asam

asam

Bhaarat ke praant
rajdhani	dispur
sabse bada shahar	Guwahati
janasankhya	26,655,528
- ghanatv	340 /kimee²
kshetrafal	78,438 kimee²
- jile	23
raajabhaasha(eain)	asamiya, baangla (Barack ghaati me), bodo (bodo vaasit aadivaasi kshetron me)
pratishtha	August 15 1947
- raajyapaal	shivcharan maathur
- mukhyamantri	sarbaanand sonovaal
- vidhaanasabha	ek sabha
aaiesao sankshep	IN-AS
www.assamgovt.nic.in

asam ya Assam uttar poorvi Bhaarat mein ek raajya hai. asam anya uttar poorvi bhaarateeya raajyon se ghira hua hai. asam Bhaarat ka ek seemaant raajya hai jo chaturdik, suramya parvatashreniyon se ghira hai. yeh Bhaarat ki poorvottar seema 24° 1' u॰aa॰-27° 55' u॰aa॰ tatha 89° 44' poo॰ade॰-96° 2' poo॰ade॰) par sthit hai. sampoorn raajya ka kshetrafal 78,466 varg ki॰mee॰ hai. Bhaarat - bhootaan tatha Bhaarat - Bangladesh seema kuchh bhaago mein asam se judi hai. is raajya ke uttar mein arunaachal pradesh, poorv mein naagaalaind tatha manipur, dakshin mein mijoram tatha meghaalaya evam pashchim mein banglaadesh sthit hai.

visheshagyon ke anusaar Assam naam kaafi paravarti hai. pehle is raajya ko asam kaha jaata tha.

saamaanya roop se maana jaata hai ki asam naam sanskrut se liya gaya hai jiska shaabdik arth hai, vo bhoomi jo samatal naheen hai. kuchh logon ki maanyata hai ki "Assam" sanskrut ke shabd "asm " athva "asama", jiska arth asamaan hai ka apabhransh hai. kuchh vidvaanon ka maanana hai ki 'asam' shab‍aad sans‍aakrut ke 'asoma' shab‍aad se bana hai, jiska arth hai anupam athva adviteeya. aastrik, mangoliyn, Dravid aur aarya jaisi vibhin‍aan jaatiyaan praacheen kaal se is pradesh ki pahaadiyon aur ghaatiyon mein samay-samay par aakar baseen aur yahaaain ki mishrit sans‍aakruti mein apna yogadaan diya. is tarah asam mein sans‍aakruti aur sabh‍aayata ki samru‍aaddh parampara rahi hai.

kuchh log is naam ki vyutpatti 'ahom' (seemaavarti barma ki ek shaasak janajaati) se bhi bataate hain.

Assam raajya mein pehle manipur ko chhodkar bangalaadesh ke poorv mein sthit Bhaarat ka sampoorn kshetr sammilit tha tatha ukt naam visham bhaumyaakruti ke sandarbh mein adhik upayukt prateet hota tha kyonki himaalaya ki naveen moddaar uchch parvatashreniyon tatha puraakaibriyn yug ke praacheen bhookhando sahit nadi (brahmaput) nirmit samatal upajaaoo maidaan tak ismein aate the. parantu vibhinn kshetron ki apni sanskruti aadi par aadhaarit alag astitv ki maaaingon ke parinaamasvaroop vartamaan Assam raajya ka lagbhag 72 pratishat kshetr brahaaputr ki ghaati (asam ki ghaati) tak seemit rah gaya hai jo pehle lagbhag 40 pratishat maatr hi tha.

pauraanik asam

praacheen bhaarateeya granthon mein is sthaan ko praagajyotichh ke naam se jaana jaata tha. mahaabhaarat ke anusaar Krishna ke pautr aniruddh ne yahaaain ki usha naam ki yuvati par mohit hokar usaka apaharan kar liya tha. haalaaainki yahaaain ki dantakathaaon mein aisa kaha jaata hai ki aniruddh par mohit hokar usha ne hi usaka apaharan kar liya tha. is ghatna ko yahaaain Kumar haran ke naam se jaana jaata hai.

praacheen asam

praacheen asam, kamarup ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, yeh shaktishaali raajavanshon ka shaasan tha: varman (350-650 i॰) shaalstaambhas (655-900 i॰) aur kaamarup paal (900-1100 i॰). pushya varman ne varman raajavansh ki sthaapana ki thi. bhaasakar varman (600-650 i॰), jo ki prasiddh varman shaasak the, ke shaasanakaal mein cheeni yaatri kshuan jhaang kshetr ka daura kiya aur apni yaatra darj ki.

baad mein, kamjor aur vightan (kaamarup paal) ke baad, kaamarup parampara kuchh had tak badha di gayi chandra (1120-1185 i॰) main aur chandra dviteeya (1155-1255 i॰) raajavanshon dvaara 1255 i॰.

madhyakaaleen asam

madhyakaal mein san 1228 mein barma ke ek cheeni vijeta chaau lung siu ka fa ne purvi asam par adhikaar kar liya. vah ahom vansh ka tha jisne ahom vansh ki satta yahaaain kaayam ki. ahom vansh ka shaasan 1829 paryant tab tak bana raha jab tak ki angrejon ne unhein hara naheen diya.

bhoo aakruti ke anusaar is raajya ko teen vibhaagon mein vibhkt kiya ja sakta hai :

• 1. uttari maidaan athva brahmaputr ka maidaan jo ki sampoorn uttari bhaag mein faila hua hai. iski dhaal bahut hi kam hai jiske kaaran praaya: yeh bradmaputr ki baadh se aakraant rahata hai. yeh nadi is samatal maidaan ko do asamaan bhaagon mein vibhkt karti hai jismein uttari bhaag himaalaya se aanevaali lagbhag samaanaantar nadiyon, suvansiri aadi, se kaafi kat fat gaya hai. dakshini bhaag apekshaakrut kam chauda hai. gauhaati ke sameep bradmaputr meghaalaya chattaanon ka kram nadi ke uttari kagaar par bhi dikhaai padta hai. boodhi dihing, dhanasiri tatha kapili ne apne nikaasavarti aparadan ki prakriya dvaara mikir tatha regma pahaadiyon ko meghaalaya ki pahaadiyon se lagbhag alag kar diya hai. sampoorn ghaati poorv mein 30 mee॰ se pashchim mein 130 mee॰ ki ooainchaai tak sthit hai jiski ausat dhaal 12 se॰amee॰ prati ki॰ mee॰ hai. nadiyon ka maarg praaya: sarpil hai.

• 2. mikir tatha uttari kachhaar ka pahaadi kshetr bhaumyaakruti ki drushti se ek jatil tatha kata fata pradesh hai aur Assam ghaati ke dakshin mein sthit hai. iska uttari chhor apekshaakrut adhik dhalava hai.

• 3. kachhaar ka maidaan athva soorama ghaati jalodh avasaad dvaara nirmit ek samatal upajaaoo maidaan hai jo raajya ke dakshini bhaag mein sthit hai. vaastav mein ise Bengal delta ka poorvi chhor hi kaha ja sakta hai. uttar mein dauki bhransh iski seema banaata hai.

nadiyaaain

is raajya ki pramukh nadi brahmaputr (Tibet ki saangapi) hai jo lagbhag poorv pashchim mein pravaahit hoti hui dhubari ke nikat bangalaadesh mein pravisht ho jaati hai. pravaahakshetr ke kam dhalavaan hone ke kaaran nadi shaakhaaon mein vibhkt ho jaati hai tatha nadeesthit dveepon ka nirmaan karti hai jinmein maajuli (929 varg ki॰amee॰) vishv ka sabse bada nadi sthit dweep hai. varshaakaal mein nadi ka jalamaarg kaheen kaheen 8 ki॰amee॰ chauda ho jaata hai tatha jheel jaisa prateet hota hai. is nadi ki 35 pramukh sahaayak nadiyaan hain. suvansiri, bhareli, dhanasiri, pagaladiya, maanas tatha sankaash aadi daahini or se tatha lohit, navadihing, boodhi dihing, disaang, kapili, digaaroo aadi baai or se milne waali pramukh nadiyaan hain. ye nadiyaan itna jal tatha malaba apne saath laati hai ki mukhya nadi govaalapaara ke sameep 50 lakh kyoosek jal ka nissaaran karti hai. brahmaputr ki hi bhaaainti suvansiri aadi bhi mukhya himaalaya (himaadri) ke uttar se aati hai tatha poorvagaami pravaah ka udaaharan prastut karti hai. parvateeya kshetr mein inke maarg mein khadd tatha prapaat bhi paae jaate hain. dakshin mein soorama hi ullekhya nadi hai jo apni sahaayak nadiyon ke saath kachhaar janapad mein pravaahit hoti hai.

bhaumikeeya drushti se Assam raajya mein ati praacheen dalaashm (nees) tatha subhaaja (shist) nirmit madhyavarti bhoobhaag (mikir tatha uttari kachhaar) se lekar truteeya yug ki jalodh chattaanein bhi bhootal par vidyamaan hain. praacheen chattaanon ki part uttar ki or kramash: patali hoti gayi hai tatha truteeyak chattaanon se dhaki hui hain. ye chattaanein praaya: himaalaya ki tarah ke bhanjon se rahit hain. uttar mein ye kshaitij hain par dakshin mein inka jhukaav (dip) dakshin ki or ho gaya hai.

bhookamp tatha baadh Assam ki do pramukh samasyaaen hain. baadh se praaya: prativrsh 8 se 10 karod rupae ki maal ki kshati hoti hai. 1966 ki baadh se lagbhag 16,000 varg ki॰mee॰ kshetr jalaplaavit hua tha. sthal khand ke apekshaakrut naveen hone tatha chattaani staron ke asthaayitv ke kaaran is raajya mein bhookamp ki sambhaavana adhik rahati hai. 1897 ka bhookamp, jiski naabhi gaaro khaasi ki pahaadiyon mein thi, yahaaain ka sabse bada bhookamp maana jaata hai. rel laainon ka ukhadna, bhooskhalan, nadi maargaavarodh tatha parivartan aadi kriyaaeain bade paimaane par hui theen aur lagbhag 10,550 vyakti mar gaye the. anya pramukh bhookanpakramash: 1869, 1888, 1930, 1934 tatha 1950 mein aae.

jalavaayu

saamaanyat: Assam raajya ki jalavaayu, Bhaarat ke anya bhaagon ki bhaanti, maanasooni hai par kuchh sthaaneeya visheshataaen ismein vishleshanoparaant avashya drushtigochar hoti hain. praaya: paaainch kaarak ise prabhaavit karte hain :

• 1. uchchaavach;
• 2. pashchimottar Bhaarat tatha Bengal ki khaadi par saamayik parivrtanasheel dabaav ki petiyaan, tatha unka uttari evam poorvottareeya saamayik dolan;
• 3. ushnakatibandheeya samudri havaaen;
• 4. saamayik pashchimi chakravaateeya havaaen tatha
• 5. parvat evam ghaati ki sthaaneeya havaaen.

ganga ke maidaan ki bhaanti yahaaain greeshm ki bheeshanata ka anubhav naheen hota kyonki praaya: boondaabaandi tatha varsha ho jaaya karti hai. kohara, bijli ki chamak damak tatha dhool ke toofaan praaya: aate rahate hain. varsh mein 60-70 din kohara tatha 80-115 din bijli ki kadvaahat anubhav ki jaati hai. ausat vaarshik varsha 200 sein॰amee॰ hoti hai par madhya bhaag (gauhaati, tejapur) mein yeh maatra 100 se॰amee॰ se bhi kam hoti hai jabki poorv evam pashchim mein kaheen kaheen 1,000 se॰amee॰ tak bhi varsha hoti hai. saapeksh aardrata varsh bhar adhik rahati hai (90 pratishat). jaade ka ausat taapamaan 12.8° sein॰agre॰ tatha greeshm ka ausat taapamaan 23° sein॰agre॰ rahata hai. adhiktam taapamaan varsha ritu ke August maheene mein rahata hai (27.17° sein॰agre॰).

bhoomi

kaaainp tatha laitaraat is raajya ki pramukh mittiyaan hain jo kramash: maidaani bhaagon tatha pahaadi kshetron ke dhaalon par pai jaati hain. nai kaaainp mitti nadiyon ke baadh kshetr mein pai jaati hai tatha dhaan, joot, daal evam tilhan ke liye upayukt hai. yeh praaya: udaaseen prakruti ki hoti hai. baadhetar pradesh ki vaagar mitti praaya: amleeya hoti hai. yeh ganna, fal, dhaan ke liye adhik upuyakt hai. parvateeya kshetr ki laitaraait mitti apekshaakrut anupajaaoo hoti hai. chai ki krushi ke atirikt ye kshetr praaya: vanaachhaadit hain.

khanij

truteeya yug ka koyala tatha khanij tel is pradesh ki mukhya sanpadaaen hain. khanij tel ka anumaanit bhandaar 450 lakh tan hai jo poore Bhaarat ka lagbhag 50 pratishat hai tatha pramukhat: bahmaputr ki oopari ghaati mein digboi, naharakatiya, motion, lakva, tiyok aadi ke chaturdik‌ praapya hai. raajya ke dakshinpoorvi chhor par lakdi ledi najeera ke nikat koyale ka bhaandaar hai. anumaanit bhaandaar 33 karod tan hai. utpaadan kramash: kam hota ja raha hai. (1963 se 5,77,000 tan; 1965 mein 5,41,000 tan). fire kle, gruh-nirmaan-yogya patthar aadi anya khanij hain.

krushi

asam ek krushipradhaan raajya hai. 1970-71 mein kul (mijoramayukt) lagbhag 25,50,000 hekteyar bhoomi (kul kshetrafal ka lagbhag 1/3) krushikaarya kul bhoomi ka 90 pratishat maidaani bhaag mein hai. dhaan (1971) kul bhoomi (krushiyogya) ke 72 pratishat kshetr mein paida kiya jaata hai (20,00,000 hekteyar) tatha utpaadan 20,16,000 tan hota hai. anya fasalein (kshetrapafal 1,000 hekteyar mein) is prakaar hain- gehooain 21; daalein 79; sarason tatha anya tilhan 139. kul krushibhoomi ka 77 pratishat khaadya fasalon ke utpaadan mein laga hai. itna hote hue bhi prati vyakti krushibhoomi ka ausat 0.5 ekad (0.2 hekteyar) hi hai. vibhinn saadhanon dvaara bhoomi ko sudhaarane ke uparaant krushi kshetr ko paaainch pratishat badhaaya ja sakta hai.

anya utpaadan

chai, joot tatha ganna yahaaain ki pramukh audyogik tatha dhanad fasalein hain. chai ki krushi ke antargat lagbhag 65 pratishat krushigt bhoomi sammilit hai. Assam ke aarthik tantr mein iska vishesh haath hai. Bhaarat ki chhoti badi 7,100 chai baagaan mein se lagbhag 700 asam mein hi sthit hain. 1970 i॰ mein kul 2,00,000 hekteyar kshetr mein chai ke baag the jinse lagbhag 21.5 karod ki॰graa॰ (1970) chai taiyaar ki gayi. is udyog mein pratidin 3,79,781 majadoor lage hain, jinmein adhikaansh uttar Bihar tatha poorvottar uttar pradesh ke hain. joot lagbhag chhah pratishat krushiyogya bhoomi mein ugaai jaati hai. aarthik drushtikon se yeh adhik mahatvapoorn hai. Assam ghaati ke poorvi bhaag tatha darang janapad iske pramukh kshetr hain. 1970 i॰ mein yahaaain ki nadiyon mein se 26.5 hajaar tan machhaliyaaain bhi pakadi gain.

sinchaai

varsha ki adhikta ke kaaran sinchaai ki vyavastha vyaapak roop se laagoo naheen ki ja saki, keval chhoti-chhoti yojanaaen hi kriyaanvit ki gayi hain. kul krushigt bhoomi ka maatr 22 pratishat hi sinchit hai. 1964 mein praarambh ki gayi jamuna sinchaai yojana (deefoo ke nikat) is raajya ki sabse badi yojana hai jisse lagbhag 26,000 hekteyar bhoomi ki sinchaai ki jaane ka anumaan hai. naharon ki kul lanbaai 137.15 ki॰mee॰ rahegi.

vidyut

raajya ke pramukh shakti-utpaadak-kendra (kshamata tatha svaroop ke saath) ye hain - Guwahati (taapavidyut‌) 32,500 kilovaat, naamaroop (taapavidyut‌) Lakhimpur mein naharakatiya se 20 ki॰mee॰, 23,000 kilovaat ka pratham charan 1965 mein poorn. 30,000 kilovaat ka doosra charan 1972-73 tak poorn. jalavidyut‌ keindron mein yoonikem pramukh hai (poori kshamata 72,000 kilovaat).

udyog

Assam ke aarthik tantr mein udyog dhandhon mein, vishesh roop se krushi par aadhaarit, tatha khanij tel ka mahatvapoorn yogadaan hai. Guwahati tatha dibroogadh do sthaan iske mukhya kendra hain. kachhaar ka silchar nagar teesara pramukh audyogik kendra hai. chai udyog ke atirkti vastrodyog (sheelaghaat, joot tatha jaareerod silk) bhi yahaaain unnat hai. haal hi mein ek kapda mil gauhaati mein sthaapit ki gayi hai. eri, mooga tatha paat Assam ke utkrusht vastron mein hain. telashodhak kaarkhaane digboi (paaainch lakh tan prati varsh) tatha noonamaati (7.5 lakh tan prati varsh) mein hai. urvarak kendra naamaroop mein hain jahaaain prativrsh 2,75,000 tan yooriya tatha 7,05,000 tan amoniya ka utpaadan kiya jaata hai. cheera mein cement ka kaarkhaana hai jahaaain prativrsh 54,000 tan cement ka utpaadan hota hai. inke atirikt vanon par aadhaarit anek udyog dhandhe praaya: sabhi nagaron mein chal rahe hain. dhubari ki haardabord factory tatha Guwahati ka khair tatha aagar tail vishesh ullekhaneeya hain.

yaataayaat

aavaagaman tatha yaataayaat ke saadhanon ke suvyavasthit vikaas mein is pradesh ke uchchaavachan tatha nadiyon ka vishesh mahatva hai. Assam ghaati uttari dakshini bhaag ko svatantr Bhaarat mein ek doosare se jod diya gaya hai. gauhaati ke nikat yeh sampoorn brahmaputr ghaati ka ek maatr setu hai. 1966 mein relamaargon ki kul lanbaai 5,827 ki॰amee॰ thi (3,334 ki॰amee॰ saaiding ke saath). dhubari, gauhaati, laamadi, silchar aadi relamaarg dvaara mile hue hain. raajamaarg kul 20,678 ki॰ mee॰ hai jismein raashtreeya maarg 2,934 ki॰amee॰ (19688) hai. yahaaain jalamaargon ka vishesh mahatva hai aur ye ati praacheen kaal se hi mahatvapoorn rahe hain. naukaavahan-yogya nadiyon ki lanbaai 3,261 ki॰ mee॰ hai jismein 1653 ki॰amee॰ maarg steemar chalne yogya hai tatha varsh bhar upayog mein laae ja sakte hain. shesh maatr monsoon ke dinon mein hi kaam laayak rahate hain.

asam mein chhah se baarah varsh ki umr tak ke bachchon ke liye maadhyamik star tak anivaarya tatha ni:shulk shiksha ki vyavastha hai. Guwahati, yorahaat evam dibroogadh mein vishvavidyaalaya hain. raajya ke 80 se bhi zyaada keindron se lok kalyaan ki vibhinn yojanaaon ka sanchaalan ho raha hai. jo mahilaaon evam bachchon ke liye manoranjan tatha anya saanskrutik suvidhaaon ki vyavastha karti hain.

engineering college-

• jorahaat engineering college - jorahaat
• asam engineering college - jaalukabaari, Guwahati
• raashtreeya praudyogiki sansthaan, silchar (N I ti) - silchar

medical college-

• jorahaat medical college - jorahaat
• asam medical college - dibrugadh
• Guwahati medical college - Guwahati
• silchar medical college - silchar
• tejapur medical college - tejapur (nirmaanaadheen)
• barapeta medical college - barapeta (nirmaanaadheen)
• ayurvedik college- Guwahati

asam ki bhaashaayein 2001 ki janaganana ke anusaar^[1][2] █a█ asamiya (48.8%)█a█ baangla (27.5%)█a█ bodo (4.8%)█a█ nepaali (2.12%)█a█ hindi (5.88%)█a█ anya (11.8%)

asamiya aur bodo pramukh kshetreeya aur aadhikaarik bhaashaaen hain. bangaali Barack ghaati ke teen jilon mein aadhikaarik darja rakhati hai aur raajya ki doosari sabse vyaapak roop se boli jaane waali bhaasha (33.91%) hai. asamiya praacheen kaamaroop aur madhyayugeen raajyon jaise kaamataapur kachhaari, suteeya, borahi, ahom aur coach raajyon mein logon ki aam bhaasha rahi hai. 7veen–8veen E. mein likhi gayi luipa, sarahapa jaise kaviyon ke kavitaaon mein asamiya bhaasha ke nishaan paae jaate hain. kaamaroopi, gvaalapariya jaise aadhunik boliyaaain iski apabhransh hain. asamiya bhaasha ko nagaalaind, arunaachal pradesh aur poorvottar mein sthaaneekrut karke istemaal kiya jaata raha hai. asamiya uchchaaran aur komalata ki apni anoothi visheshataaon ke saath apne sankar prakruti ki vajah se ek samruddh bhaasha hai. asamiya saahitya sabse ameer saahityon mein se ek hai.

2001 ki janaganana ke anusaar, yahaaain hinduon ki sankhya 1,72,96,455, musalmaanon ki 82,40,611, isaai ki 9,86,589 aur sikhon ki 22,519, bauddhon ki 51,029, jainiyon ki 23,957 aur 22,999 anya dhaarmik samudaayon se sambandhit the.

asam se Bhaarat ka sarvaadhik khanij tel praapt hota hai. yahaaain lagbhag 1000 kilometer lambi peti mein khanij tel paaya jaata hai. yeh peti is raajya ki uttari-poorvi seema se aarambh hokar khaasi tatha jayantiya pahaadiyon se hoti hui kachhaar jile tak faili hai. yahaaain ke mukhya tel kshetr lakheemapur tatha shivsaagar jilon mein paaya jaate hain.

asam mein shilp ki ek samruddh parampara rahi hai, vartamaan ken aur baaains shilp, ghanti dhaatu aur peetal shilp resham aur kapaas bunaai, khilaune aur mukhauta banaane, mitti ke bartanon aur mitti kaam, kaashth shilp, gahane banaane, sangeet banaane ke upakaranon, aadi ke roop mein bana raha pramukh paranparaaon [56] aitihaasik, asam bhi lohe se naavon, paaramparik bandookein aur baarood, haatheedaant shilp, rang aur peint, lakh, agarwood utpaadon ki lekh, paaramparik nirmaan saamagri, upayogitaaon banaane mein utkrusht aadi ken aur baaains shilp ke dainik jeevan mein sabse adhik istemaal kiya upayogitaaon, ghareloo saamaan se lekar, upasaadhan bunaai, machhali pakadne ka saamaan, furniture, sangeet vaadyayantr, nirmaan saamagri, aadi upayogitaaeain aur Sorai aur Bota jaise prateekaatmak lekh ghanti dhaatu aur peetal se bane pradaan har asamiya ghar mein paaya [57] [58] haajo aur Sarthebari paaramparik ghanti dhaatu aur peetal ke shilp ka sabse mahatvapoorn kendron mein kar rahe hain. asam resham ke kai prakaar ke ghar hai, sabse pratishthit hain: mooga - praakrutik sunahare resham, pait - ek malaaidaar ujjval chaandi ke rang ka resham aur iri - ek sardiyon ke liye garm kapde ke vinirmaan ke liye istemaal kiya kism. suaalkuchi (Sualkuch), paaramparik resham udyog ke liye kendra ke alaava, brahmaputr ghaati ke lagbhag har hisse mein graameen parivaar utkrusht kadhaai design ke saath resham aur resham ke vastr utpaadan karte hain. iske alaava, asam mein vibhinn saanskrutik samooh adviteeya kadhaai design aur adbhut rang sanyojan ke saath sooti vastron ke vibhinn prakaar banaate hain.

iske alaava asam mein khilauna aur mukhauta aadi banaane ka evam jyaadaatar vaishnav mathon mein mitti ke bartanon aur nichle asam jilon mein kaashth shilp, lauh shilp, gahane, mitti ke kaam aadi ka adviteeya shilp logon ke paas hai.

puraatan maurya golapaada jile mein aur uske aas - paas ki khoj stoop praacheen kala aur vaastu kaam karta hai (see॰ 300 see॰ 100 i॰ ke liye i॰apoo॰) ke jald se jald udaaharan hain. tejapur mein ek sundar chaukhat praacheen asam mein der gupta avadhi ke kala ke saaranaath school ke prabhaav ke saath kala ka kaam karta hai sabse achha udaaharan ke roop mein pehchaan kar rahe hain ke saath Daparvatiya (Doporboteeya) puraataatvik sthal ki khoj ki bani hui hai. kai anya saaiton ko bhi sthaaneeya roopaankanon aur dakshin poorv Asia mein un logon ke saath samaanata ke saath kabhi kabhi ke saath sthaaneeya kala roopon ke vikaas dikha rahe hain. vartamaan se adhik ki khoj kai moortikla aur vaastukala ke saath rahata chaalees praacheen puraataatvik asam bhar mein saaiton. iske alaava, vahaaain kai der madhya aayu kala aur kai shesh mandiron, mahalon aur anya imaaraton ke saath moortiyaan aur roopaankanon ke saikadon sahit vaastu kaam karta hai ke udaaharan hain.

chitrakaari asam ke ek praacheen parampara hai. Xuanzang (7 veen shataabdi E.) ka ullekh hai ki harshavardhan ke liye kaamarupa raaja bhaasakar varman upahaar ke beech chitron aur chitrit vastuon, asamiya resham par the jinmein se kuchh the. Hastividyarnava (haathi par ek granth), chitra Bhagwat aur geeta govinda se madhya yug mein jaise paandulipiyon ke kai paaramparik chitron ke utkrusht udaaharan sahan. madhyayugeen asamiya saahitya bhi chitrakars aur patuas karne ke liye sandarbhit karta hai.

Assam ki aadim jaatiyaaain sambhavat: Bhaarat cheeni jatthe ke vibhinn ansh hain. Bhaarat cheeni jatthe ki jaatiyaan kai samoohon mein vibhaajit ki ja sakti hai. pratham khaasi hai jo aadikaal mein uttar poorv se aae hue nivaasiyon ke avashesh maatr hain. doosare samooh ke antargat dimaasa (athva pahaadi kachhaari), bodo (ya maidaani kachhaari), raama, kaaro, laalung tatha poorvi upahimaalaya mein dafala, miri, abor, aapaataani tatha mishmi jaatiyaan hain. teesara samooh lushaai, aaka tatha kuki jaatiyon ka hai, jo dakshin se aakar basi hain tatha manipuri aur naaga jaatiyon mein mil gayi hain. kachhaari, raama tatha bodo himaalaya ke ooainche ghaas ke maidaanon mein nivaas karte hain. coach, jo mangol jaati ke hain, Assam ke nichle bhaagon mein rahate hain. govaalapaara mein ye raajavanshi ke naam se prasiddh hain. saaloi kaamaroop ki prasiddh jaati hai. nadiyaal ya dom yahaaain ki machhali maarane waali jaati hai. navashaakha jaati ke sadasya teli, gvaala, naapit (naai), barai, kumhaar tatha kamaar (lohaar) hai. aadhunik yug mein yahaaain par chai ke baag mein kaam karanevaale Bengal, Bihar, udeesa tatha anya praanton se aae hue aadivaasiyon ki sankhya pramukh ho gayi hai.

asam mein 27 jile hain -

• uttar kachhar jila
• kareemaganj jila
• kaamaroop jila
• kaarbi ongalaung jila
• kokaraajhaar jila
• golaaghaat jila
• kaachhaad jila
• govaalapaara jila
• jorahaat jila
• dibroogadh jila
• tinsukiya jila
• daaraang jila
• dhubari jila
• dhemaaji jila
• nalabaadi jila
• nagaanv jila
• baarapeta jila
• bangaaigaaainv jila
• maarigaanv jila
• lakhimpur jila
• shivsaagar jila
• shonitpur jila
• hailaakaandi jila
• baksa jila
• udaalagudi jila
• chiraang jila

vartamaan asam baadh, gareebi, pichhङaepan tatha videshi ghuspaith (mukhyat: baanglaadeshi) ka shikaaragrast hai.

• lokapriya gopeenaath boradoloi - asam ke pratham mukhyamantri
• jyotiprasaad aagaravaala - asam ke pratham film nirmaata
• bhoopen hajaarika - gaayak, sangeetakaar, geetkaar, filmkaar, kavi, samaajasevi
• indira raayasam Goswami - lekhika

• asam ka itihaas
• asamiya bhaasha
• asam ke Loksabha sadasya

• asam ke janasaadhaaran evam itihaas ke baare mein
• Assam from assam.org
• Assam Profile from the Assam Government website