afgaanistaan
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is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (September 2014) |
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جaaمaaهaaوaaرaaی اaaسaaلaaاaaمaaی اaaفaaغaaاaaنaaسaaتaaاaaن (faarasi: jomhoori-ye islaami-ye afgaanistaan) د اaaفaaغaaاaaنaaسaaتaaاaaن اaaسaaلaaاaaمaaي جaaمaaهaaوaaرaaیaaت (pashto: the afgaanistaan islaami jamhooriyt) afgaanistaan islaamik ganaraajya
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raashtragaan: afgaanistaan ka raashtragaan |
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rajdhani aur sabse badaa nagar |
Kabul 34°a31′aN 69°a08′aE / 34.517°aN 69.133°aE |
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| raajabhaasha(eain) | pashto, faarasi | |||||
| nivaasi | Afghan | |||||
| sarkaar | islaamik ganaraajya | |||||
| - | raashtrapati | asharaf gni ahamadaji | ||||
| - | pradhaanamantri | abdulla abdulla | ||||
| - | mukhya nyaayaadheesh | |||||
| sthaapana | ||||||
| - | pehla afagaani raajya | October 1747 | ||||
| - | yoonaaited kingadam se svatantrata | 19 August 1919 | ||||
| kshetrafal | ||||||
| - | kul | 647,500 varg kilometer (41 vaan) 251,772 varg meal |
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| - | jal (%) | 0 | ||||
| janasankhya | ||||||
| - | 2008 janaganana | 32,738,376 (37 vaan) | ||||
| - | 1979 janaganana | 13,051,358 | ||||
| sakal ghareloo utpaad (PPP) | 2008 praakkalan | |||||
| - | kul | $21.340 billion (96 vaan) | ||||
| - | prati vyakti | $758 (172 vaan) | ||||
| maanav vikaas soochakaank (2007) | 0.345 nimn · 174 |
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| mudra | afagaani (AFN) | |||||
| samay mandal | D† (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+4:30) | |||||
| doorabhaash koot | 93 | |||||
| Internet teeeladi | .af | |||||
afgaanistaan islaamik ganaraajya dakshini madhya Asia mein avasthit desh hai, jo chaaro or se jameen se ghira hua hai. praay: iski ginti madhya Asia ke deshon mein hoti hai par desh mein lagaataar chal rahe sangharshon ne ise kabhi madhya poorv to kabhi dakshin Asia se jod diya hai. iske poorv mein Pakistan, uttar poorv mein Bhaarat tatha cheen, uttar mein taajikistaan, kajaakastaan tatha Turkmenistan tatha pashchim mein Iran hai.
Afghanistan resham maarg aur maanav pravaas ka ek praacheen kendra bindu raha hai. puraatatvavidon ko madhya paashaan kaal aake maanav basti ke saakshya mile hain. is kshetr mein nagareeya sabhyata ki shuruaat 3000 se 2,000 E.poo. ke roop mein maani ja sakti hai. yeh kshetr ek aise bhoo-rananeetik sthaan par avasthit hai jo madhya Asia aur pashchim Asia ko bhaarateeya upamahaadveep ki sanskruti se jodta hai. is bhoomi par kushaan, hafthalit, samaani, gjnavi, gori, mugal, durraani aur anek doosare pramukh saamraajyon ka utthaan hua hai. praacheen kaal mein faaras tatha shak saamraajyon ka ang raha afgaanistaan kai samraaton, aakramanakaariyon tatha vijetaaon ki karmabhoomi raha hai. inmein sikndar, faarasi shaasak daara pratham, turk,mugal shaasak baabar, muhammad Gauri, naadir shaah ityaadi ke naam pramukh hain. british senaaon ne bhi kai baar afgaanistaan par aakraman kiya. vartamaan mein America dvaara taalebaan par aakraman kiye jaane ke baad naato(NATO) ki senaaen vahaan bani hui hain.
afgaanistaan ke pramukh nagar hain - rajdhani Kabul, kandhaar. yahaaain kai nasl ke log rahate hain jinmein pashtoon (pathaan ya afgaan) sabse adhik hain. iske alaava ujbek, taajik, turkamen aur hajaara shaamil hain. yahaaain ki mukhya bhaasha pashto hai. faarasi bhaasha ke afgaan roop ko dari kehte hain.
anukram
naam
afgaanistaan ka naam afgaan aur staan se milkar bana hai jiska shaabdik arth hai afgaanon ki bhoomi. staan is kshetr ke kai deshon ke naam mein hai jaise - Pakistan, Turkmenistan, kajaakhstaan, Hindustan ityaadi jiska arth hai bhoomi ya desh. afgaan ka arth yahaan ke sabse adhik vasit nasl (pashtoon) ko kehte hai. afgaan shabd ko sanskrut avagaan se nikla hua maana jaata hai. dhyaan rahe ke "afgaan" shabd mein g ki dhvani hai aur "g" ki naheen.
itihaas
maanav basaahat 10,000 saal se bhi adhik puraana ho sakta hai. isa ke 1800 saal pehle aaryon ka aagaman is kshetr mein hua. isa ke 700 saal pehle iske uttari kshetr me gaandhaar mahaajanapad tha jiske baare mein bhaarateeya srot mahaabhaarat tatha anya granthon mein varnan milta hai. isaapoorv 500 mein faaras ke hakhaamani shaasakon ne isko jeet liya. sikndar ke faaras vijay abhiyaan ke tahate afgaanistaan bhi yoonaani saamraajya ka ang ban gaya. iske baad yeh shakon ke shaasan mein aae. shak skeethiyon ke bhaarateeya ang the. isaapoorv 230 mein maurya shaasan ke tahat afgaanistaan ka sampoorn ilaaka aa chuka tha par mauryon ka shaasan adhik dinon tak naheen raha. iske baad paarthiyn aur fir saasaani shaasakon ne faaras mein kendrit apne saamraajyon ka hissa ise bana liya. saasani vansh islaam ke aagaman se poorv ka aakhiri Irani vansh tha. arabon ne khuraasaan par san 707 mein adhikaar kar liya. saamaani vansh, jo faarasi mool ke par sunni the, ne 987 isvi mein apna shaasan gajanaviyon ko kho diya jiske falasvaroop lagbhag sampoorn afgaanistaan gjnaviyon ke haathon aa gaya. gor ke shaasakon ne gajni par 1183 mein adhikaar kar liya.
madhyakaal mein kai afgaan shaasakon ne Delhi ki satta par adhikaar kiya ya karne ka prayatn kiya jinmein lodi vansh ka naam pramukh hai. iske alaava bhi kai muslim aakramanakaariyon ne Afghan shaahon ki madad se Hindustan par aakraman kiya tha jismein baabar, naadir shaah tatha Ahmad shaah abdaali shaamil hai. afgaanistaan ke kuchh kshetr Delhi saltanat ke ang the.
aadhunik kaal
unneesaveen sadi mein aangl-afgaan yuddhon ke kaaran afgaanistaan ka kaafi hissa british India ke adheen ho gaya jiske baad afgaanistaan mein Europeeya prabhaav badhta gaya. 1919 mein afgaanistaan ne videshi taakaton se ek baar fir svatantrata pai. aadhunik kaal mein 1933-1973 ke baach ka kaal afgaanistaan ka sabse adhik vyavasthit kaal raha jab jaahir shaah ka shaasan tha. par pehle uske jeeja tatha baad mein communist party ke sattaapalat ke kaaran desh mein fir se asthirta aa gayi. soviyt sena ne communist party ke sahayog ke liye desh mein kadam rakha aur mujaahideen ne soviyt senaaon ke khilaaf yuddh chhed diya aur baad mein America tatha Pakistan ke sahayog se soviyton ko vaapas jaana pada. 11 sitmbar 2001 ke hamle mein mujaahideen ke sahayog hone ki khabar ke baad America ne desh ke adhikaansh hisse par sattaarudh mujaahideen (Taliban), jisko kabhi America ne soviyt senaaon ke khilaaf ladne mein hathiyaaron se sahayog diya tha, ke khilaaf yuddh chhed diya.
vartamaan
vartamaan mein (February 2007) desh mein naato(NATO) ki senaaen bani hain aur desh mein lokataantrik sarkaar ka shaasan hai. haalaanki Taliban ne fir se kuchh kshetron par adhiptya jama liya hai, America ka kehna hai ki Taliban ko Pakistani jameen par falane-foolane diya ja raha hai.
prashaasanik vibhaag
afgaanistaan mein kul 34 prashaasanik vibhaag hain. inke naam hain -
bhoogol
afgaanistaan chaaron or se jameen se ghira hua hai aur iski sabse badi seema poorv ki or Pakistan se lagi hai. ise doorand rekha bhi kehte hain. kendreeya tatha uttarapoorv ki disha mein parvatamaalaaeain hain jo uttarapoorv mein taajikistaan sthit hindookush parvaton ka vistaar hain. aksar taapamaan ka dainik antaran adhik hota hai.
yeh bhi dekhiye
- afgaanistaan ke yuddh
- afgaanistaan ke nagaro ki soochi
- g ki dhvani
baahari kadiyaaain
- afgaanistaan kabhi aaryaana tha (ved prataap vaidik)