aisfaalt

is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (September 2014)

mrut saagar se praapt praakrutik aisafaalt

sadak nirmaan mein asfaalt kankreet ki mool part

aisfaalt (angreji: Asphalt ˈaaæaas.fɒaalt (sahaayata·info)) ek chipchipa, kaala aur gaadha taral ya ardh-taral padaarth hota hai, jise kachche paitroliym se praapt kiya jaata hai. yeh praakrutik roop se bhi milta hai. pehle ise asfaaltam bhi kaha jaata hai. iska prayog sadak nirmaan, udaan patti nirmaan ityaadi mein hota hai.

'asfaalt' shabd ek yoonaani shabd se nikla hai jiska arth hai drudh, achal tatha surakshit. puraatan kaal mein asfaalt ka pratham upayog vibhinn prakaar ke do padaartho ko aapas mein jodne mein, jaise haatheedaaaint, seep ya ratnon se bani aaainkhon ko moortiyon ke chakshu gahvaron mein baithaane ke liye, kiya jaata tha. gyaat hua hai ki sambhavat: Bhaarat mein asfaalt ka sarvapratham upayog lagbhag 3,000 varsh E.poo. sindhu nadi ki ghaati mein, sindh pradesh ke mohan-jo-dado naamak sthaan par, jalabhandaar ki tankiyon ko chhidrarahit banaane mein kiya gaya tha.

asfaalt kaale se lekar gahre bhoore rang tak ke thos, athva ardhathos aur cement ke samaan jodne ka kaarya karanevaale padaarth hain, jo garam karne par dheere-dheere drav ho jaate hain. unke mukhya sanghatak bitumen (taarakol sadrush padaarth) hote hain. ye thos athva ardhathos avastha mein prakruti mein paae jaate hain ya petrolium ka parishodhan karne ke dauraan utpann hote hain, ya poorvakathit bitumen padaartho ke aapas mein, ya petrolium, ya usase nikle hue padaartho ke saath sanyog hone par, bante hain. praaya: yeh shabd praakrutik, ya prakruti mein paae jaanevaale, bitumen ke liye hi prayog mein aata hai.

asfaalt jheelon, athva chattaanon ke roop mein paaya jaata hai. Trinidad ki asfaalt jheel is prakaar ki jheelon mein sabse adhik prakhyaat hai. aisi jheelein kachche petrolium ke laakhon varsho tak sookhane se banti hain. jheelon se nikle hue asfaalt mein bahutere apadravya, jaise pedon ke ang, jantuon ke avashesh, patthar, baaloo ityaadi, mile rahate hain. chattaanon ke asfaalt France, Germany, aastriya, arab, dakshini amareeka ityaadi deshon mein paaya jaata hai.

nakali asfaalt, jisko bitumen kehte hain, kachche petrolium ka aasavan karne par bacha hua padaarth hain. petrol, mitti ka tel, snehak tail aur pairaafin mom nikaal lene ke pashchaat yahi padaarth bach jaata hai. taiyaar karne ki reeti mein bhed utpann kar bitumen ka gaadhaapan niyantrit kiya jaata hai aur bhinn-bhinn kaaryo ke liye kai prakaar ke bitumen taiyaar kiye jaate hain. jab shuddh asfaalt ka upayog naheen kiya ja sakta to usamein koi udnasheel padaarth milaakar patala tatha mulaayam bana liya jaata hai. upalabdh padaartho ko tab "kat back" kehte hain. kuchh avasthaaon mein, jaise nam ya bheegi sadkon ki satahon par lagaane ke liye, asfaalt ko paani ke saath milaakar paayas (imalshan) bana diya jaata hai.

asfaalt ke anek upayog hain. sabse adhik prachalit upayog to sadkon aur patariyon (futapaathon) ke farsho tatha havaai addon ke dhaavan maargo (ranavej) ko taiyaar karne mein hota hai. isko naharon tatha tankiyon mein astar dene ke tatha apaksharan-niyantran aur nadi tatha samudra ke kinaaron ki raksha ke kaaryo mein bhi prayukt kiya jaata hai. udyog mein asfaalt ka prayog bitumenarakshit (jalaavarodhak) kapda banaane mein kiya jaata hai jo chhat, farsh, jalarodhak tatha bhitiptt (vaalabord) ki rachana mein kaam aata hai. iske sivaaya asfaalt ka upayog vidyudrodhan ke liye hota hai. vitumenabalit kaagaj tatha vidyudavarodhak feete (insuleting tape) banaane mein bhi iska upayog hota hai. jodne mein tatha sandhi bharne mein yeh upayogi hai. nakali rabar, tail rang (aayal peint), vaaranish, inaimal, motor ki baitari aur sanchaayak (akyumuletar) ityaadi banaane tatha sheet-bhandaar (koldastorej) aur prasheetan (refrijreshan) ke kaarya mein bhi iska upayog hota hai.

kuchh varsh poorv tak Bhaarat mein asfaalt ka baahar se aayaat kiya jaata tha. kintu ab Mumbai mein shodhak kaarkhaane sthaapit kiye gaye hain, jahaaain par videsh se aae kachche petrolium ka shodhan kiya jaata hai aur bruhad maatra mein asfaalt is udyog ke avashisht padaarth ke roop mein milta hai. jahaaain tak asfaalt ka sambandh hai, Bhaarat ab aatmanirbhar ho gaya hai.

• Pavement Interactive - Asphalt
• U.S EPA
• Vegetable oil based Asphalt Binders
• Asphalt Magazine
• CSU Sacramento, The World Famous Asphalt Museum!
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Asphalt Fumes
• Repaving plans have hit a bump.The rising costs of asphalt and gas mean fewer repairs are slated for roads.
• Example of an Aphalt paving company.