yeh brahma ki tulana rajas se is prakaar karta hai:[24]

fir usaka vo bhaag jo tamas hai, he pavitra gyaan ke vidyaarthiyon (brahmachaari), rudra hai.
usaka vo bhaag jo rajas hai, he pavitra gyaan ke vidyaarthiyon, brahma hai.
usaka vo bhaag jo sattv hai, he pavitra gyaan ke vidyaarthiyon, vishnu hai.
vaastav mein vo ek tha, vo teen ban gaya, aath, gyaarah, baarah aur asankhya ban gaya.
yeh sabke bheetar aa gaya, vo sabka adhipti ban gaya.
yahi aatma hai, bheetar aur baahar, haaain bheetar aur baahar.

—amaitri upanishd 5.2[20][22]

haalaaainki maitri upanishd brahma ki tulana hindu dharm ke gun siddhaant ke ek tatv se karta hai, par yeh unhein trimoorti ka bhaag naheen bataata hai. trimoorti ka ullekh baad ke puraanik saahitya mein milta hai.[25]

pauraanik saahitya

Bhagwat puraan mein kai baar kaha gaya hai ki brahma vah hai jo "kaaranon ke saagar" se ubharata hai..[26] yeh puraan kehta hai ki jis kshan samay aur brahmaand ka janm hua tha, usi kshan brahma hari (vishnu, jinki prashansa Bhagwat puraan ka mukhya uddeshya hai) ki naabhi se nikle ek kamal ke pushp se ubhare the. yeh puraan kehta hai ki brahma nidra mein hain, galati karte hain aur ve brahmaand ki rachana ke samay asthaayi roop se aksham the.[26] jab ve apni bhraanti aur nidra se avagat hue to unhonne ek tapasvi ki tarah tapasya ki, hari ko apne hrudaya mein apna liya, fir unhein brahmaand ke aarambh aur ant ka gyaan ho gaya, aur fir unki rachanaatmak shaktiyaan punarjeevit ho gain. Bhagwat puraan kehta hai ki iske baad unhonne prakruti aur purush: ko jod kar chakaachaundh kar dene waali praaniyon ki vividhta banaai.[26]

Bhagwat puraan maaya ke srujan ko bhi brahma ka kaam bataata hai. iska srujan unhonne keval srujan karne ki khaatir kiya. maaya se sab kuchh achhaai aur buraai, padaarth aur aadhyaatm, aarambh aur ant se rang gaya.[27]

puraan samay banaane vaale devata ke roop mein brahma ka varnan karte hain. ve maanav samay ki brahma ke samay ke saath tulana karte hain. ve kehte hain ki mahaakalp (jo ki ek bahut badi brahmaandeeya avadhi hai) brahma ke ek din aur ek raat ke baraabar hai.[28]

brahma ke baare mein vibhinn puraanon ki kathaaeain vividh aur visangat hain. udaaharan ke liye skand puraan mein paarvati ko "brahmaand ki janani" kaha gaya hai. yeh brahma, devataaon aur teenon lokon ko banaane ka shreya bhi paarvati ko deta hai. yeh kehta hai ki paarvati ne teenon gunon (sattv, rajas aur tapas) ko padaarth (prakruti) mein jod kar brahmaand ki rachana ki.[29]

pauraanik aur taantrik saahitya brahma ke rajas gun vaale Dave ke vaidik vichaar ko aage badhaata hai. yeh kehta hai ki unki patni sarasvati mein sattv (santulan, saamanjasya, ach‍aachhaai, pavitrata, samagrata, rachanaatmakata, sakaaraatmakata, shaantipoornata, nekata gun) hai. is prakaar ve brahma ke rajas (utsaah, sakriyta, na achhaai na buraai par kabhi-kabhi donon mein se koi ek, karmapradhaanata, vyaktivaad, prerit, gatisheelata gun) ko anupooran karti hain.[30][31][32]

sandarbh

  1. ↑ http://hindi.webdunia.com/sanatan-dharma-mahapurush/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF-112040700120_1.htm
  2. ↑ http://hindi.dadabhagwan.org/vaignanik-hal/adhyatmik-vignan/bhagwan-ki-pehchan/brahma,-vishnu,-mahesh/
  3. ↑ a aa i Bruce Sullivan (1999), Seer of the Fifth Veda: Kr̥aṣaṇaa Dvaipāayana Vyāasa in the Mahāabhāarata, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120816763, pages 85-86
  4. ↑ Alf Hiltebeitel (1999), Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0226340517, page 292
  5. ↑ a aa Barbara Holdrege (2012), Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-1438406954, pages 88-89
  6. ↑ http://bhajan-bhakti.in/hindu-temples-mandir/hindu-devotional/hindu-devi-devta-main/515-brahma-hindi
  7. ↑ Frazier, Jessica (2011). The Continuum companion to Hindu studies. London: Continuum. pp. 72. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 978-0-8264-9966-0.
  8. ↑ a aa James Lochtefeld, Brahman, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798, page 122
  9. ↑ a aa PT Raju (2006), Idealistic Thought of India, Routledge, ISBN 978-1406732627, page 426 and Conclusion chapter part XII
  10. ↑ http://m.khabar.ibnlive.com/news/dharm-karm/41963.html
  11. ↑ Brian Morris (2005), Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521852418, page 123
  12. ↑ http://aajtak.intoday.in/story/story-of-pushkar-about-brahma-and-savitri-1-750836.html
  13. ↑ http://www.shreebrahmajimandir.com/brahma_mandir_history.html
  14. ↑ SS Charkravarti (2001), Hinduism, a Way of Life, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120808997, page 15
  15. ↑ http://www.bangkok.com/shrines/erawan-shrine.htm
  16. ↑ Ellen London (2008), Thailand Condensed: 2,000 Years of History & Culture, Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 978-9812615206, page 74
  17. ↑ hemaadri sankalp, khand-1
  18. ↑ http://vishwahindusamaj.com/tatva2.htm
  19. ↑ http://www.shriprannathgyanpeeth.org/personality_of_lord_hi.htm
  20. ↑ a aa i E u Hume, Robert Ernest (1921), The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pa॰ 422–424
  21. ↑ Maitri Upanishad - Sanskrit Text with English Translation EB Cowell (Translator), Cambridge University, Bibliotheca Indica, page 255-256
  22. ↑ a aa i E Max Muller, The Upanishads, Part 2, Maitrayana-Brahmana Upanishad, Oxford University Press, pages 303-304
  23. ↑ Jan Gonda (1968), The Hindu Trinity, Anthropos, Vol. 63, pages 215-219
  24. ↑ Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 344-346
  25. ↑ GM Bailey (1979), Trifunctional Elements in the Mythology of the Hindu Trimūarti, Numen, Vol. 26, Fasc. 2, pages 152-163
  26. ↑ a aa i Richard Anderson (1967), Hindu Myths in Mallarmé: Un Coup de Déas, Comparative Literature, Vol. 19, No. 1, pages 28-35
  27. ↑ Richard Anderson (1967), Hindu Myths in Mallarmé: Un Coup de Déas, Comparative Literature, Vol. 19, No. 1, page 31-33
  28. ↑ Frazier, Jessica (2011). The Continuum companion to Hindu studies. London: Continuum. pp. 72. aai॰aऍsa॰abee॰aऍna॰ 978-0-8264-9966-0.
  29. ↑ Nicholas Gier (1997), The Yogi and the Goddess, International Journal of Hindu Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, pages 279-280
  30. ↑ H Woodward (1989), The Lakṣamaṇaa Temple, Khajuraho and Its Meanings, Ars Orientalis, Vol. 19, pages 30-34
  31. ↑ Alban Widgery (1930), The principles of Hindu Ethics, International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2, pages 234-237
  32. ↑ Joseph Alter (2004), Yoga in modern India, Princeton University Press, page 55
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