Tibet ka itihaas

yeh lekh ek aadhaar hai. aap ise badhaakar vikipeediya ki sahaayata kar sakte hain. the va b

potala mahal

madhya Asia ki uchch parvat shreniyon, kunalun evam himaalaya ke madhya sthit 16000 foot ki ooainchaai par sthit Tibet ka aitihaasik vrutaant lagbhag 7veen shataabdi se milta hai. 8veen shataabdi se hi yahaaain bauddh dharm ka prachaar praanrabh hua. 1013 i0 mein Nepal se dharmapaal tatha anya bauddh vidvaan Tibet gaye. 1042 i0 mein deepankar shreejnyaaan atisha Tibet pahuainche aur bauddh dharm ka prachaar kiya. shaakyavanshiyon ka shaasanakaal 1207 i0 mein praanrabh hua. mangolon ka ant 1720 i0 mein cheen ke maaainchhu prashaasan dvaara hua. tatkaaleen saamraajyavaadi angreinjon ne, jo dakshin poorv Asia mein apna prabhutv sthaapit karne mein safalta praapt karte ja rahe the, yahaaain bhi apni satta sthaapit karni chaahi, par 1788-1792 i0 ke gurakhon ke yuddh ke kaaran unke pair yahaaain naheen jam sake. parinaamasvaroop 19veen shataabdi tak Tibet ne apni svatantr satta sthir rakhi yadyapi isi beech laddaakh par Kashmir ke shaasak ne tatha sikkim par angreinjon ne aadhiptya jama liya. angreinjon ne apni vyaapaarik chaukiyon ki sthaapana ke liye kai asafal prayatn kiya.

itihaas ke anusaar Tibet ne dakshin mein Nepal se bhi kai baar yuddh karna pada aur Nepal ne isko haraaya. Nepal aur Tibet ki sandhi ke mutaabik Tibet ne har saal Nepal ko 5000 nepaali rupaye harajaana bharna pada. isse aajit hokar Nepal se yuddh karne ke liye cheen se sahaayata maaaingi. cheen ke sahaayata se usane Nepal se chhutakaara to paaya lekin iske baad 1906-7 i0 mein Tibet par cheen ne apna adhikaar banaaya aur yaatung gyaadse evam garatok mein apni chaukiyaaain sthaapit ki. 1912 i0 mein cheen se maanchhu shaasan ant hone ke saath Tibet ne apne ko pun: svatantr raashtra ghoshit kar diya. san 1913-14 mein cheen, Bhaarat evam Tibet ke pratinidhiyon ki baithak Shimla mein hui jismein is vishaal pathaari raajya ko bhi do bhaagon mein vibhaajit kar diya gaya:

• (1) poorvi bhaag jismein vartamaan cheen ke chingahai evam sichuaan praant hain. ise 'antarvarti Tibet' (Inner Tibet) kaha gaya.
• (2) pashchimi bhaag jo bauddh dharmaanuyaayi shaasak laama ke haath mein raha. ise 'baahya Tibet' (Outer Tibet) kaha gaya.

san 1933 i0 mein 13vein dalaai laama ki mrutyu ke baad se baahya Tibet bhi dheere-dheere cheeni ghere mein aane laga. cheeni bhoomi par laalit-paalit 14 vein dalaai laama ne 1940 i0 mein shaasan bhaar sainbhaala. 1950 i0 mein jab ye saarvabhaum satta mein aae to panchhen laama ke chunaav mein donon deshon mein shaktipradarshan ki naubat tak aa gayi evam cheen ko aakraman karne ka bahaana mil gaya. 1951 ki sandhi ke anusaar yeh saamyavaadi cheen ke prashaasan mein ek svatantr raajya ghoshit kar diya gaya. isi samay se bhoomisudhaar kaanoon evam dalaai laama ke adhikaaron mein hastakshep evam katauti hone ke kaaran asantosh ki aag sulagane lagi jo kramash: 1956 evam 1959 i0 mein joron se bhadak uthi. parantu balaprayog dvaara cheen ne ise daba diya. atyaachaaron, hatyaaon aadi se kisi prakaar bachakar dalaai laama Nepal pahuainch sake. abhi ve Bhaarat mein rahakar cheen se Tibet ko alag karne ki koshish kar rahe hain. ab sarvatobhaaven cheen ke anugat panchhen laama yahaaain ke naamamaatr ke prashaasak hain.

san 1910 ke Tibet ke dalaai laama

Tibet ke vartamaan dalaai laama

• 1912: cheen mein King vansh ke patan ke baad cheeni sena Tibet ki rajdhani lhaasa se baahar kar di gayi. terahavein dalaai laama ne svatantrata ki ghoshana ki aur 1950 tak tibbatiyon ne vahaan shaasan kiya.
• 1935: 6 July ko chaudahavein dalaai laama ka janm hua.
• 1950: October mein cheen ki people's liberation army Tibet mein daakhil hui. November mein chaudahavein dalaai laama ki taajaposhi hui.
• 1951: May mein Tibet ke pratinidhiyon ne dabaav mein aakar cheen ke saath ek 17-sootri samjhaute par hastaakshar kiye jismein Tibet ko svaayattata dene ka vaada kiya gaya tha. September mein people's liberation army lhaasa mein daakhil ho gayi.
• 1954: dalaai laama ne peeking ki yaatra ki.
• 1959: 10 March ko cheen ke kabje ke khilaaf vidroh shuroo hua.
• 1965: cheen ne Tibet svaayatt kshetr ka gathan kiya.
• 1979: Tibet mein mand gati se udaareekaran shuroo hua.
• 1985: Tibet ko bade paimaane par paryatan ke liye khol diya gaya.
• 1987: lhaasa aur shigaatse mein vidroh shuroo.
• 1989: hoo jintaao aur unki party ke netaaon ke netrutv mein Tibet mein virodh pradarshan daba diya gaya.
• 2002: cheen sarkaar ne dalaai laama ke saath baatcheet praarambh ki. lekin vaarta ab tak benateeja.
• 2008: 14 March ko lhaasa mein cheen virodhi dange ke baad Tibet mein virodh pradarshan shuroo hua. cheen sarkaar ne is pradarshan ko daba diya. kai logon ki giraftaari bhi hui aur Tibet mein videshi patrakaaron ke ghusne par pratibandh laga diya gaya.

• tibbati bauddh dharm
• Tibet ki sanskruti

• Tibet:sankshipt itihaas
• dalaai laama ki Tibet ke liye jang (svatantr aavaaj)
• Tibet par cheen ke khooni atyaachaaron ke pachaas varsh (da.sateesh chandr mittal)