akshar kodan
akshar kootan ya sanprateek kootan (character encoding) ke antargat kisi lekhan paddhati mein prayukt sabhi aksharon evam prateekon ke liye alag-alag sankhyaaeain nirdhaarit kar di jaati hain. udaaharan ke liye aaski (ASCII) mein laitin akshar A ko niroopit karne ke liye sankhya 65 nirdhaarit ki gayi hai; B ke liye 66, C ke liye 67 aadi. inheen sankhyaaon ko 'koot' ya 'sanprateek koot' kaha jaata hai. kampyutar ke andar kisi tekst ko sahejane ya nirupit karne ke liye inheen sankhyaaon ka prayog hota hai.
mors code, aaski aur naveenatam yoonikod, 'akshar kootan' ke kuchh prakaar hain.
'akshar kootan' ke sthaan par 'sanprateek set', 'sanprateek maip' aur 'koot prusht' aadi shabdon ka prayog bhi kiya jaata hai. kabhi-kabhi 'akshar kootan' se seemit arth lagaaya jaata hai. yoonikod ke aane ke baad puraane akshar koding ko 'ligesi koding' kaha jaane laga hai. devanaagari ke liye krutidev,
anukram
itihaas
- 1840 : mors code
- 1930 : 5-bit wala bodaut koot (Baudot code)
- 1963 : 7-bit aaski (ASCII) ka janm
- 1981 : aaski ka 8-bit mein parivrdhan
- 1991 : yoonikod ka prastaav rakha gaya
pramukh akshar koot
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ISO 646
- aaski (ASCII)
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EBCDIC
- CP37
- CP930
- CP1047
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ISO 8859:
- ISO 8859-1 pashchimi Europe
- ISO 8859-2 pashchimi aur kenddreeya Europe
- ISO 8859-3 pashchimi tatha dakshin Europe (Turkey, Maltese plus Esperanto)
- ISO 8859-4 pashchimi Europe tatha baaltik desh (lithuaaniya, Estonia, Latvia and Lapp)
- ISO 8859-5 roosi varnamaala (Cyrillic alphabet)
- ISO 8859-6 arabi
- ISO 8859-7 yoonaani (Greek)
- ISO 8859-8 hibroo
- ISO 8859-9 Western Europe with amended Turkish character set
- ISO 8859-10 Western Europe with rationalised character set for Nordic languages, including complete Icelandic set
- ISO 8859-11 Thai
- ISO 8859-13 Baltic languages plus Polish
- ISO 8859-14 Celtic languages (Irish Gaelic, Scottish, Welsh)
- ISO 8859-15 Added the Euro sign and other rationalisations to ISO 8859-1
- ISO 8859-16 Central, Eastern and Southern European languages (Albanian, Croatian, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian and Slovenian, but also French, German, Italian and Irish Gaelic)
- CP437, CP737, CP850, CP852, CP855, CP857, CP858, CP860, CP861, CP862, CP863, CP865, CP866, CP869
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MS-Windows character sets:
- Windows-1250 for Central European languages that use Latin script, (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Slovene, Serbian, Croatian, Romanian and Albanian)
- Windows-1251 for Cyrillic alphabets
- Windows-1252 for Western languages
- Windows-1253 for Greek
- Windows-1254 for Turkish
- Windows-1255 for Hebrew
- Windows-1256 for Arabic
- Windows-1257 for Baltic languages
- Windows-1258 for Vietnamese
- Mac OS Roman
- KOI8-R, KOI8-U, KOI7
- MIK
- iski (ISCII)
- TSCII
- VISCII
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JIS X 0208 is a widely deployed standard for Japanese character encoding that has several encoding forms.
- Shift JIS (Microsoft Code page 932 is a dialect of Shift_JIS)
- EUC-JP
- ISO-2022-JP
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JIS X 0213 is an extended version of JIS X 0208.
- Shift_JIS-2004
- EUC-JIS-2004
- ISO-2022-JP-2004
- Chinese Guobiao
- GB 2312
- GBK (Microsoft Code page 936)
- GB 18030
- taivaan Big5 (a more famous variant is Microsoft Code page 950)
- haang kaang HKSCS
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Koreai
- KS X 1001 is a Korean double-byte character encoding standard
- EUC-KR
- ISO-2022-KR
- yoonikod (tatha iske upasamuchchaya, jaise 16-bit 'Basic Multilingual Plane'). dekhein yooteeef-8
- ANSEL or ISO/IEC 6937