ardhamaagadhi
madhya bhaarateeya aarya parivaar ki bhaasha ardhamaagadhi sanskrut aur aadhunik bhaarateeya bhaashaaon ke beech ki ek mahatvapoorn kadi hai. yeh praacheen kaal mein magadh ki saahityik evam bolachaal ki bhaasha thi. jain dharm ke 24vein teerthankar mahaaveer svaami ne isi bhaasha mein apne dharmopadesh kiye the. aage chalakar mahaaveer ke shishyon ne bhi mahaaveer ke upadeshon ka sangrah ardhamaagadhi mein kiya jo aagam naam se prasiddh hue.
anukram
arth
hemachandr aachaarya ne ardhamaagadhi ko 'aarsh praakrut' kaha hai. ardhamaagadhi shabd ka kai tarah se arth kiya jaata hai :
- (k) jo bhaasha magadh ke aadhe bhaag mein boli jaati ho,
- (kh) jismein maagadhi bhaasha ke kuchh lakshan paae jaate hon, jaise puling mein prathama ke ekavachan mein ekaaraant roop ka hona (jaise dhamme).
saahitya
is bhaasha mein vipul jain evam laukik saahitya ki rachana ki gayi. jain dharm ke 24vein teerthankar mahaaveer svaami ne isi bhaasha mein apne dharmopadesh kiye the. aage chalakar mahaaveer ke shishyon ne ardhamaagadhi mein mahaaveer ke upadeshon ka sangrah kiya jo aagam naam se prasiddh hue. samay-samay par jain aagamon ki teen vaachanaaeain huin. antim vaachana mahaaveeranirvaan ke 1,000 varsh baad, isavi san ki chhathi shataabdi ke aarambh mein, devardhigni kshamaakshaman ke adhinaayakatv mein valabhi (vala, kaathiyaavaad) mein hui jab jain aagam vartamaan roop mein lipibddh kiye gaye. isi beech jain aagamon mein bhaasha aur vishay ki drushti se anek parivartan hue. in parivrtanon ke hone par bhi aachaaraang, sootrakrutaang, uttaraadhyayan, dashaivakaalik aadi jain aagam paryaapt praacheen aur mahatvapoorn hain. ye aagam shvetaanbar jain parampara dvaara hi maanya hain, diganbar jainon ke anusaar ye lupt ho gaye hain.
aagamon ke uttarakaaleen jain saahitya ki bhaasha ko ardhamaagadhi na kehkar praakrut kaha gaya hai. isse yahi siddh hota hai ki us samay magadh ke baahar bhi jain dharm ka prachaar ho gaya tha.
sandarbh granth
- A.M. ghaatage : introduction tu ardhamaagadhi (1941);
- becharadaas jeevaraaj doshi : praakrut vyaakaran (1925)