bhaarateeya tarkashaastr

yeh lekh ek aadhaar hai. aap ise badhaakar vikipeediya ki sahaayata kar sakte hain. the va b

'bhaarateeya tarkashaastr' se seemit arth mein 'nyaaya darshan' ka bodh hota hai. kintu adhik vyaapak arth mein ismein bauddh nyaaya aur jain nyaaya bhi samaavisht kiye jaate hain. sabse vyaapak roop mein bhaarateeya tarkashaastr se abhipraaya sabhi bhaarateeya vidvaanon dvaara pratipaadit sabhi taarkik (nyaayik) siddhaanton ke sammuchchaya se hai.

bhaarateeya tarkashaastr, vishv ke teen mool tarkashaastron mein se ek hai; anya do hain, yoonaani aur cheeni tarkashaastr. bhaarateeya tarkashaastr ki yeh parampara navyanyaaya ke roop mein aadhunik kaal ke aarambhik dinon tak jaari rahi.

Bhaarat mein tarkashaastr ki parampara bahut puraani hai. yeh kam se kam 6thi shataabdi isha poorv mein medhaatithi Gautam ke aanvikshiki (shaabdik arth : 'anveshan vidya') se aarambh hoti hai. isi parampara mein paanini ke sanskrut vyaakaran ke niyam (5veen shati ishaapoorv); ishaapoorv doosari shati ka vaisheshik sampradaaya; doosari shataabdi ishaapoorv mein nyaaya darshan ke praneta Gautam dvaara pramaanon (inference) ka vishd vishleshan; tatha doosari shataabdi ishaapoorv naagaarjun ki chatushkoti (tetralemma) ullekhaneeya hain.

bhaarateeya naiyaayik (tarkashaastri) evam unki krutiyaaain

bhaarateeya tarkashaastr ka itihaas 23 shataabdiyon mein pasara hua hai. bhaarateeya nyaayikon ki prakaashit evam aprakaashit (praapya ya apraapya) krutiyon ki sankhya bhi vishaal hai. pashchimi bhaashaaon mein ya achhe haalat mein paart rachanaaon ki sankhya kul rachanaaon ki sankhya ka ek chhota bhaag hi hai.

bhaarateeya tarkashaastr ke itihaas ke liye jise paaainch bhaagon mein baant sakte hain -

1) vyaakaran - paanini aadi ke dvaara viksit ; is vyaakaran ke atyant parishkrut tarkapoorn niyamon ne baad ke adhikaansh vidvataapoorn kaaryon par apni chhaap chhodi.

2) meemaansa

3) vaisheshik evam puraana nyaaya

4) bauddh nyaaya

5) navyanyaaya

• bhaarateeya darshan
• tantrayukti
• akshapaad

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• Indian Logic for AI system Design : Presented at Vijnan Bharati Seminar at IISc- Bangalore in 2006
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