ant:sraavi tantr

pramukh ant:sraavi granthiyaan. (purush baane, mahila daane.)
1. gaavadum granthi
2. peeyoosh granthi
3. avatu granthi
4. baalyagranthi thaayamas
5. aadhivrukk granthi
6. agnyaashaya
7. andaashaya
8. vrushan

ant:sraavi tantr chhote angon ki ek ekeekrut pranaali hai jisse baahyakosheeya sanketan anuon haarmon ka sraav hota hai. ant:sraavi tantr shareer ke chayaapachaya, vikaas, yauvan, ootak kriyaaen aur chitt (mood) ke liye uttaradaayi hai.

in ant:sraavi granthiyon ko pehle ek-doosare se pruthak samjha jaata tha, kintu ab gyaat hua hai ki ye sab ek-doosare se sambaddh hain aur peeyooshika granthi tatha mastishk ka mailemas bhaag unka sambandh sthaapit karte hain. at: mastishk hi ant:sraavi tantr ka kendra hai.

shareer mein nimnalikhit mukhya ant:sraavi granthiyaaain hain: peeyooshika (pityootairi), adhivrukk (aidronal), avatuka (thaairauid), upaavatuka (pairaathaairauyad), andagranthi (testeej), dinbagranthi (ovairi), piniyl, laingarahains ki dveepikaaeain aur thaaimas.

manushya ke shareer mein yeh ek matar ke samaan granthi mastishk ke agr bhaag ke nal se ek vrunt (danthal) sareekhe bhaag dvaara lagi aur neeche ko latakati rahati hai. ismein teen bhaag hain- agrim, madhya aur pashch khandikaaeain (lob). agrim khandika mein banane vaale haaramonon ke naam ye hain:

(1) beej-putak-uttejak (ef.S.S.),

(2) lyooteenaakarak (L.S.),

(3) adhivrukk-praantastha-poshak (A.si.ti.H.),

(4) avatukaaposhak (ti.H.),

(5) vardhak (shoth haaramon).

madhyakhandika madhyani (intar middle) haaramon banaati hai. pashchakhandika pityootareen haaramon banaati hai. ismein do haaramon hote hain. ek garbhaashaya ka sankoch badhaata hai aur doosare se raktavaahiniyaaain sankuchit hoti hain. yadi is granthi ki kriya badh jaati hai to prajanan angon ki atyant vruddhi hoti hai aur yadi shareer ka vruddhikaal samaapt naheen ho chuka rahata hai to deerghakaayata utpann ho jaati hai jismein shareer ki ativruddhi hoti hai. parantu yadi vruddhikaal samaapt ho chuka rahata hai yo peeyooshika ki atishya kriyaasheelata ka parinaam aikromegaili naamak dasha hoti hai, jismein mukh aainguliyon, kanth aadi mein soojan aa jaati hai.

agrim khandika ke arbud (tyoomar) se kashing ka rog utpann hota hai. peeyooshika ke kriyaahraas se maithuni asamarthata, shishuta (inafaintaailijm), shareer mein vasa ki ativruddhi tatha mootrabaahulya, ye sab dashaaeain utpann hoti hain. poorv khandika ki kriya ke atyant hraas se rogi krush ho jaata hai aur maithun shakti nasht hai jaati hai. ise saaimand ka rog kehte ho

ye do trikonaakaar granthiyaaain hain jo udar ke bheetar daahini or ya baaeain vrukk ke oopari gol sire par murge ke kalagi ki bhaaainti sthir rahati hain. granthi mein do bhaag hote hain, ek baahar ka bhaag, jo bahistha (kaurteks) kahalaata hai aur doosra iske bheetar ka antastha (maidula). bahistha bhaag jeevan ke liye atyant aavashyak hai. lagbhag do darjan raasaayanik padaarth (ravedaar stiaraaid), is bhaag se pruthak kiye ja chuke hain. unamein se kuchh hi shaareerik kriyaaon se sambaddh paae gaye hain. bahistha bhaag ka vidyudvishleshyon (ilektrolaaits) ke chayaapachaya aur kaarabohaaidret ke chayaapachaya se ghanishth sambandh hai. vrukkon ki kriya, shaareerik vruddhi, sahan shakti, raktachaap aur peshiyon ka sankoch, ye sab bahut kuchh bahistha bhaag par nirbhar hain. is bhaag mein jo haaramon bante hain unamein kaartison, haaidrokaartison, predaneeson aur predaneesolon ka prayog chikitsa mein bahut kiya jaata hai. bahut se rogon mein unka adbhut prabhaav paaya gaya hai aur rogiyon ki jeevanaraksha hui hai. vishesh baat yeh hai ki ye haaramon ant:sraavi granthiyon ke rogon ke atirikt kai anya rogon mein bhi atyant upayogi paae gaye hain. kaha jaata hai ki yadi kshayajanya mastishkavaranaarti (tyoobarkyular meninjaaitis) ki chikitsa mein anya aushadhiyon ke saath kaartison ka bhi prayog kiya jaae to laabh ya rogamukti nishchit hai.

madhyastha bhaag jeevan ke liye anivaarya naheen hai. usamein aidrinailin tatha naur aidrinailin naamak haaramon bante hain.

bahistha ki atikriya se purushon mein streetv ke se lakshan pragat ho jaate hain. usaki kriya ke hraas ka parinaam aidisn ka rog hota hai jismein raktadaab ka kam ho jaana, durbalata, dast aana aur tvacha mein rang ke kanon ka ekatr hona vishesh lakshan hote hain.

yeh granthi gale mein shvaasanaal par taituve se neeche ghode ki kaathi ke samaan sthit hai. iske donon khand naal ke donon aur rahate hain aur beech ka, un donon ko jodnevaala, bhaag naal ke saamane rahata hai. is granthi mein thaairaaainkseen naamak haaramon banta hai. isko prayogashaalaaon mein bhi taiyaar kiya gaya hai. iska straav peeyooshika ke avatukaaposhak haaramon dvaara niyantrit rahata hai. yeh vastu maulik chayaapachaya gati (Bessel metaabolik rate, bi.M.aar.), naadeegati tatha raktadaab ko badhaati hai. is grathin ki atikriya se maulik chayaapachaya gati tatha naadi ki gati badh jaati hai. hradaya ki dhadkan bhi badh jaati hai. netr baahar nikalte hue se dikhaai padate hain. grathin mein rakt ka sanchaar adhik ho jaata hai. granthi ki kriya ke kam hone se baalakon mein vaamanata (kretinijm) ki aur adhik aayuvaalon mein miksodeema ki dasha utpan ho jaati hai. vaamanata mein shareer ki vruddhi naheen hoti. 15-20 varsh ka vyakti saat aath varsh ka sa dikhaai padta hai. budidh ka vikaas bhi naheen hota. pet aage ko badha hua, mukh khula hua aur usase raal chooti hui tatha budidh mand rahati hai. miksodeema mein haath tatha mukh par vasa (charbi ekatr ho jaati hai, aakruti bhaari ya moti dikhaai deti hai. granthi ke satv (eksatraikt) khilaane se ye dashaaeain door ho jaati hain.

ye chaar chhoti-chhoti granthiyaaain hoti hain. avatuka granthi ke pratyek khand ke prushth par oopar aur neeche ke dhruvon ke paas ek-ek granthi sthit rahati hai aur usase usaka nikat sambandh rahata hai. in granthiyon ka haaramon kailsiym ke chayaapachaya ka niyantran karta hai. kailsiym ke svaangeekaran ke liye yeh haaramon aavashyak hai. iski pratikriya se kailsiym, faasfet ke roop mein, mootr dvaara adhik maatra mein nikalne lagta hai jisse asthiyaaain vikrut ho jaati hain aur austiaaitis faaibrosa naamak rog ho jaata hai. iski kriya kam hone par tetaini rog hota hai.

prajanan granthiyaaain do hain, andagranthi (testeej) aur dinbagranthi (ovairi). pehli granthi purush mein hoti hai aur doosari stri mein.

andagranthi

andakosh mein donon or ek-ek granthi hoti hai. is granthi ki mukhya kriya shukraanu utpann karna hai jisse santaanotpatti ho aur vansh ki raksha ho. ye veerya ke saath ek vaahani nalika dvaara granthi se baahar nikalkar aur stri ke dinb se milkar garbhotpatti karte hain. is granthi mein ek doosra ant:sraav banta hai jo testausteron kahalaata hai. yeh sraav seedha shareer mein vyaapt ho jaata hai, baahar naheen aata. yeh shukraanuon ki utpatti ke liye aavashyak hai. purush mein purushatv ke lakshan yahi utpann karta hai. purush ki jananeindriyon ki vruddhi isi par nirbhar rahati hai. peeyooshika ke agrakhand mein ka sraav is haaramon ki utpatti ko badhaata hai.

dinbagranthi

dinbagranthiyaaain striyon ke udar ke nichle bhaag mein, jise shroni kehte hain, hoti hain. pratyek or ek granthi hoti hai. inka mukhya kaarya dinb utpann karna hai. dinb aur shukraanu ke sanyog se garbh ki sthaapana hoti hai. ismein se jo ant:sraav banta hai vah striyon mein streetv ke lakshan utpann karta hai. striyon ke rajodharm ka bhi yahi kaaran hota hai. kintu yeh kriya nishchit kaalaantar se hoti hai; samay aane par granthi tatha anya jananeindriyon ke roop mein tatha unki kriya mein bhi antar aa jaata hai.

agnyaashaya granthi mein koshikaaon ke samooh kai sthaanon mein paae jaate hain. in samoohon ka varnan sabse pehle laingarahains ne kiya tha. isi kaaran ye samooh laingarahains ki dveepikaaeain kahalaate hain. yadyapi inki koshikaaeain agnyaashaya granthi mein sthit hoti hain to bhi swayam granthi ki koshikaaon se ye aakaar tatha rachana mein bhinn hoti hain. inke dvaara utpann haaramon insyooleen kahalaata hai jo kaarabohaaidret ke chayaapachaya ka niyantran karta hai. is haaramon ki kami se madhumeh rog (daayabiteej) ho jaata hai.

isi prakaar and tatha agnyaashaya aur kuchh anya granthiyon mein bhi ant: tatha bahi: donon prakaar ke sraav bante hain.

yeh granthi vaksh ke agr antaraal mein sthit hai. yuvaavastha ke praarambh tak yeh granthi badhti rahati hai. uske pashchaat iska hraas hone lagta hai. is granthi ki kriya abhi tak naheen gyaat ho saki hai.

• ant:sraaviki ya ant:sraavavijnyaaan (indokraainoloji)
• bahi:sraavi granthi (Exocrine gland)