bhaarateeya janta party
| bhaarateeya janta party | |
|---|---|
| dal adhyaksh | amit shaah |
| mahaasachiv | raamalaal |
| sansadeeya dal adhyaksh | Narendra Modi (pradhaanamantri) |
| neta Loksabha | Narendra Modi (pradhaanamantri) |
| gathan | 1980 |
| mukhyaalaya | 11, ashok road, nai Delhi - 110001 |
| gathabandhan | raashtreeya janataantrik gathabandhan |
| Loksabha me seaton ki sankhya |
280 / 545
|
| Rajyasabha me seaton ki sankhya |
47 / 245
|
| vichaaradhaara |
hindutv hindu raashtravaad aarthik udaareekaran akhand maanavataavaad |
| prakaashan | kamal sandesh |
| rang | bhagava, geruaa |
| jaalasthal | BJP dot org |
| Election symbol | |
|
Bhaarat ki raajaneeti raajanaitik dal chunaav |
|
bhaarateeya janta party athva bhaajapa Bhaarat ke sabse bade raajaneetik dalon mein se ek hai. 2014 tak [update] bhaarateeya janta party bhaarateeya sansad mein sadasyon ke hisaab se sabse badi party hai jabki vibhinn raajya vidhaan sabhaaon mein yeh doosari sabse badi party hai. March 2015 mein yeh vishv ki sarvaadhik sadasya-sankhya waali party ban gayi.[1] iska vaichaarik aur saangathanik dhaaaincha hindu raashtravaadi raashtreeya swayamsevak sangh se juda hua hai.
anukram
parichay
bhaarateeya janta party ka mool shyaamaaprasaad mukharji dvaara 1951 mein nirmit bhaarateeya janasangh hai. 1977 mein aapaatakaal ki samaapti ke baad janta party ke nirmaan hetu janasangh anya dalon ke saath vilay ho gaya. isse 1977 mein padasth Congress party ko 1977 ke aam chunaavon mein haraana sambhav hua. teen varshon tak sarkaar chalaane ke baad 1980 mein janta party vightit ho gayi aur poorv janasangh ke padachihnon ko punarsanyojit karte huye bhaarateeya janta party ka nirmaan kiya gaya. yadyapi shuruaat mein party asafal rahi aur 1984 ke aam chunaavon mein keval do Loksabha seatein jeetne mein safal rahi. iske baad Ram janmabhoomi aandolan ne party ko taakat di. kuchh raajyon mein chunaav jeetate huye aur raashtreeya chunaavon mein achha pradarshan karte huye 1996 mein party bhaarateeya sansad mein sabse bade dal ke roop mein ubhari. ise sarkaar banaane ke liye aamantrit kiya gaya jo 13 din chali.
1998 mein aam chunaavon ke baad bhaajapa ke netrutv mein raashtreeya janataantrik gathabandhan (raajag) ka nirmaan hua aur atal bihaari Vajpayee ke netrutv mein sarkaar bani jo ek varsh tak chali. iske baad aam-chunaavon mein raajag ko pun: poorn bahumat mila aur atal bihaari Vajpayee ke netrutv mein sarkaar ne apna kaaryakaal poorn kiya. is prakaar poorn kaaryakaal karne waali pehli gair Congressi sarkaar bani. 2004 ke aam chunaav mein bhaajapa ko karaari haar ka saamana karna pada aur agale 10 varshon tak bhaajapa ne sansad mein mukhya vipakshi dal ki bhoomika nibhaai. 2014 ke aam chunaavon mein raajag ko Gujarat ke lambe samay se chale aa rahe mukhyamantri Narendra Modi ke netrutv mein bhaari jeet mili aur 2014 mein sarkaar ka banaayi. iske alaava July 2014 ke anusaar party paanch raajyon mein sata mein hai.
bhaajapa ki kathit vichaaradhaara "ekaatm maanavavaad" sarvapratham 1965 mein deenadayaal upaadhyaaya ne di thi. party hindutv ke liye pratibaddhata vyakt karti hai aur neetiyaaain aitihaasik roop se hindu raashtravaad ki pakshadhar rahi hain. party saamaajik roodhivaad ki samarthak hai aur iski videsh neeti raashtravaadi siddhaanton par kendrit hain. Jammu aur Kashmir ke liye vishesh samvaidhaanik darja khtm karna, ayodhya mein Ram mandir ka nirmaan karna tatha sabhi bhaarateeyon ke liye samaan naagarikta kaanoon ka kaaryaanvayan karna bhaajapa ke mukhya mudde hain. haalaanki 1998-2004 ki raajag sarkaar ne kisi bhi vivaadaaspad mudde ko naheen chhuaa aur iske sthaan par vaishveekaran par aadhaarit aarthik neetiyon tatha saamaajik kalyaanakaari aarthik vruddhi par kendrit rahi.
mukhapatr
'kamal sandesh' bhaarateeya janta party ka mukhapatr hai. shri prabhaat jha iske sampaadak hain aur shri sanjeev Kumar sinha sahaayak sampaadak.
itihaas
bhaarateeya janasangh
janasangh ke naam se prasiddh bhaarateeya janasangh ki sthaapana dau॰ shyaama prasaad mukharji ne prabal Congress ke party ke dharmanirpeksh raajaneeti ke pratyuttar mein raashtravaad ke samarthan mein 1951 mein ki thi. ise vyaapak roop mein raashtreeya swayamsevak sangh (aara॰aesa॰aesa॰) ki raajaneetik shaakha ke roop mein jaana jaata tha,[2] jo svaichhik roop se hindu raashtravaadi sanghatan hai aru jiska uddeshya bhaarateeya ki "hindu" saanskrutik pehchaan ko sanrakshit karna aur Congress tatha pradhaanamantri Jawahar laal Nehru ke muslim aur Pakistan ko lekar tushteekaran ko rokana tha.[3]
janasangh ka pratham abhiyaan Jammu aur Kashmir ka Bhaarat mein poorn vilay ke liye aandolan tha. mukharji ko Kashmir mein prativaad ka netrutv naheen karne ke aadesh mile the. aadeshon ka ullanghan karne ke aarop mein unhein girfataar kar liya gaya jinka kuchh maah baad dil ka daura padne se jail mein hi nidhan ho gaya. sanghatan ka netrutv deenadayaal upaadhyaaya ko mila aur antat: agali peedhi ke netaaon jaise atal bihaari baajapeyi aur Lal Krishna Advani ko mila. haalaanki, upaadhyaaya sahit bade paimaane par party kaaryakarta aara॰aesa॰aesa॰ ke samarthak the. Kashmir aandolan ke virodh ke baavajood 1952 mein pehle Loksabha chunaavon mein janasangh ko Loksabha mein teen seatein praapt hui. vo 1967 tak sansad mein alpamat mein rahe. is samay tak party kaaryasoochi ke mukhya vishay sabhi bhaarateeyon ke liye samaan naagarikta kaanoon, gohatya par pratibandh lagaana aur Jammu evam Kashmir ke liye diya vishesh darja khatm karna the.[4][5][6]
1967 mein deshbhar ke vidhaanasabha chunaavon mein party, svatantr party aur samaajavaadiyon sahit anya paartiyon ke saath madhya pradesh, Bihar aur uttar pradesh sahit vibhinn hindi bhaashi raajyon mein gathabandhan sarkaar banaane mein safal rahi. isse baad janasangh ne pehli baar raajaneetik kaaryaalaya chihnit kiya, yadyapi yeh gathabandhan mein tha. raajaneetik gathabandhan ke gunadharmon ke kaaran sangh ke adhik kattarpanthi kaaryasoochi ko thande baste mein daalna pada.[7]
janta party (1977-80)
1975 mein pradhaanamantri indira Gandhi ne desh mein aapaatakaal laagoo kar diya. janasangh ne iske viroodh vyaapak virodh aarambh kar diya jisse deshbhar mein iske hajron kaaryakartaaon ko jail mein daal diya gaya. 1977 mein aapaatakaal khtm hua aur iske baad aam chunaav huye. is chunaav mein janasangh ka bhaarateeya lok dal, Congress (O) aur samaajavaadi party ke saath vilay karke janta party ka nirmaan kiya gaya aur iska pramukh uddeshya chunaavon mein indira Gandhi ko haraana tha.[8]
1977 ke aam chunaav mein janta party ko vishaal safalta mili aur moraaraji Desai ke netrutv mein sarkaar bani. upaadhyaaya ke 1967 mein nidhan ke baad janasangh ke adhyaksh atal bihaari baajapeyi bane the at: unhein is sarkaar mein videsh mantraalaya ka kaaryabhaar mila. haalaanki, vibhinn dalon mein shakti saajha karne ko lekar vivaadabadhne lage aur dhaai varsh baad Desai ko apne pad se tyaagapatr dena pada. gathabandhan ke ek kaaryakaal ke baad 1980 mein aam chunaav karavaaye gaye.[9]
bhaajapa (1980 se abatak)
sthaapana aur shurooaati din
bhaarateeya janta party 1980 mein janta party ke vightan ke baad navanirmit paartiyon mein se ek thi. yadyapi takaniki roop se yeh janasangh ka hi doosra roop tha, iske adhiktar kaaryakarta iske poorvavarti the aur Vajpayee ko iska pratham adhyaksh banaaya gaya. itihaasakaar raamachandr guha likhte hain ki janta sarkaar ke bheetar guteeya yuddhon ke baavajood, iske kaaryakaal mein aara॰aesa॰aesa॰ ke prabhaav ko badhte huye dekha gaya jise 1980 A poorvaarddh ki saampradaayik hinsa ki ek lahar dvaara chihnit kiya jaata hai.[10] is samarthan ke baavajood, bhaajapa ne shurooaat mein apne poorvavarti hindu raashtravaad ka rukh kiya iska vyaapak prasaar kiya. unki yeh rananeeti asafal rahi aur 1984 ke Loksabha chunaav mein bhaajapa ko keval do Loksabha seaton se santosh karna pada.[11] chunaavon se kuchh samay pehle hi indira Gandhi ki hatya hone ke baad bhi kaafi sudhaar naheen dekha gaya aur Congress rikord seaton ke saath jeet gayi.[12]
prabhaavashaali vyaktitv
baabari masjid vidhvans aur hindutv aandolan
Vajpayee ke netrutv waali udaaravaadi rananeeti abhiyaan ke asafal hone ke baad party ne hindutv aur hindu kattaravaad ka poorn kattarata ke saath paalan karne ka nirnaya liya.[11][13] 1984 mein Advani ko party adhyaksh niyukt kiya gaya aur unke netrutv mein bhaajapa Ram janmabhoomi aandolan ki raajaneetik aavaaj bani. 1980 ke dashak ke poorvaarddh mein vishv hindu parishad (vihip) ne ayodhya mein baabari masjid ke sthaan par hindu devata Ram ka mandir nirmaan ke uddeshya se ek abhiyaan ki shurooaat ki thi. yahaaain masjid ka nirmaan mugl baadshah baabar ne karavaaya tha aur ispar vivaad hai ki pehle yahaaain mandir tha.[14] aandolan ka aadhaar yeh tha ki yeh kshetr Ram ki janmabhoomi hai aur yahaaain par masjid nirmaan ke uddeshya se baabar ne mandir ko dhvast karavaaya.[15] bhaajapa ne is abhiyaan ka samarthan aarambh kar diya aur ise apne chunaavi abhiyaan ka hissa banaaya. aandolan ki taakat ke saath bhaajapa ne 1989 ke lok sabha chunaavon 86 seatein praapt ki aur samaan vichaaradhaara waali national fraunt ki vishvanaath prataap Singh sarkaar ka mahatvapoorn samarthan kiya.[16]
sitmbar 1990 mein Advani ne Ram mandir aandolan ke samarthan mein ayodhya ke liye "rath yaatra" aarambh ki. yaatra ke kaaran hone vaale dango ke kaaran Bihar sarkaar ne Advani ko girftaar kar liya lekin kar sevak aur sangh parivaar kaaryakarta fir bhi ayodhya pahuainch gaye aur baabari masjid ke vidhvans ke liye hamla kar diya.[17] iske parinaamasvaroop arddhasainik balon ke saath ghamaasaan ladaai hui jismein kai kar sevak maare gaye. bhaajapa ne vishvanaath prataapasinh sarkaar se samarthan vaapas le liya aur ek naye chunaav ke liye taiyaar ho gayi. in chunaavon mein bhaajapa ne apni shakti ko aur badhaaya aur 120 seaton par vijay praapt ki tatha uttar pradesh mein sabse bade dal ke roop mein ubhari.[17]
6 December 1992 ko raashtreeya swayam sevak sangh aur isse jude sangathanon ki rally ne, jismein hajaaron bhaajapa aur vihip kaaryakarta bhi shaamil the ne masjid kshetr par hamla kar diya.[17] poornat: aspasht aalaat mein yeh rally ek unmaadi hamle ke roop mein viksit hui aur baabari masjid vidhvans ke saath iska ant hua.[17] iske kai saptaah baad deshbhar mein hindu evam muslimon mein hinsa bhadak uthi jismein 2,000 se adhik log maare gaye.[17] vihip ko kuchh samay ke liye sarkaar dvaara pratibndhit kar diya gaya aur Lal Krishna Advani sahit vibhinn bhaajapa netaaon ko vidhvans uttejak bhadkaaoo bhaashan dene ke kaaran girftaar kiya gaya.[18][19] kai pramukh itihaasakaaron ke anusaar vidhvans sangh parivaar ke shadayantr ka parinaam tha aur yeh mahaj ek sfoort ghatna naheen thi.[17]
nyaayamoorti Manmohan Singh librahaan dvaara likhit 2009 ki ek rapat ke anusaar baabari masjid vidhvans mein mukhyat: bhaajapa netaaon sahit 68 log jimmedaar paaye gaye.[19] inmein Vajpayee, Advani aur murali manohar Joshi bhi shaamil hain. masjid vidhvans ke samay uttar pradesh ke tatkaaleen mukhyamantri kalyaan Singh ki rapat mein kathor aalochna ki gayi hai.[19] unapar aarop lagaaya gaya hai ki unhonne aise naukarashaahon aur police adhikaariyon ko ayodhya mein niyukt kiya jo masjid vidhvans ke samay chup rahein.[19] bhaarateeya police seva ki adhikaari aur vidhvans ke din Advani ki tatkaaleen sachiv anju gupta aayog ke saamane pramukh gavaah ke roop mein aayi. unke anusaar Advani aur Joshi ne uttejak bhaashan diye jisse bheed ke vyavahaar par prabal prabhaav pada.[20]
1996 ke sansadeeya chunaavon mein saampradaayik dhruveekaran par kendrit rahi jisse Loksabha mein 161 seatein jeetkar sabse bade dal ke roop mein ubhari.[21] Vajpayee ko pradhaanamantri ke roop mein shapath dilaai gayi lekin vo Loksabha mein bahumat paane mein asafal rahe aur keval 13 din baad hi unhein tyaagapatr dena pada.[21]
raajag sarkaar (1998-2004)
1996 mein kuchh kshetriya dalon ne milkar sarkaar gathit ki lekin yeh saamooheekaran laghukaalik raha aur ardhakaal mein hi 1998 mein chunaav karavaane pade. bhaajapa raashtreeya janataantrik gathabandhan (raajag) naamak gathabandhan ke saath chunaav maidaan mein utari jismein iske poorvavareet sahaayak jaise samata party, shiromani akaali dal aur Shiv sena shaamil the aur iske saath all indiya anna Dravid munetr kadgam (anna dramuk) aur Biju janta dal bhi ismein shaamil thi. in kshetriya dalon mein Shiv sena ko chhodkar bhaajapa ki vichaaradhaara kisi bhi dal se naheen milti thi; udaaharan ke liye amartya sen ne ise "anaupachaarik" (Ed-hauk) saamoohikran kaha tha.[22][23] baharahaal, telugu desham party (tedepa) ke baahar se samarthan ke saath raajag ne bahumat praapt kiya aur Vajpayee pun: pradhaanamantri bane.[24] haalaanki, gathabandhan 1999 mein us samay toot gaya jab anna dramuk neta jayalalita ne samarthan vaapas le liya aur iske parinaamasvaroop pun: aam chunaav huye.
13 October 1999 ko bhaajapa ke netrutv vaale raajag ko bina anna dramuk ke poorn samarthan mila aur sansad mein 303 seaton ke saath poorn bahumat praapt kiya. bhaajapa ne abatak ka sarvashresht pradarshan karte huye 183 seaton par vijay praapt ki. Vajpayee teesari bar pradhaanamantri bane aur Advani up-pradhaanamantri tatha gruhamantri bane. is bhaajapa sarkaar ne apna paanch varsh kaaryakaal poorn kiya. yeh sarkaar vaishveekaran par aadhaarit aarthik neetiyon tatha saamaajik kalyaanakaari aarthik vruddhi par kendrit rahi.[26]
2001 mein bangaaroo Lakshman bhaajapa adhyaksh bane jinhein 
1,00,000 (US$1,460) ki ghus sveekaar karte huye dikhaaya gaya[27] jismein unhein raksha mantraalaya se sambandhit kuchh khariddaari samjhauton ki tahalaka patrakaar ne chitrit kiya.[28][29] bhaajapa ne unhein pad chhodne ko majaboor kiya aur uske baad unapar mukadama bhi chala. apraila 2012 mein unhein chaar varsh jail ki saja sunaai gayi jinka 1 March 2014 ko nidhan ho gaya.[30]
2002 ke Gujarat dange
27 fravari 2002 ko hindu teerthayaatriyon ko le ja rahi ek relagaadi ko godhara kasbe ke baahar aag laga di gayi jismein 59 log maare gaye. is ghatna ko hinduon par hamle ke roop mein dekha gaya aur isne Gujarat raajya mein bhaari maatra mein muslim-virodhi hinsa ko janm diya jo kai saptaah tak chali.[31] kuchh anumaanon ke anusaar ismein marne vaalon ki sankhya 2000 tak pahuainch gayi jabki 150,000 log visthaapit ho gaye.[32] balaatkaar, angabhang aur yaatana bhi bade paimaane par huye.[32][33] Gujarat ke mukhyamantri Narendra Modi aur anya sarkaar ke uchch-padasth adhikaariyon par hinsa aarambh karne aur ise jaari rakhane ke aarop lage kyonki kuchh adhikaariyon ne kathit taur par dangaaiyon ka nirdeshan kiya aur unhein muslim svaamitv waali sampattiyon ki soochi di.[34] April 2009 mein sarvochya nyaayaalaya ne Gujarat dange maamale ki jaaainch karne aur usamein teji laane ke liye ek vishesh jaaainch dal (esa॰aaai॰atee॰) ghatit kiya. san 2012 mein Modi esa॰aaai॰atee॰ ne Modi ko dangon mein lipt naheen paaya lekin bhaajapa vidhaayak maaya kodanaani doshi paaya jo Modi mantrimndal mein cabinet mantri rah chuki hain. kodanaani ko iske liye 28 varsh ki jail ki saja sunaai gayi.[35][36] paul braas, maratha nussabaum aur deepaankar gupta jaise shodhaarthiyon ke anusaar in ghatnaaon mein raajya sarkaar ki uchch star ki mileebhagat thi.[37][38][39]
2004, 2009 ke aam chunaavon mein haar
Vajpayee ne 2004 mein chunaav samay se chh: maah pehle hi karavaaye. raajag ka abhiyaan "India shaaining" (udaya Bhaarat) ke naare ke saath shuroo hua jismein raajag sarkaar ko desh mein teji se aarthik badlaav ka shreya diya gaya.[40] haalaanki, raajag ko apratyaasit haar ka samaana karna pada aur Loksabha mein Congress ke gathabandhan ke 222 seaton ke saamane keval 186 seaton par hi jeet mili. sanyukt pragatisheel gathabandhan (samprag) ke mukhiya ke roop mein Manmohan Singh ne Vajpayee ka sthaan grahan kiya. raajag ki asafalata ka kaaran Bhaarat ke graameen kshetron tak pahuainchane mein asafal hona aur vibhaajanakaari rananeeti ko bataaya gaya.[40][41]
May 2008 mein bhaajapa ne Karnataka raajya chunaavo mein jeet darj ki. yeh pratham samay tha jab party ne kisi dakshin bhaarateeya raajya mein chunaavi jeet darj ki ho. haalaanki, isne 2013 mein agale vidhaanasabha chunaavon mein ise kho diya. 2009 ke aam chunaavo mein iski Loksabha mein kshamata ghatate huye 116 seaton tak simit rah gayi.[42]
2014 ke aam chunaavon mein jeet
2014 ke aam chunaavon mein bhaajapa ne 282 seaton par jeet praapt ki aur iske netrutv vaale raajag ko 543 Loksabha seaton mein se 336 seaton par jeet praapt hui.[43] yeh 1984 ke baad pehli baar tha ki bhaarateeya sansad mein kisi ek dal ko poorn bahumat mila.[44] bhaajapa sansadeeya dal ke neta Narendra Modi ko 26 May 2014 ko Bhaarat ke 15vein pradhaanamantri ke roop mein shapath dilaai gayi.[45][46]
aam chunaavon mein
bhaarateeya janaata party ka nirmaan aadhikaarik roop se 1980 mein hua aur iske baad pratham aam chunaav 1984 mein huye jismein party keval do Loksabha seete jeet saki. iske baad 1996 ke chunaavon tak aate-aate party pehli baar Loksabha mein sabse bade dal ke roop mein ubhari lekin iske dvaara banaayi gayi sarkaar kuchh hi samay tak chali.[21] 1998 aur 1999 ke chunaavon mein yeh sabse bade dal ke roop mein rahi aur dono baar gathabandhan sarkaar banaai.[47] 2014 ke chunaavon mein sansad mein akele poorn bahumat praapt kiya. 1991 ke baad bhaajapa ke baad jab bhi bhaajapa sarkaar mein naheen thi tab pramukh vipaksh ki bhoomika nibhaai.[48]
| varsh | aam chunaav | vijit seatein | seaton mein parivartan | % vote | vote utaar-chadhaav | sandarbh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1984 | aathaveen lok sabha | 2 |
 2 |
7.74 | – | [49] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1989 | naunvi lok sabha | 85 |
83 |
11.36 |
3.62 |
[50] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1991 | dasavi lok sabha | 120 |
37 |
20.11 |
8.75 |
[51] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1996 | gyaarahaveen lok sabha | 161 |
41 |
20.29 |
0.18 |
[52] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1998 | baarahavi lok sabha | 182 |
21 |
25.59 |
5.30 |
[53] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 1999 | terahavi lok sabha | 182 |
0 |
23.75 |
 1.84 |
[54] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 2004 | chaudahaveen Loksabha | 138 |
45 |
22.16 |
1.69 |
[55] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 2009 | pandrahaveen Loksabha | 116 |
22 |
18.80 |
3.36 |
[55] |
| bhaarateeya aam chunaav, 2014 | solahaveen lok sabha | 282 |
166 |
31.00 |
12.2 |
[56] |
vichaaradhaara aur raajaneetik pad
saamaajik neetiyon aur hindutv
bhaajapa ki aadhikaarik vichaaradhaara "ekaatm maanavavaad" hai.[57]
sangathanaatmak sanrachana
bhaajapa sangathan theek roop se shreneebaddh hai jismein adhyaksh party sarvaadhikaar rakhata hai.[57] varsh 2012 tak bhaajapa samvidhaan mein yeh anivaarya kiya gaya ki koi bhi yogya sadasya teen varsh ke kaaryakaal ke liye raashtreeya athva raajya stareeya adhyaksh ban sakta hai.[57] varsh 2012 mein yeh sanshodhan bhi kiya gaya ki teen varsh ke lagaataar adhiktam do kaaryakaal poorn kiye ja sakte hain.[58] adhyaksh ke baad raashtreeya kaaryakaarini hogi jismein parivrtaneeya maatra mein kuchh deshbhar se varishth neta hote hain aur yeh kaaryakaarini party ki uchch star ke nirnaya lene ki kshamata rakhati hai. iske sadasyon mein se kuchh upaadhyaksh, mahaasachiv, koshaadhyaksh aur sachiv hote hain jo seedhe adhyaksh ke saath kaam karte hain.[57] isi ke anuroop saranchana adhyaksh ke netrutv waali kaaryakaarini raajya, kshetriya, jila aur sthaaneeya star par bhi hogi.[57]
bhaajapa vishaal dhaaainche wala dal hai. iske samaan vichaaradhaara vaale anya sangathanon ke saath sambandh rahate hain jaise raashtreeya swayam sevak sangh aur vishv hindu parishad. iska samoohon ka dhaaaincha bhaajapa ka poorak ho sakta hai aur iske saamaanya kaaryakarta aara॰aesa॰aesa॰ athva isse jude sangathanon se vyutpann athva shithilt: kaha jaaye to sangh parivaar se sambandh ho sakte hain.[57]
bhaajapa ke anya sahayogiyon mein akhil bhaarateeya vidyaarthi parishad (ebeeveepi) shaamil hai jismein RSS ki chhaatra ikaai, bhaarateeya kisaan sangh, unki kisaan shaakha, bhaarateeya majadoor sangh aur RSS se sambaddh majdoor sangh bhi shaamil hain. bhaajapa ke anya sahaayak sanghathan bhi hain jaise bhaajapa alpasankhyak morcha iska alpasankhyak bhaag hai.[57]
pradhaanamantriyon ki soochi
| kra॰asan॰ | pradhaanamantri | varsh | kaaryakaal | chunaav kshetr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | atal bihaari Vajpayee | 1996, 1998–04 | 6 varsh | Lucknow |
| 2 | Narendra Modi | 2014 | padasth | Varanasi |
party adhyakshon ki soochi
| kramaank | varsh | naam | tippani | sandarbh | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1980–86 |  |
atal bihaari Vajpayee | [59] | |
| 2 | 1986–91 |  |
Lal Krishna Advani | pratham kaaryakaal | [59] |
| 3 | 1991–93 |  |
murali manohar Joshi | [59] | |
| (2) | 1993–98 | |
Lal Krishna Advani | doosra kaaryakaal | [59] |
| 4 | 1998–2000 | kushaabhaaoo Thackeray | [59] | ||
| 5 | 2000–01 | bangaaroo Lakshman | [59] | ||
| 5 | 2001–02 |  |
jan krushnamoorti | [59] | |
| 6 | 2002–04 |  |
Venkaiya Naidu | [59] | |
| (2) | 2004–06 | |
Lal Krishna Advani | teesara kaaryakaal | [59] |
| 7 | 2006–09 | Rajnath Singh | pehla kaaryakaal | [59] | |
| 8 | 2009–13 |  |
nitin gadkari | [59] | |
| (7) | 2013–14 | Rajnath Singh | doosra kaaryakaal | [59] | |
| 9 | 2014–vartamaan | amit shaah | [60] | ||
inhein bhi dekhein
tippani aur srot
- sandarbh
- ↑ kaise bani bhaajapa bani duniya ki 'sabse badi party' (BBC hindi)
- ↑ nooraani 1978, pa॰ 216.
- ↑ guha 2007, pa॰ 136.
- ↑ guha 2007, pa॰ 250.
- ↑ guha 2007, pa॰ 413.
- ↑ Guha 2007, pa॰ 352.
- ↑ guha 2007, pp. 427–428.
- ↑ guha 2007, pa॰ 136.
- ↑ guha 2007, pp. 538-540.
- ↑ guha 2007, pp. 563–564.
- ↑ a aa malik & Singh 1992, pp. 318-336.
- ↑ Guha 2007, pa॰ 579.
- ↑ pai 1996, pp. 1170–1183.
- ↑ jha 2003.
- ↑ flint 2005, pa॰ 165.
- ↑ guha 2007, pp. 582–598.
- ↑ a aa i E u oo guha 2007, pp. 633-659.
- ↑ NDTV 2012.
- ↑ a aa i E al jajeera 2009.
- ↑ veinkatesan 2005.
- ↑ a aa i guha 2007, pa॰ 633.
- ↑ jons 2013.
- ↑ sen 2005, pa॰ 254.
- ↑ redif dot com 1998.
- ↑ etaaims 2001.
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- ↑ outlook 2012.
- ↑ kattakaayam 2012.
- ↑ indiya tude 2001.
- ↑ tahalaka 2011.
- ↑ ghassem-fachandi 2012, pp. 1-31.
- ↑ a aa jaffaralaut 2013, pa॰ 16.
- ↑ harris 2012.
- ↑ Krishnan 2012.
- ↑ Hindustan times 2014.
- ↑ NDTV dot com 2012.
- ↑ braas 2005, pp. 385-393.
- ↑ gupta 2011, pa॰ 252.
- ↑ nussabaum 2008, pa॰ 2.
- ↑ a aa ramesh 2004.
- ↑ the hindu 2004.
- ↑ Hindustan times 2009.
- ↑ Matthew 2014.
- ↑ times of indiya 2014.
- ↑ Deccan kraunikl 2014.
- ↑ BBC & May 2014.
- ↑ Sen 2005, pp. 251-272.
- ↑ National Informatics Centre 2014.
- ↑ Election Commission 1984.
- ↑ Election Commission 1989.
- ↑ Election Commission 1991.
- ↑ Election Commission 1996.
- ↑ Election Commission 1998.
- ↑ Election Commission 1999.
- ↑ a aa Election Commission 2004.
- ↑ Election Commission 2014.
- ↑ a aa i E u oo A swine 2001, pp. 71-104.
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- ↑ a aa i E u oo A ai O au k kh indiya tude 2013.
- ↑ patrika 2014.
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