aardrata

vaayumandal mein vidyamaan adrushya jalavaashp ki maatra aardrata kahalaati hain. yeh aardrata pruthvi se vaashpeekaran ke vibhinn rupon dvaara vaayumandal mein pahunchati hain. aardrata ka jalavaayu vigyaan mein sarvaadhik mahatva hota hain, kyonki isi par varsha, tatha varshan ke vibhinn rup jaise vaayumandaleeya toofaan tatha vikshobh (chakravaat aadi) aadhaarit hote hain.

varsha, baadal, kuhara, os, ola, paala aadi se gyaat hota hai ki pruthvi ko ghere hue vaayumandal mein jalavaashp sada nyoonaadhik maatra mein vidyamaan rahata hai. prati ghan seinteemeetar hava mein jitna mileegraam jalavaashp vidyamaan hai, usaka maan ham raasaayanik aardrataamaapi se nikaalate hai, kintu adhiktar vaashp ki maatra ko vaashpadaav dvaara vyakt kiya jaata hai. vaayu-daab-maapi se jab ham vaayudaab gyaat karte hain tab usi mein jalavaashp ka bhi daab sammilit rahata hai.

aardrataamaapi - hava mein aardrata ki maatra ko naapane ka upakaran

vaayu ke ek nishchit aayatan mein kisi taap par jitna jalavaashp vidyamaan hota hai aur utani hi vaayu ko usi taap par santrupt karne ke liye jitne jalavaashp ki aavashyakta hoti hai, in donon raashiyon ke anupaat ko aapekshik aardrata (Relative humidity ya RH) kehte hai: arthaat‌ T taap par aapekshik aardrata ek ghan sein.mi. vaayu mein T seinteegred par prastut jalavaashpa¸ ek ghan seinteemeetar vaayu mein T seinteegred par santrupt jal vaashp. baaऍl ke anusaar yadi aayatan sthaayi ho to kisi gas ki maatra usi ke daab ki anupaati hoti hai. at:

aapekshik aardrata = prastut jalaavaashp ki daab / usi taap par jalavaashp ki santrupt daab

jalavaashp ki daab, osaank gyaat karne par, reno ki saarani se nikaala jaata hai.

vaayu ki nami se bada laabh hota hai. svaasthya ke liye vaayu mein kuchh ansh jalavaashp ka hona param aavashyak hai. hava ki nami se ped paudhe apni pattiyon dvaara jal praapt karte hain. greeshm ritu mein nami ki kami se vanaspatiyaaain kumhala jaati hain. hava mein nami adhik rahane se hamein pyaas kam lagti hai, kyonki shareer ke anginat chhidron se tatha shvaas lete samay jalavaashp bheetar jaata hai aur jal ki aavashyakta ki poorti bahut ansh mein ho jaati hai. shupk hava mein pyaas adhik lagti hain baahar ki shupkata ke kaaran tvacha ke chhidron se shareer ke bheetari jal ka vaashpan adhik hota hai, jisse bheetari jal ki maatra ghat jaati hai. garami ke dinon mein shupkata adhik hoti hai aur jaade mein kam, yadyapi aapekshik aardrata jaade mein kam aur garami mein adhik pai jaati hai. vaashpan hava ke taap par bhi nirbhar rahata hai.

rui ke udyog dhandhon ke liye hava mein nami ka hona param laabhakar hota hai. shushk hava mein dhaage toot jaate hain. achhe kaarkhaanon mein vaayu ki aardrata krutrim upaayon se sada anukool maan par rakhi jaati hai. hava ki nami se bahut se padaartho ki bheetari rachana par nirbhar hai. jhilleedaar padaarth nami paakar fail jaate hain or sookhane par sikud jaate hain. reshedaar padaarth nami khaakar lanbaai ki apeksha motaai mein adhik badhte hain. isi kaaran rassiyaan aur dhaage bhigo dene par chhote ho jaate hain. charakhe ki dori dheeli ho jaane par bhigokar kadi ki jaati hai. naya kapda paani mein bhigokar sukha dene ke baad sikud jaata hai, kintu rookha baal nami paakar bada ho jaata hai baal ki lanbaai mein 100 pratishat aardrata badhne par sookhi avastha ki apeksha 2.5 pratishat vruddhi hoti hai. baal ke bheetar proteen ke anuon ke beech jal ke anuon ki tah ban jaati hai, jiski motaai nami ke saath badhti jaati hai. in tahon ke prasaar se poore baal ki lanbaai badh jaati hai.

aardrataayukt vaayumandal pruthvi ke taap ko bahut kuchh surakshit rakhata hai. vaayumandal ki gaisein soorya ki rashmiyon mein se apni anuvaadi rashmiyon ko chunakar sokh leti hain. jalavaashp dvaara shoshan anya gaison ke shoshanon ke yog ki apeksha lagbhag doona hota hai. taap ke ghatne par vaheen jalavaashp dhuaaain, dhool tatha gaison ke anuon par sanghanit hota hai or kuhare, baadal aadi ki rachana hoti hai. aise sanghanit jalavaashp dvaara rashmiyon ka shoshan bahut adhik hota hai. jalavaashp 10 myoo tarangadairghya ki rashmiyon ke liye paaradarshak hota hai, kintu 0.1 mileemeetar moti jalavaashp ki tah inke keval 1/100 bhaag ko paar hone deti hai [1myoo=1 maaikraun=10,000A. (engastraam) aur 1A.=10E—aa8 seinteemeetar]. at: baadal or kuhara, jinki motaai chaar chhah meter hoti hai, kaale pind ke samaan poorn shoshak tatha vikeernak hote hain, soorya ke prushth taap 6000° sein. hota hai. veen ke dviteeya niyam ke anusaar anya rashmiyon ke saath 0.5 myoo tarangadairghyavaali rashmiyaan uchchatam teevrata se vikeern hoti hain. veen ka niyam hai :

lm=b/T

jahaaain tapt pind se vikeern rashmi ka tarangadairghya lm hai, sthiraank b = 2940 aur T paramataap hai.

yadi vaayumandal mein baadal na ho to sabhi chhoti rashmiyaaain pruthvi par chali aati hain. yadi baadal athva ghana kuhara rahata he to 80 pratishat bhaag paraavartit hokar oopar chala jaata hai, keval 20 pratishat bhaag pruthvi par pahooainchata hai. in rashmiyon se dharaatal ka taap badhkar 20° sein. se 30° sein., arthaat‌ lagbhag 300° paramataap ho jaata hai. veen ke poorvokt niyam ke anusaar 10 myoo ke aaspaas ki rashmiyaaain adhik teevrata se vikeern hoti hain. in rashmiyon ko baadal aur kuhara paraavartit kar oopar naheen jaane dete aur is praakrutik vidhaan se dharaatal tatha vaayumandal ka taap ghatne naheen paata. kanbalaroopi vaayumandal kaachagruh ke samaan taap ko surakshit rakhata hai. yahi kaaran hai ki jaade ki dinon mein kuhara rahane par thandak adhik naheen lagti. badli hone par garmi badh jaati hai tatha nirmal aakaash rahane par thandak badh jaati hai.

• vishisht aardrata
• nirpeksh aardrata
• saapeksh aardrata
• aapekshik aardrata