bhaarateeya sangeet

hindustaani sangeet sabha ka durlabh chitr

sangeet ka rasaasvaadan karti hue ek stri (Punjab 1750)

bhaarateeya sangeet ka praarambh vaidik kaal se bhi poorv ka hai.''''bhaarateeya sangeet praacheen kaal se Bhaarat me suna aur viksit hota sangeet hai. is sangeet ka mool srot vedon ko maana jaata hai. hindu parampara me aisa maanana hai ki brahma ne naarad muni ko sangeet varadaan mein diya tha.

pandit shaarangadev krut "sangeet ratnaakar" granth me bhaarateeya sangeet ki paribhaasha "geetam,vaadayam tatha nrutyan trayam sangeet muchyate" kaha gaya hai! gaayan, vaadya vaadan evam nrutya; teenon kalaaon ka samaavesh sangeet shabd mein maana gaya hai! teeno svatantr kala hote hue bhi ek doosare ki poorak hai! bhaarateeya sangeet ki do prakaar prachalit hai; pratham Karnataka sangeet, jo dakshin bhaarateeya raajyon mein prachalit hai aur hindustaani sangeet shesh Bhaarat mein lokapriya hai! bhaaratavarsh ki saari sabhyataaon mein sangeet ka bada mahatva raha hai! dhaarmik evam saamaajik paranparaaon mein sangeet ka prachalan praacheen kaal se raha hai! is roop mein, sangeet bhaarateeya sanskruti ki aatma maani jaati hai! vaidik kaal mein adhyaatmik sangeet ko maargi tatha lok sangeet ko deshi kaha jaata tha! kaalaantar mein yahi shaastreeya aur lok sangeet ke roop mein dikhta hai!(sangeetesh)

vaidik kaal mein saamaved ke mantron ka uchchaaran us samay ke vaidik saptak ya saamagaan ke anusaar saaton svaron ke prayog ke saath kiya jaata tha. guroo-shishya parampara ke anusaar, shishya ko guroo se vedon ka gyaan maukhik hi praapt hota tha va un mein kisi prakaar ke parivartan ki sambhaavana se manaahi thi. is tarah praacheen samay mein vedon va sangeet ka koi likhit roop na hone ke kaaran unka mool svaroop lupt hota gaya.

bhaarateeya sangeet mein saat shuddh svar hai.

• shadj (sa)
• rishabh (re)
• gandhaar (g)
• madhyam (m)
• pancham (p)
• dhaivat (dh)
• nishaad (ni)

shuddh svar se upar ya neeche vikrut svar aate hai. sa aur p ke koi vikrut svar nahi hote. re, g, dh aur ni ke vikrut svar neeche hote hai aur unhe komal' kaha jaata hai. m ka vikrut svar upar hota hai aur use teevr kaha jaata hai. samakaaleen bhaarateeya shaastreeya sangeet mein jyaadaatar yeh baarah svar istamaal kiye jaate hai. puraatan kaal se hi bhaarateeya svar saptak samvaad-siddh hai. maharshi bharat ne isi ke aadhaar par 22 shrutiyon ka pratipaadan kiya tha jo keval bhaarateeya shaastreeya sangeet ki hi visheshata hai.

bhaarateeya sangeet ko saamaanyat: 3 bhaagon mein baaainta ja sakta hai:

• shaastreeya sangeet - isko 'maarg' bhi kehte hain.
• upashaastreeya sangeet
• sugam sangeet

bhaarateeya shaastreeya sangeet ki do pramukh paddhatiyaan hain -

hindustaani sangeet - jo uttar Bhaarat mein prachalit hua.

Karnataka sangeet - jo dakshin Bhaarat mein prachalit hua.

hindustaani sangeet mugal baadashaahon ki chhatrachhaaya mein viksit hua aur Karnataka sangeet dakshin ke mandiron mein. isi kaaran dakshin bhaarateeya krutiyon mein bhakti ras adhik milta hai aur hindustaani sangeet mein shrrungaar ras.

upashaastreeya sangeet mein thumari, tappa, hori, kajari aadi aate hain.

sugam sangeet janasaadhaaran mein prachalit hai jaise -

• bhajan
• bhaarateeya film sangeet
• gjl
• bhaarateeya paup (Pop) sangeet
• lok sangeet

• bhaarateeya sangeet ka itihaas
• sangeet naatak academy

• sangeet sambandhi vividh lekh (sangeet galaxy)
• bharat ka naatyashaastr aur anya sangeet granth
• sangeet shaastr ka parichay (tanarang)
• bhaarateeya sangeet mein s‍aatriyon ka yogadaan
• aseemit hindi sangeet
• India Radio
• omanaad par sangeet charcha
• bhaarateeya sangeet vaadya: sitaar
• A Glossary of Indian Music Terms
• OVERVIEW OF INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC
• sanskruti aur parampara ka vaibhav hai bhaarateeya sangeet (mahaamediya)
• Us Archieve of Indian Music