Sri Lanka ka itihaas

itihaasakaaron mein is baat ki aam dhaarana thi ki Sri Lanka ke aadim nivaasi aur dakshin Bhaarat ke aadim maanav ek hi the. par abhi taaja khudaai se pata chala hai ki Sri Lanka ke shuruaati maanav ka sambandh uttar Bhaarat ke logon se tha. bhaashik vishleshanon se pata chalta hai ki sinhali bhaasha, gujaraati aur sindhi se judi hai.

praacheen kaal se hi Sri Lanka par shaahi sinhala vansh ka shaasan raha hai. samay samay par dakshin bhaarateeya raajavanshon ka bhi aakraman bhi ispar hota raha hai. teesari sadi isa poorv mein maurya samraat ashok ke putr Mahendra ke yahaan aane par bauddh dharm ka aagaman hua. ibnabatoota ne chaudahaveen sadi mein dweep ka bhraman kiya.

is dweep par baalangoda logon (is naam ke sthaan par naamakrut) ka nivaas koi 34,000 varsh poorv se tha. unhein mesolithik shikaari sangrahakarta ke roop mein maanyata di gayi hai. jau aur kuchh anya khaadyaannon se dveepanivaasiyon ka parichay isaapoorv 15,000 isvi tak ho gaya tha. praacheen misr mein isa poorv 1500 isvi ke aaspaas daalacheeni (daaracheeni) upalabdh thi jiska mool Sri Lanka samjha jaata hai, arthaat us samay se in do deshon ke beech vyaapaarik sambandh rahe honge. angrej yaatri aur raajanayik sar James imarsan tenent ne Sri Lanka ke shahar gaale ki pehchaan hibroo baaibal mein varnit sthaan taarshish se ki hai.

bhaarateeya pauraanik kaavyon mein is sthaan ka varnan lanka ke roop mein kiya gaya hai. raamaayan, jiski rachana sambhavat: isaapoorv 4thi se doosari sadi ke beech hui hogi, mein is sthaan ko raakshasaraaj raavan ka nivaas sthaan bataaya gaya hai. bauddh granth deepavansh aur mahaavansh mein diye gaye vivran ke anusaar is dweep par bhaarateeya aaryon ke aagaman se poorv yaksh tatha naagon ka vaas tha.

anuraadhapura (ya anuraadhaapura) ke paas paae gaye mrudabhaandon par braahmi tatha gair-braahmi lipi mein likhaavat mile hain jo isaapoorv 600 isvi ke hain.

paali saamayik deepavansh, mahaavansh aur chaaluvansh, kai prastar lekh tatha bhaarateeya aur barma ke saamayik lekh chhathi sadi isaapoorv ke Sri Lanka ki jaankaari dete hain. mahaavansh paanchavi sadi mein likha gaya bauddh granth hai jiski rachana naagasen ne ki thi. yeh bhaarateeya tatha shreelankaai shaasakon ka vivran deta hai. isse hi samraat ashok ke jeevanakaal ka sahi pata chalta hai jismein likha hai ki ashok ka janm buddh ke 218 saal baad hua. iske anusaar raaja vijay ke 700 anuyaayi is dweep par kaling (aadhunik udeesa) se aae. is dweep par vijay ne apne kadam rakhe jismein usane ise taamraparni ka naam diya (taanbe ke patto jaisi). yahi naam taulemi ke nakshe mein bhi ankit hua. vijay ek Rajkumar tha jiska janm, kathaaon ke anusaar ek Rajkumari aur Singh (sher) ke sanyog se hua tha. uske vanshaj sinhali kahalaae. hanlaanki vanshaanugat vaigyaanik anusandhaanon se pata chalta hai ki yahaan ke log ek mishrit jaati ke log hain aur inka bhaarateeya upamahaadveep ke logon se sambandh ab bhi vivaad ka vishay hai.

paandya raajavansh ki mudra jismein haathi aur pahaadi ke beech mandir dikhaaya gaya hai (pratham shataabdi)

uttar Bhaarat ke logon ke aagaman se aur dakshin bhaarateeya saamraajyon ki shakti badhne se dweep par dakshin bhaarateeya aakraman bhi shuru hue. sena aur guttaka do praacheen tamil shaasak the jinhonne doosari sadi isaapoorv ke aaspaas shaasan kiya. inke astitv ka pramaan to kuchh naheen milta hai par mahaavansh mein inka apratyaksh jikr kiya gaya hai.

isi prakaar praacheen Bhaarat ke mahaajanapad kambojon se bhi inka sambandh lagaaya jaata hai. yavan (greek), joki uttar pashchim Bhaarat mein kambojon ke padosi the, se bhi inka vyaapaarik sambandh tha aur unke vyaapaarik upanivesh bhi in kshetron mein the - khaaskar anuraadhapura ke ilaake mein.

devanamapiya tissa (isaapoorv 250 isvi - isaapoorv 210 isvi) ke sambandh raaja ashok se the jiske kaaran us dauraan Sri Lanka mein bauddh dharm ka aagaman aur prasaar hua. ashok ke putr Mahendra (mahend), sanghamitr ke saath, bodhi vruksh apne saath jambookola (sambiliturai) laaya. yeh samay theraavaad bauddh dharm tatha Sri Lanka dono ke liye mahatvapoorn hai.

prasiddh chol raaja elaara ne 215 isaapoorv se isaapoorv 161 isvi tak raaj kiya. kavan tissa ke putr duttu gemunu ne use isaapoorv 161 isvi mein, dantakathaaon ke anasaar 15 varsh ke sangharsh ke baad hara diya. iske baad paanch tamil saradaaron ne yahaan raaj kiya jiske baad tamil shaasan ka tatkaal ant ho gaya. isi samay bauddh granth tripitk ki rachana hui.

mahaasen (274-301 isvi) ne theraavaad ka daman kiya aur mahaayaan bauddh dharm pradhaan hota gaya. paandu (429 isvi) is dweep ka pehla paandya shaasak tha. uske vansh ke aakhiri shaasak ko manavamma (684-718 isvi) ne pallavon ki madat se hara diya. agale teen sadiyon tak pallavon ke adheen rahane ke baad dakshin Bhaarat mein paandyon ka fir se udaya hua. anuraadhapura par paandyon ka aakraman hua aur use loot liya gaya. hanlaanki isi samay sinhaliyon ne paandyon par aakraman kiya aur unhonne paandyon ke nagar madurai ko loot liya.

dasveen sadi mein cholon ka udaya hua aur Rajendra chol pratham ne sabko dakshin-poorv ki or khaded diya. par 1055 isvi mein vijyabaahu ne vaapas poore dweep par adhikaar kar liya. terahaveen sadi ke aarambh mein kaling ke raaja maagh ne tamil tatha keralaai ladaakon ke saath is dweep par aakraman kar diya. uske aur paravarti shaasakon ke kaal mein rajdhani anuraadhapura se dakshin ki taraf khiskati gayi aur candy pahunch gayi. saath hi jaafana ka udaya ek praanteeya shakti ke roop mein hua. paraakram baahu shashth (1411-66) ek paraakrami shaasak tha jisne sampoorn Sri Lanka ko apne adheen kar liya. vo kala ka bhi bada prashainsak tha aur usane kai kaviyon ko protsaahan diya. uske shaasanakaal mein rajdhani kotte kar di gayi jo jayavardhanapura ke naam se aaj bhi Sri Lanka ki prashaasanik rajdhani hai (Colombo ke poorvi bhaag mein).

battiklova ka purtagaali durg

solahaveen shataabdi mein Europeeya shaktiyon ne Sri Lanka mein kadam rakha aur Sri Lanka vyaapaar ka kendra banta gaya. desh chai, rabad, cheeni, kaufi, daalacheeni sahit anya masaalon ka niryaatak ban gaya. pehle Portugal ne Colombo ke paas apna durg banaaya. dheere dheere purtagaaliyon ne apna prabhutv aaspaas ke ilaakon mein bana liya. Sri Lanka ke nivaasiyon mein unke prati ghruna ghar kar gayi. unhone dach logo se madat ki appeal ki. 1630 isvi mein dachon ne purtagaaliyon par hamla bola aur unhe maar giraaya. par unhone aam logon par aur bhi jordaar kar lagaae. 1660 mein ek angrej ka jahaaj galati se is dweep par aa gaya. use candy ke raaja ne kaid kar liya. unnees saal tak kaaraagaar mein rahane ke baad vah yahaan se bhaag nikla aur usane apne anubhavon par aadhaarit ek pustak likhi jiske baad angrejon ka dhyaan bhi ispar gaya. Netherland par France ke adhikaar hone ke baad angrejon ko dar hua ki Sri Lanka ke dach ilaakon par fraansisi adhikaar ho jaaega. isliye unhone dach ilaakon par adhikaar karna aarambh kar diya. 1800 isvi ke aate aate tateeya ilaakon par angrejon ka adhikaar ho gaya. 1818 tak antim raajya candy ke raaja ne bhi aatmasamarpan kar diya aur is tarah sampoorn Sri Lanka par angrejon ka adhikaar ho gaya. 1930 ke dashak mein svaadheenata aandolan tej hua. dviteeya vishvayuddh ke baad 4 February 1948 ko desh ko sanyukt raajashaahi se poorn svatantrata mili.

svatantrata sangraam

tamil raashtravaad aur jaateeya sangharsh

1980 ke dashak mein jaateeya sangharsh ne bheeshan roop le liya. yeh sangharsh ab tak (March,2007) tak chal raha hai. baach beech mein kuchh sangharshaviraam samajhote hue the par lambe samay tak iska palan naheen hua.

• mahaavansh
• deepavansh

• Sri Lanka ne likha aajaadi ka naya itihaas
• praacheen Sri Lanka aur usaka itihaas (svatantr aavaaj)
• Sri Lanka ke itihaas par lekhon ki shrrunkhala - lanka laaibreri dot com (angreji mein)
• histreevarld dot net par Sri Lanka ka itihaas