bhautik shaastr

bhautiki ke antargat bahut se praakrutik vigyaan aate hain

bhautik shaastr athva bhautiki, prakruti vigyaan ki ek vishaal shaakha hai. bhautiki ko paribhaasha karna kathin hai. kuchh vidvaanon ke mataanusaar yeh oorja vishyak vigyaan hai aur ismein oorja ke roopaantaran tatha uske dravya sambandhon ki vivechana ki jaati hai. iske dvaara praakrut jagat aur usaki bheetari kriyaaon ka adhyayan kiya jaata hai. sthaan, kaal, gati, dravya, vidyut, prakaash, ooshma tatha dhvani ityaadi anek vishay iski paridhi mein aate hain. yeh vigyaan ka ek pramukh vibhaag hai. iske siddhaant samooche vigyaan mein maanya hain aur vigyaan ke pratyek ang mein laagoo hote hain. iska kshetr vistrut hai aur iski seema nirdhaarit karna ati dushkar hai. sabhi vaigyaanik vishay alpaadhik maatra mein iske antargat aa jaate hain. vigyaan ki anya shaakhaayein ya to seedhe hi bhautik par aadhaarit hain, athva inke tathyon ko iske mool siddhaanton se sambaddh karne ka prayatn kiya jaata hai.

bhautiki ka mahatva isaliye bhi adhik hai ki abhiyaantriki tatha shilpavijnyaaan ki janmadaatri hone ke naate yeh is yug ke akhil saamaajik evam aarthik vikaas ki mool prerak hai. bahut pehle isko darshan shaastr ka ang maankar natural filausofi ya praakrutik darshanashaastr kehte the, kintu 1870 isvi ke lagbhag isko vartamaan naam bhautiki ya fijiks dvaara sambodhit karne lage. dheere-dheere yeh vigyaan unnati karta gaya aur is samay to iske vikaas ki teevr gati dekhkar, agraganya bhautik vijnyaaaniyon ko bhi aashcharya ho raha hai. dheere-dheere isse anek mahatvapoorn shaakhaaon ki utpatti hui, jaise raasaayanik bhautiki, taara bhautiki, jeevabhautiki, bhoobhautiki, naabhikeeya bhautiki, aakaasheeya bhautiki ityaadi.

bhautiki ka mukhya siddhaant "urja sanrakshan ka niyam" hai. iske anusaar kisi bhi dravyasamudaaya ki oorja ki maatra sthir hoti hai. samudaaya ki aantarik kriyaaon dvaara is maatra ko ghataana ya badhaana sambhav naheen. oorja ke anek roop hote hain aur usaka roopaantaran ho sakta hai, kintu usaki maatra mein kisi prakaar parivartan karna sambhav naheen ho sakta. aainstaain ke saapekshikta siddhaant ke anusaar dravyamaan bhi urja mein badla ja sakta hai. is prakaar oorja sanrakshan aur dravyamaan sanrakshan donon siddhaanton ka samanvaya ho jaata hai aur is siddhaant ke dvaara bhautiki aur rasaayan ek doosare se sambaddh ho jaate hain.

anukram

chirsammat bhautiki (klaasikl fijiks)

mukhya lekh : chirsammat bhautiki

bhautiki ko mote roop se do bhaagon mein vibhaajit kiya ja sakta hai. 1900 isvi se poorv jo bhautik gyaan arjit kiya gaya tha aur tatsanbandhi jo niyam tatha siddhaant pratipaadit kiye gaye the, unka samaavesh chirsammat bhautiki mein kiya gaya. us samay ki vichraadhaara ke preranaastrot gaililiyo (1564-1642 isveen) tatha nyootan (1642-1727) the. chirsammat bhautiki ko mukhyat: yaantriki (mikainiks), dhvaniki (akaustiks), ooshma, vidyutachunbakatv aur prakaashiki (optiks) mein vibhaajit kiya jaata hai. ye shaakhaayein engineering tatha shilp vigyaan ki aadhaarashilaayein hain aur bhautiki ki praarambhik shiksha inse hi shuroo ki jaati hai

aadhunik bhautiki

1900 isvi ke pashchaat anek kraantikaari tathya gyaat hue, jinko chirsammati bhautiki ke dhaaainche mein baithaana kathin hai. in naye tathyon ke adhyayan karne aur unki gutthiyon ko sulajhaane mein bhautiki ki jis shaakha ki utpatti hui, usako aadhunik bhautiki kehte hain. aadhunik bhautiki ka dravyasanrachana se seedha sambandh hai. anuparamaanu, keindrak (nyukliys) tatha mool kan inke mukhya vishay hain. bhautiki ki is naveen shaakha ne vaigyaanik vichaaradhaara ko naveen aur kraantikaari mod diya hai tatha isse samaajik vigyaan aur darshanashaastr bhi mahatvapoorn roop se prabhaavit hue hain.

bhautik shaastr ke pramukh kshetr

inhein bhi dekhein

baahari kadiyaaain



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