Rajyasabha
| Bhaarat |
 yeh lekh yeh shreni ke sambandh mein hai: |
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kaaryakaarini |
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sthaaneeya |
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anya desh • praveshadvaar:raajaneeti praveshadvaar:Bhaarat sarkaar |
Rajyasabha bhaarateeya lokatantr ki oopari pratinidhi sabha hai. Loksabha nichli pratinidhi sabha hai. Rajyasabha mein 250 sadasya hote hain. jinme 12 sadasya Bhaarat ke raashtrapati ke dvaara naamaankit hote hain. inhein 'naamit sadasya' kaha jaata hai. anya sadasyon ka chunaav hota hai. Rajyasabha mein sadasya 6 saal ke liye chune jaate hain, jinme ek-tihaai sadasya har 2 saal mein seva-nivrut hote hain.
kisi bhi sangheeya shaasan me sangheeya vidhaayika ka oopari bhaag samvaidhaanik baadhyata ke chalte raajya hiton ki sangheeya star par raksha karne wala banaaya jaata hai. isi siddhaant ke chalte raajya sabha ka gathan hua hai. isi kaaran raajya sabha ko sadanon ki samaanata ke roop me dekha jaata hai jiska gathan hi sansad ke dviteeya sadan ke roop me hua hai. Rajyasabha ka gathan ek punareekshan sadan ke roop me hua hai jo Loksabha dvaara paas kiye gaye prastaavon ki punareeksha kare. yeh mantriprishd me visheshagyon ki kami bhi poori kar sakti hai kyonki kam se kam 12 visheshagya to is mein manoneet hote hi hain. aapaatakaal lagaane vaale sabhi prastaav jo raashtrapati ke saamane jaate hain, raajya sabha dvaara bhi paas hone chaahiye.
Bhaarat ke uparaashtrapati (vartamaan mein mohammad haamid Ansari) Rajyasabha ke sabhaapati hote hain. Rajyasabha ka pehla satr 13 May 1952 ko hua tha.
anukram
prushthabhoomi
raajya sabha ek aisa naam hai jiski ghoshana sabhaapeeth dvaara sabha mein 23 August 1954 ko ki gayi thi. iski apni khaas visheshataaen hain. Bhaarat mein dviteeya sadan ka praarambh 1918 ke monteg-chemsaford prativedan se hua. Bhaarat sarkaar adhiniyam, 1919 mein tatkaaleen vidhaanamandal ke dviteeya sadan ke taur par kaaunsil of states ka srujan karne ka upabandh kiya gaya jiska visheshaadhikaar seemit tha aur jo vastut: 1921 mein astitv mein aaya. Governor-general tatkaaleen kaaunsil of states ka paden adhyaksh hota tha. Bhaarat sarkaar adhiniyam, 1935 ke maadhyam se iske gathan mein shaayad hi koi parivartan kiye gaye.
samvidhaan sabha, jiski pehli baithak 9 December 1946 ko hui thi, ne bhi 1950 tak kendreeya vidhaanamandal ke roop mein kaarya kiya, fir ise 'anantim sansad' ke roop mein parivrtit kar diya gaya. is avadhi ke dauraan, kendreeya vidhaanamandal jise 'samvidhaan sabha' (vidhaayi) aur aage chalakar 'anantim sansad' kaha gaya, 1952 mein pehle chunaav karaae jaane tak, ek-sadani raha.
svatantr Bhaarat mein dviteeya sadan ki upayogita athva anupayogita ke sambandh mein samvidhaan sabha mein vistrut bahas hui aur antat: svatantr Bhaarat ke liye ek dvisdani vidhaanamandal banaane ka nirnaya mukhya roop se isliye kiya gaya kyonki parisangheeya pranaali ko apaar vividhtaaon vaale itne vishaal desh ke liye sarvaadhik sahaj svaroop ki sarkaar maana gaya. vastut:, ek pratyaksh roop se nirvaachit ekal sabha ko svatantr Bhaarat ke samaksh aane waali chunautiyon ka saamana karne ke liye aparyaapt samjha gaya. at:, 'kaaunsil of states' ke roop mein gyaat ek aise dviteeya sadan ka srujan kiya gaya jiski sanrachana aur nirvaachan paddhati pratyakshat: nirvaachit lok sabha se poornat: bhinn thi. ise ek aisa anya sadan samjha gaya, jiski sadasya sankhya lok sabha (house of peepul) se kam hai. iska aashay parisangheeya sadan arthaat ek aisi sabha se tha jiska nirvaachan raajyon aur do sangh raajya kshetron ki sabhaaon ke nirvaachit sadasyon dvaara kiya gaya, jinmein raajyon ko samaan pratinidhitv naheen diya gaya. nirvaachit sadasyon ke alaava, raashtrapati dvaara sabha ke liye baarah sadasyon ke naamanirdeshan ka bhi upabandh kiya gaya. iski sadasyata hetu nyoonatam aayu tees varsh niyat ki gayi jabki nichle sadan ke liye yeh pachchees varsh hai. kaaunsil of states ki sabha mein garima aur pratishtha ke avayav sanyojit kiye gaye. aisa Bhaarat ke uparaashtrapati ko raajya sabha ka paden sabhaapati banaakar kiya gaya, jo iski baithakon ka sabhaapatitv karte hain.
sanrachana/sankhya
samvidhaan ke anuchhed 80 mein raajya sabha ke sadasyon ki adhiktam sankhya 250 nirdhaarit ki gayi hai, jinmein se 12 sadasya raashtrapati dvaara naamanirdeshit kiye jaate hain aur 238 sadasya raajyon ke aur sangh raajya kshetron ke pratinidhi hote hain. tathaapi, raajya sabha ke sadasyon ki vartamaan sankhya 245 hai, jinmein se 233 sadasya raajyon aur sangh raajyakshetr Delhi tatha Puducherry ke pratinidhi hain aur 12 raashtrapati dvaara naamanirdeshit hain. raashtrapati dvaara naamanirdeshit kiye jaane vaale sadasya aise vyakti honge jinhein saahitya, vigyaan, kala aur samaaj seva jaise vishyon ke sambandh mein vishesh gyaan ya vyaavahaarik anubhav hai.
sthaanon ka aavantan
samvidhaan ki chauthi anusoochi mein raajya sabha mein raajyon aur sangh raajya kshetron ko sthaanon ke aavantan ka upabandh hai. sthaanon ka aavantan pratyek raajya ki janasankhya ke aadhaar par kiya jaata hai. raajyon ke punargathan tatha nae raajyon ke gathan ke parinaamasvaroop, raajyon aur sangh raajya kshetron ko aavantit raajya sabha mein nirvaachit sthaanon ki sankhya varsh 1952 se lekar ab tak samay-samay par badalti rahi hai.
paatrata
samvidhaan ke anuchhed 84 mein sansad ki sadasyata ke liye arhataaen nirdhaarit ki gayi hain. raajya sabha ki sadasyata ke liye arh hone ke liye kisi vyakti ke paas nimnalikhit arhataaen honi chaahiye:
(k) use Bhaarat ka naagrik hona chaahiye aur nirvaachan aayog dvaara is nimitt praadhikrut kisi vyakti ke samaksh teesari anusoochi mein is prayojan ke liye diye gaye praroop ke anusaar shapath lena chaahiye ya pratijnyaaan karna chaahiye aur us par apne hastaakshar karne chaahiye;
(kh) use kam se kam tees varsh ki aayu ka hona chaahiye;
(g) uske paas aisi anya arhataaen honi chaahiye jo sansad dvaara banaai gayi kisi vidhi dvaara ya uske adheen is nimitt vihit ki jaaen.
nirrhataaen
samvidhaan ke anuchhed 102 mein yeh nirdhaarit kiya gaya hai ki koi vyakti sansad ke kisi sadan ka sadasya chune jaane ke liye aur sadasya hone ke liye nirrhit hoga-
(k) yadi vah Bhaarat sarkaar ke ya kisi raajaya ki sarkaar ke adheen, aise pad ko chhodkar, jisko dhaaran karne vaale ka nirrhit na hona sansad ne vidhi dvaara ghoshit kiya hai, koi laabh ka pad dhaaran karta hai;
(kh) yadi vah vikrutachit hai aur saksham nyaayaalaya ki aisi ghoshana vidyamaan hai;
(g) yadi vah anunmochit divaaliya hai;
(gh) yadi vah Bhaarat ka naagrik naheen hai ya usane kisi videshi raajya ki naagarikta svechha se arjit kar li he ya vah kisi videshi raajya ke prati nishtha ya anushakti ko abhisveekaar kiye hue hai;
(d.) yadi vah sansad dvaara banaai gayi kisi vidhi dvaara ya uske adheen is prakaar nirrhit kar diya jaata hai.
spashteekaran- is khand ke prayojanon ke liye, koi vyakti keval is kaaran Bhaarat sarkaar ke ya kisi raajya ki sarkaar ke adheen laabh ka pad dhaaran karne wala naheen samjha jaaega ki vah sangh ka ya aise raajya ka mantri hai. iske atirikt, samvidhaan ki dasveen anusoochi mein dal-parivartan ke aadhaar par sadasyon ki nirrhata ke baare mein upabandh kiya gaya hai. dasveen anusoochi ke upabandhon ke anusaar, koi sadasya ek sadasya ke roop mein us dasha mein nirrhit hoga, yadi vah svechha se apne raajaneetik dal ki sadasyata chhod deta hai; ya vah aise raajaneetik dal dvaara, jiska vah sadasya hai, diye gaye kisi nidesh ke viruddh sadan mein matadaan karta hai ya matadaan karne se virt rahata hai aur aise matadaan ya matadaan karne se virt rahane ko us raajaneetik dal dvaara pandrah din ke bheetar maaf naheen kiya gaya hai. nirdaleeya ummeedavaar ke roop mein nirvaachit sadasya nirrhit hoga yadi vah apne nirvaachan ke pashchaat kisi raajaneetik dal mein sammilit ho jaata hai. tathaapi, raashtrapati dvaara sadan ke kisi naamanirdeshit sadasya ko kisi raajaneetik dal mein sammilit hone ki anumati hogi yadi vah sadan mein apna sthaan grahan karne ke pehle chhah maas ke bheetar aisa karta/karti hai. kisi sadasya ko is aadhaar par nirrhit naheen kiya jaaega yadi vah raajya sabha ka up-sabhaapati nirvaachit hone ke pashchaat apne raajaneetik dal ki sadasyata svechha se chhod deta/deti hai.
nirvaachan/naamanirdeshan ki prakriya
raajya sabha mein raajyon aur sangh raajya kshetron ke pratinidhiyon ka nirvaachan apratyaksh nirvaachan paddhati dvaara kiya jaata hai. pratyek raajya tatha do sangh raajya kshetron ke pratinidhiyon ka nirvaachan us raajya ki vidhaan sabha ke nirvaachit sadasyon tatha us sangh raajya kshetr ke nirvaachak mandal ke sadasyon, jaisa bhi maamala ho, dvaara ekal sankramaneeya mat dvaara aanupaatik pratinidhitv pranaali ke anusaar kiya jaata hai. Delhi raashtreeya rajdhani kshetr ke nirvaachak mandal mein Delhi vidhaan sabha ke nirvaachit sadasya aur Puducherry sangh raajya kshetr ke nirvaachak mandal mein Puducherry vidhaan sabha ke nirvaachit sadasya shaamil hain.
dvi-vaarshik/up-chunaav
raajya sabha ek sthaayi sadan hai aur yeh bhang naheen hota. tathaapi, pratyek do varsh baad raajya sabha ke ek-tihaai sadasya seva-nivrutt ho jaate hain. poornakaalik avadhi ke liye nirvaachit sadasya chhah varshon ki avadhi ke liye kaarya karta hai. kisi sadasya ke kaaryakaal ki samaapti par sevaanivrutti ko chhodkar anyatha utpann hui rikti ko bharne ke liye karaaya gaya nirvaachan 'up-chunaav' kahalaata hai. up-chunaav mein nirvaachit koi sadasya us sadasya ki shesh kaaryaavadhi tak sadasya bana rah sakta hai jisne tyaagapatr de diya tha ya jiski mrutyu ho gayi thi ya jo dasveen anusoochi ke adheen sabha ka sadasya hone ke liye nirrhit ho gaya tha.
raajya sabha ka sangheeya svaroop
- raajya sabha ka gathan hi raajya parishad ke roop me samvidhaan ke sangheeya svaroop ka pratinidhitv dene ke liye hua tha
- raajya sabha ke sadsya mantri parishad ke sadasya ban sakte hai jisse sangheeya star par nirnaya lene me raajya ka pratinidhitv hoga
- raashtrapati ke nirvaachan tatha mahaabhiyog tatha uparaashtrapati ke nirvaachan me samaan roop se bhaag leti hai
- anu 249,312 bhi raajya sabha ke sangheeya svaroop tatha raajyau ke sanrakshak roop me ubhaarate hai
- sabhi samvidhaan sanshodhan bill bhi is ke dvaara pruthak sabha kar tatha 2/3 bahumat se paas honge
- sansad ki sveekruti chaahane vaale sabhi prastaav jo ki aapaatakaal se jude ho bhi Rajyasabha dvaara paarit honge
raajya sabha ke gair sangheeya tatv
- sangheeya kshetron ko bhi raajya sabha me pratinidhitv milta hai jisse iska svaroop gair sangheeya ho jaata hai
- raajyon ka pratinidhitv raajyon ki samaanata ke aadhaar par naheen hai jaisa ki America mein hai. vahaaain pratyek raajya ko
senate me do sthaan milte hai kintu Bhaarat mein sthaanau ka aavantan aabaadi ke aadhaar par kiya gaya hai - raajya sabha mein manoneet sadsyon ka praavadhaan hai
peethaaseen adhikaareegan-sabhaapati aur upasabhaapati
raajya sabha ke peethaaseen adhikaariyon ki yeh jimmedaari hoti hai ki ve sabha ki kaaryavaahi ka sanchaalan karein. Bhaarat ke uparaashtrapati raajya sabha ke paden sabhaapati hain. raajya sabha ke sadasyon ke vipreet Rajyasabha ke sabhaapati ka kaaryakaal 5 varshon ka hi hota hai, raajya sabha apne sadasyon mein se ek upasabhaapati ka bhi chayan karti hai. raajya sabha mein upasabhaadhyakshon ka ek panel bhi hota hai, jiske sadasyon ka naamanirdeshan sabhaapati, raajya sabha dvaara kiya jaata hai. sabhaapati aur upasabhaapati ki anupasthiti mein, upasabhaadhyakshon ke panel se ek sadasya sabha ki kaaryavaahi ka sabhaapatitv karta hai. lok sabha ke vipreet Rajyasabha ka sabhaapati apna istifa upasabhaapati ko naheen balki raashtrapati ko deta hai.
mahaasachiv
mahaasachiv ki niyukti raajya sabha ke sabhaapati dvaara ki jaati hai aur unka raink sangh ke sarvochch civil sevak ke samatulya hota hai. mahaasachiv gumanaam rah kar kaarya karte hain aur sansadeeya maamalon par salaah dene ke liye tatparata se peethaaseen adhikaariyon ko upalabdh rahate hain. mahaasachiv raajya sabha sachivaalaya ke prashaasanik pramukh aur sabha ke abhilekhon ke sanrakshak bhi hain. vah raajya sabha ke sabhaapati ke nidesh va niyantranaadheen kaarya karte hain.
Rajyasabha tatha Loksabha ke beech sambandh
samvidhaan ke anuchhed 75 (3) ke adheen, mantri parishd saamoohik roop se lok sabha ke prati jimmedaar hoti hai jiska aashay yeh hai ki raajya sabha sarkaar ko bana ya gira naheen sakti hai. tathaapi, yeh sarkaar par niyantran rakh sakti hai aur yeh kaarya vishesh roop se us samay bahut mahattvapoorn ho jaata hai jab sarkaar ko raajya sabha mein bahumat praapt naheen hota hai.
kisi saamaanya vidhaan ki dasha mein, donon sabhaaon ke beech gatirodh door karne ke liye, samvidhaan mein donon sabhaaon ki sanyukt baithak bulaane ka upabandh hai. vastut:, ateet mein aise teen avsar aae hain jab sansad ki sabhaaon ki unke beech matabhedon ko sulajhaane ke liye sanyukt baithak hui thi. sanyukt baithak mein uthaaye jaane vaale muddon ka nirnaya donon sabhaaon mein upasthit aur mat dene vaale sadasyon ki kul sankhya ke bahumat se kiya jaata hai. sanyukt baithak sansad bhavan ke kendreeya kaksh mein aayojit ki jaati hai jiski adhyakshata lokasabhaadhyaksh dvaara ki jaati hai. tathaapi, dhan vidheyak ki dasha mein, samvidhaan mein donon sabhaaon ki sanyukt baithak bulaane ka koi upabandh naheen hai, kyonki lok sabha ko vitteeya maamalon mein raajya sabha ki tulana mein pramukhata haasil hai. samvidhaan sanshodhan vidheyak ke sambandh mein, samvidhaan mein yeh upabandh kiya gaya hai ki aise vidheyak ko donon sabhaaon dvaara, samvidhaan ke anuchhed 368 ke adheen vihit roop mein, vishisht bahumat se paarit kiya jaana hota hai. at:, samvidhaan sanshodhan vidheyak ke sambandh mein donon sabhaaon ke beech gatirodh ko door karne ka koi upabandh naheen hai.
mantri sansad ki kisi bhi sabha se ho sakte hain. is sambandh mein samvidhaan sabhaaon ke beech koi bhed naheen karta hai. pratyek mantri ko kisi bhi sabha mein bolne aur usaki kaaryavaahi mein bhaag lene ka adhikaar hota hai, lekin vah usi sabha mein mat dene ka hakdaar hota hai jiska vah sadasya hota hai.
isi prakaar, sansad ki sabhaaon, unke sadasyon aur unki samitiyon ki shaktiyon, visheshaadhikaaron aur unmuktiyon ke sambandh mein, donon sabhaaon ko samvidhaan dvaara bilkul samaan dharaatal par rakha gaya hai. jin anya mahattvapoorn vishyon ke sambandh mein donon sabhaaon ko samaan shaktiyaaain praapt hain ve is prakaar hain:- raashtrapati ka nirvaachan tatha mahaabhiyog, uparaashtrapati ka nirvaachan, aapaatakaal ki udghoshana ka anumodan, raajyon mein samvaidhaanik tantr ki vifalta se sambandhit udghoshana aur vitteeya aapaatakaal. vibhinn samvaidhaanik praadhikranon aadi se prativedan tatha patra praapt karne ke sambandh mein, donon sabhaaon ko samaan shaktiyaaain praapt hain.
is prakaar, yeh spasht hai ki mantri-parishd ki saamoohik jimmedaari ke maamale aur kuchh aise vitteeya maamale, jo sirf lok sabha ke kshetraadhikaar mein aate hain, ke sivaae donon sabhaaon ko samaan shaktiyaaain praapt hain.
raajya sabha ki vishesh shaktiyaaain
ek parisangheeya sadan hone ke naate raajya sabha ko samvidhaan ke adheen kuchh vishesh shaktiyaaain praapt hain. Rajyasabha ke paas teen vishesh shaktiyaaain hoti hai
- anu. 249 ke antargat raajya soochi ke vishay par 1 varsh ka bill banaane ka hak
- anu. 312 ke antargat naveen akhil bhaarateeya seva ka gathan 2/3 bahumat se karna
- anu. 67 b uparaashtrapati ko hataane wala prastaav Rajyasabha me hi laaya ja sakega
vidhaan se sambandhit sabhi vishyon/kshetron ko teen soochiyon mein vibhaajit kiya gaya hai- sangh soochi, raajya soochi aur samavarti soochi. sangh aur raajya soochiyaan paraspar apavarjit hain- koi bhi doosare ke kshetr mein rakhe gaye vishay par kaanoon naheen bana sakta. tathaapi, yadi raajya sabha upasthit aur mat dene vaale sadasyon mein se kam se kam do-tihaai sadasyon ke bahumat dvaara yeh kehte hue ek sankalp paarit karti hai ki yeh "raashtreeya hit mein aavashyak ya sameecheen" hai ki sansad, raajya soochi mein pramaanit kisi vishay par vidhi banaae, to sansad Bhaarat ke sampoorn raajya-kshetr ya uske kisi bhaag ke liye us sankalp mein vinirdisht vishay par vidhi banaane hetu adhikaar-sampann ho jaati hai. aisa sankalp adhiktam ek varsh ki avadhi ke liye pravrutt rahega parantu yeh avadhi isi prakaar ke sankalp ko paarit karke ek varsh ke liye pun: badhaayi ja sakti hai.
yadi raajya sabha upasthit aur mat dene vaale sadasyon mein se kam se kam do-tihaai sadasyon ke bahumat dvaara yeh ghoshit karte hue ek sankalp paarit karti hai ki sangh aur raajyon ke liye sammilit ek ya adhik akhil bhaarateeya sevaaon ka srujan kiya jaana raashtreeya hit mein aavashyak ya sameecheen hai, to sansad vidhi dvaara aisi sevaaon ka srujan karne ke liye adhikaar-sampann ho jaati hai.
samvidhaan ke adheen, raashtrapati ko raashtreeya aapaat ki sthiti mein, kisi raajya mein samvaidhaanik tantr ke vifal ho jaane ki sthiti mein athva vitteeya aapaat ki sthiti mein udghoshana jaari karne ka adhikaar hai. aisi pratyek udghoshana ko sansad ki donon sabhaaon dvaara niyat avadhi ke bheetar anumodit kiya jaana anivaarya hai. tathaapi, katipya paristhitiyon mein raajya sabha ke paas is sambandh mein vishesh shaktiyaaain hain. yadi koi udghoshana us samay ki jaati hai jab lok sabha ka vightan ho gaya hai athva lok sabha ka vightan iske anumodan ke liye anujnyaaat avadhi ke bheetar ho jaata hai aur yadi ise anumodit karne wala sankalp raajya sabha dvaara anuchhed 352, 356 aur 360 ke adheen samvidhaan mein vinirdisht avadhi ke bheetar paarit kar diya jaata hai, tab vah udghoshana prabhaavi rahegi.
vitteeya maamalon mein raajya sabha
dhan vidheyak keval lok sabha mein pur:sthaapit kiya ja sakta hai. iske us sabha dvaara paarit kiye jaane ke uparaant ise raajya sabha ko usaki sahamati athva sifaarish ke liye paareshit kiya jaata hai. aise vidheyak ke sambandh mein raajya sabha ki shakti seemit hai. raajya sabha ko aise vidheyak ki praapti se chaudah din ke bheetar use lok sabha ko lautaana padta hai. yadi yeh us avadhi ke bheetar lok sabha ko naheen lautaaya jaata hai to vidheyak ko ukt avadhi ki samaapti par donon sadanon dvaara us roop mein paarit kiya gaya samjha jaaega jismein ise lok sabha dvaara paarit kiya gaya tha. raajya sabha dhan vidheyak mein sanshodhan bhi naheen kar sakti; yeh keval sanshodhanon ki sifaarish kar sakti hai aur lok sabha, raajya sabha ki sabhi ya kinheen sifaarishon ko sveekaar athva asveekaar kar sakegi.
dhan vidheyak ke alaava, vitt vidheyakon ki katipya anya shreniyon ko bhi raajya sabha mein pur:sthaapit naheen kiya ja sakta. tathaapi, kuchh anya prakaar ke vitt vidheyak hain jinke sambandh mein raajya sabha ki shaktiyon par koi nirbandhan naheen hai. ye vidheyak kisi bhi sabha mein prastut kiye ja sakte hain aur raajya sabha ko aise vitt vidheyakon ko kisi anya vidheyak ki tarah hi asveekrut ya sanshodhit karne ka adhikaar hai. vastut: aise vidheyak sansad ki kisi bhi sabha dvaara tab tak paarit naheen kiye ja sakte, jab tak raashtrapati ne us par vichaar karne ke liye us sabha se sifaarish naheen ki ho.
tathaapi, in saari baaton se yeh nishkarsh naheen niklata ki raajya sabha ka vitt sambandhi maamalon se kuchh bhi lena-dena naheen hai. Bhaarat sarkaar ke bajat ko prativrsh raajya sabha ke samaksh bhi rakha jaata hai aur iske sadasyagan us par charcha karte hain. yadyapi raajya sabha vibhinn mantraalayon ki anudaan maangon par matadaan naheen karti - yeh maamala ananya roop se lok sabha ke liye surakshit hai fir bhi, Bhaarat ki sanchit nidhi se kisi dhan ki nikaasi tab tak naheen ki ja sakti, jab tak donon sabhaaon dvaara viniyog vidheyak ko paarit naheen kar diya jaata. isi prakaar, vitt vidheyak ko bhi raajya sabha ke samaksh laaya jaata hai. iske alaava, vibhaag-sambandhit sansadeeya sthaayi samitiyaan, jo mantraalayon/vibhaagon ki vaarshik anudaan maangon ki jaaainch karti hain, sanyukt samitiyaan hain jinmein das sadasya raajya sabha se hote hain.
sabha ke neta
sabhaapati aur upasabhaapati ke alaava, sabha ka neta ek anya aisa adhikaari hai jo sabha ke kushal aur suchaaroo sanchaalan mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaata hai. raajya sabha mein sabha ka neta saamaanyat: pradhaan mantri hota hai, yadi vah iska sadasya hai, athva koi aisa mantri hota hai, jo is sabha ka sadasya hai aur jise unke dvaara is roop mein kaarya karne ke liye naam-nirdisht kiya gaya ho. usaka praathamik uttaradaayitv sabha mein sauhaardapoorn aur saarthak vaad-vivaad ke liye sabha ke sabhi vargon ke beech samanvaya banaae rakhana hai. is prayojanaarth, vah na keval sarkaar ke, balki vipaksh, mantriyon aur peethaaseen adhikaari ke bhi nikat sampark mein rahata hai. vah sabha-kaksh (chaimbar) mein sabhaapeeth ke daayeen or ki pehli pankti mein pehli seat par baithata hai taaki vah paraamarsh hetu peethaaseen adhikaari ko sahaj upalabdh rahe. niyamon ke tahat, sabhaapati dvaara sabha mein sarkaari kaarya ki vyavastha, raashtrapati ke abhibhaashan par charcha hetu dinon ke aavantan athva samay ke aavantan, shukravaar ke alaava kisi anya din ko gair-sarkaari sadasyon ke kaarya, aniyt din vaale prastaavon par charcha, alpakaalik charcha aur kisi dhan vidheyak par vichaar evam use vaapas kiye jaane ke sambandh mein sadan ke neta se paraamarsh kiya jaata hai.
mahaan vyaktitv, raashtreeya neta athva antarraashtreeya pratishthit vyakti ki mrutyu hone ki sthiti mein us din ke liye sabha ke sthagan athva anyatha ke maamale mein sabhaapati unase bhi paraamarsh kar sakte hain. gathabandhan sarkaaron ke yug mein unka kaarya aur adhik chunauteepoorn ho gaya hai. vah yeh sunishchit karte hain ki sabha ke samaksh laaye gaye kisi bhi maamale par saarthak charcha ke liye sabha mein har sambhav tatha uchit suvidha pradaan ki jaae. vah sabha ki rai vyakt karne aur ise samaaroh athva aupachaarik avsaron par prastut karne mein sabha ke vakta ke roop mein kaarya karte hain. nimnalikhit sadasya raajya sabha mein sabha ke neta rahe hain:
vipaksh ke neta
vidhaayika mein vipaksh ke neta ke pad ka atyadhik saarvajanik mahatva hai. iska mahatva sansadeeya lokatantr mein vipaksh ko di gayi mukhya bhoomika se udbhoot hota hai. vipaksh ke neta ka kaarya vastut: atyadhik kathin hai kyonki unhein aalochna karni padti hai, galati ingit karni padti hai aur aise vaikalpik prastaavon/neetiyon ko prastut karna padta hai jinhein laagoo karne ka unhein koi adhikaar naheen hai. is prakaar unhein sansad aur desh ke prati ek vishesh saamaajik jimmedaari nibhaani hoti hai.
raajya sabha mein varsh 1969 tak vaastavik arth mein vipaksh ka koi neta naheen hota tha. us samay tak sarvaadhik sadasyon waali vipakshi party ke neta ko bina kisi aupachaarik maanyata, darja ya visheshaadhikaar diye vipakshi neta maanane ki pratha thi. vipaksh ke neta ke pad ko sansad mein vipakshi neta vetan aur bhatta adhiniyam, 1977 dvaara adhikaarik maanyata pradaan ki gayi. is adhiniyam ke dvaara raajya sabha mein vipakshi neta, raajya sabha ka ek aisa sadasya hota hai jo kuchh samay ke liye raajya sabha ke sabhaapati dvaara yatha maanya sabse adhik sadasyon vaale dal ki sarkaar ke vipaksh mein hota hai. is prakaar vipaksh ke neta ko teen shartein poori karni hoti hain, naamash:
- (1) use sabha ka sadasya hona chaahiye
- (2) sarvaadhik sadasyon vaale dal ki sarkaar ke vipaksh mein raajya sabha ka neta hona chaahiye aur
- (3) is aashay se raajya sabha ke sabhaapati dvaara use maanyata praapt honi chaahiye.