Rajendra prasaad
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is lekh mein satyaapan hetu atirikt sandarbh athva sroton ki aavashyakta hai. krupaya vishvasaneeya srot jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. srotaheen saamagri ko chunauteedi ja sakti hai aur hataaya bhi ja sakta hai. (December 2015) |
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Rajendra prasaad
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kaaryakaal 26 January 1950 – 14 May 1962 |
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| pradhaan mantri | Jawahar laal Nehru |
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| uparaashtrapati | sarvapalli Radhakrishnan |
| poorv adhikaari | sthiti ki sthaapana chakravarti raajagopaalaachaari Bhaarat ke Governor general ke roop mein |
| uttaraadhikaari | sarvapalli Radhakrishnan |
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| janm | 3 December 1884 jiraadei, Bengal preseedeinsi, british Bhaarat (ab Bihar mein) |
| mrutyu | 28 fravari 1963 (umr 78) Patna, Bihar, Bhaarat |
| raashtreeyata | bhaarateeya |
| raajanaitik party | bhaarateeya raashtreeya Congress |
| jeevan sangi | raajavanshi devi (mrutyu 1962) |
| vidya arjan | Calcutta vishvavidyaalaya |
| dharm | hindu |
dau॰ Rajendra prasaad (3 December, 1884 - 28 February, 1963) Bhaarat ke pratham raashtrapati the.[1] ve bhaarateeya svaadheenata aandolan ke pramukh netaaon mein se the jinhonne bhaarateeya raashtreeya Congress ke adhyaksh ke roop mein pramukh bhoomika nibhaai. unhonne bhaarateeya samvidhaan ke nirmaan mein bhi apna yogadaan diya tha jiski parinti 26 January 1950 ko Bhaarat ke ek ganatantr ke roop mein hui thi. raashtrapati hone ke atirikt unhonne svaadheen Bhaarat mein kendreeya mantri ke roop mein bhi kuchh samay ke liye kaam kiya tha. poore desh mein atyant lokapriya hone ke kaaran unhein Rajendra babu ya desharatn kehkar pukaara jaata tha.
anukram
poorvaj
babu Rajendra prasaad ke poorvaj moolaroop se kuaaaingaaainv, amodha (uttar pradesh) ke nivaasi the. yeh ek kaayasth parivaar tha. kuchh kaayasth parivaar is sthaan ko chhod kar baliya ja base the. kuchh parivaaron ko baliya bhi raas naheen aaya isaliye ve vahaaain se Bihar ke jila saaran ke ek gaaainv jeeraadei mein ja base. in parivaaron mein kuchh shikshit log bhi the. inheen parivaaron mein Rajendra prasaad ke poorvajon ka parivaar bhi tha. jeeraadei ke paas hi ek chhoti si riyaasat thi - hathuaa. chooainki Rajendra babu ke daada padhe-likhe the, at: unhein hathuaa riyaasat ki deevaani mil gayi. pachchees-tees saalon tak ve us riyaasat ke deevaan rahe. unhonne swayam bhi kuchh jameen khareed li thi. Rajendra babu ke pita mahaadev sahaaya is jameendaari ki dekhbhaal karte the. Rajendra babu ke chaacha jagadev sahaaya bhi ghar par hi rahakar jameendaari ka kaam dekhte the. apne paaainch bhaai-bahanon mein ve sabse chhote the isliye poore parivaar mein sabke pyaare the.
unke chaacha ke chooainki koi santaan naheen thi isliye ve Rajendra prasaad ko apne putr ki bhaaainti hi samajhte the. daada, pita aur chaacha ke laad-pyaar mein hi Rajendra babu ka paalan-poshan hua. daadi aur maaain ka bhi un par poorn prem barasata tha.
bachapan mein Rajendra babu jaldi so jaate the aur subah jaldi uth jaate the. uthate hi maaain ko bhi jaga diya karte aur fir unhein sone hi naheen dete the. ataev maaain bhi unhein prabhaati ke saath-saath raamaayan mahaabhaarat ki kahaaniyaaain aur bhajan keertan aadi rojaana sunaati theen.
praarambhik jeevan
Rajendra babu ke pita mahaadev sahaaya sanskrut evam faarasi ke vidvaan the evam unki maata kamaleshvari devi ek dharmaparaayan mahila theen.[2] paaainch varsh ki umr mein hi Rajendra babu ne ek maulavi saahab se faarasi mein shiksha shuroo kiya. uske baad ve apni praarambhik shiksha ke liye chhapra ke jila school gaye. raajeindr babu ka vivaah us samay ki paripaati ke anusaar baalya kaal mein hi, lagbhag 13 varsh ki umr mein, raajavanshi devi se ho gaya. vivaah ke baad bhi unhonne Patna ki tee0 ke0 ghosh academy se apni padhaai jaari rakhi. unka vaivaahik jeevan bahut sukhi raha aur usase unke adhyayan athva anya kaaryon mein koi rukaavat naheen padi.
lekin ve jald hi jila school chhapra chale gaye aur vaheen se 18 varsh ki umr mein unhonne Kolkata vishvavidyaalaya ki pravesh pareeksha di. us pravesh pareeksha mein unhein pratham sthaan praapt hua tha..[3] san 1902 mein unhonne Kolkata ke prasiddh presideinsi college mein daakhila liya. unki pratibha ne gopaal Krishna gokhale tatha Bihar-vibhooti anugrah Narayan sinha jaise vidvaanon ka dhyaan apni or aakarshit kiya. 1915 mein unhonne svarn pad ke saath vidhi paraasnaatak (elaelaem) ki pareeksha paas ki aur baad mein law ke kshetr mein hi unhonne dauktret ki upaadhi bhi haasil ki. Rajendra babu kaanoon ki apni padhaai ka abhyaas Bhaagalpur, Bihar mein kiya karte the.]].[4]
hindi evam bhaarateeya bhaasha-prem
yadyapi Rajendra babu ki padhaai faarasi aur urdoo se shuroo hui thi tathaapi bee0 e0 mein unhonne hindi hi li. ve angreji, hindi, urdoo, faarasi va bangaali bhaasha aur saahitya se poori tarah parichit the tatha in bhaashaaon mein saralata se prabhaavakaari vyaakhyaan bhi de sakte the. gujaraati ka vyaavahaarik gyaan bhi unhein tha. ema0 ela0 pareeksha ke liye hindu kaanoon ka unhonne sanskrut granthon se hi adhyayan kiya tha. hindi ke prati unka agaadh prem tha. hindi patra-patrikaaon jaise Bhaarat mitr, bhaaratodaya, kamala aadi mein unke lekh chhapate the. unke nibndh suruchipoorn tatha prabhaavakaari hote the. 1912 E. mein jab akhil bhaarateeya saahitya sammelan ka adhiveshan kalakatte mein hua tab svaagatakaarini samiti ke ve pradhaan mantri the. 1920 E. mein jab akhil bhaarateeya hindi saahitya sammelan ka 10vaaain adhiveshan patane mein hua tab bhi ve pradhaan mantri the. 1923 E. mein jab sammelan ka adhiveshan kokeenaada mein hone wala tha tab ve uske adhyaksh manoneet hue the parantu rugnata ke kaaran ve usamein upasthit na ho sake at: unka bhaashan jamanaalaal Bajaj ne padha tha. 1926 i0 mein ve Bihar pradesheeya hindi saahitya sammelan ke aur 1927 i0 mein uttar pradesheeya hindi saahitya sammelan ke sabhaapati the. hindi mein unki aatmakatha badi prasiddh pustak hai. angreji mein bhi unhonne kuchh pustakein likheen. unhonne hindi ke desh aur angreji ke Patna law weekly samaachaar patra ka sampaadan bhi kiya tha.
svatantrata aandolan ke dauraan
bhaarateeya svatantrata aandolan mein unka padaarpan vakeel ke roop mein apne kairiyr ki shuruaat karte hi ho gaya tha. champaaran mein gaandheeji ne ek tathya anveshan samooh bheje jaate samay unase apne svayansevakon ke saath aane ka anurodh kiya tha. Rajendra babu mahaatma gaaaindhi ki nishtha, samarpan evam saahas se bahut prabhaavit hue aur 1921 mein unhonne Kolkata vishvavidyaalaya ke senator ka padatyaag kar diya. gaaaindheeji ne jab videshi sansthaaon ke bahishkaar ki appeal ki thi to unhonne apne putr mrutyunjaya prasaad, jo ek atyant medhaavi chhaatr the, unhein Kolkata vishvavidyaalaya se hataakar Bihar vidyaapeeth mein daakhil karavaaya tha. unhonne sarchalaait aur desh jaisi patrikaaon mein is vishay par bahut se lekh likhe the aur in akhbaaron ke liye aksar ve dhan jutaane ka kaam bhi karte the. 1914 mein Bihar aur Bengal me I baadh mein unhonne kaafi badhachadh kar seva-kaarya kiya tha. Bihar ke 1934 ke bhookamp ke samay Rajendra babu kaaraavaas mein the. jail se do varsh mein chhootane ke pashchaat ve bhookamp peediton ke liye dhan jutaane mein tan-man se jut gaye aur unhonne vaayasaraaya ke jutaaye dhan se kaheen adhik apne vyaktigat prayaason se jama kiya. sindh aur Quetta ke bhookamp ke samay bhi unhonne kai raahat-shiviron ka intajaam apne haathon me liya tha.
1934 mein ve bhaarateeya raashtreeya Congress ke Mumbai adhiveshan mein adhyaksh chune gaye. netaaji subhaashachandr Bose ke adhyaksh pad se tyaagapatr dene par Congress adhyaksh ka padabhaar unhonne ek baar pun: 1939 mein sainbhaala tha.
Bhaarat ke svatantr hone ke baad samvidhaan laagoo hone par unhonne desh ke pehle raashtrapati ka padabhaar sainbhaala. raashtrapati ke taur par unhonne kabhi bhi apne samvaidhaanik adhikaaron mein pradhaanamantri ya Congress ko dakhalaandaaji ka mauka naheen diya aur hamesha svatantr roop se kaarya karte rahe. hindu adhiniyam paarit karte samay unhonne kaafi kada rukh apnaaya tha. raashtrapati ke roop mein unhonne kai aise drushtaant chhode jo baad mein unke paravartiyon ke liye misaal ke taur par kaam karte rahe.
bhaarateeya samvidhaan ke laagoo hone se ek din pehle 25 January 1950 ko unki bahan bhagavati devi ka nidhan ho gaya, lekin ve bhaarateeya ganaraajya ke sthaapana ki rasm ke baad hi daah sanskaar mein bhaag lene gaye. 12 varshon tak raashtrapati ke roop mein kaarya karne ke pashchaat unhonne 1962 mein apne avakaash ki ghoshana ki. avakaash le lene ke baad hi unhein Bhaarat sarkaar dvaara sarvochch naagrik sammaan Bhaarat ratn se navaaja gaya.
saralata
Rajendra babu ki veshabhoosha badi saral thi. unke chehare mohare ko dekhkar pata hi naheen lagta tha ki ve itne pratibhaasampann aur uchch vyaktitvavaale sajjan hain. dekhne mein ve saamaanya kisaan jaise lagte the.
Allahabad vishvavidyaalaya dvaara unhein daaktar of la ki sammaanit upaadhi pradaan karte samay kaha gaya tha - "babu raajeindraprasaad ne apne jeevan mein saral va ni:svaarth seva ka jvalant udaaharan prastut kiya hai. jab vakeel ke vyavasaaya mein charam utkarsh ki upalabdhi door naheen rah gayi thi, inhein raashtreeya kaarya ke liye aahvaan mila aur unhonne vyaktigat bhaavi unnati ki sabhi sambhaavnaaon ko tyaagakar gaaainvon mein gareebon tatha deen krushakon ke beech kaam karna sveekaar kiya."
sarojini Naidu ne unke baare mein likha tha - "unki asaadhaaran pratibha, unke svabhaav ka anokha maadhurya, unke charitra ki vishaalata aur ati tyaag ke gun ne shaayad unhein hamaare sabhi netaaon se adhik vyaapak aur vyaktigat roop se priya bana diya hai. gaandhi ji ke niktatam shishyon mein unka vahi sthaan hai jo isa maseeh ke nikat seint John ka tha."
viraasat
sitmbar 1962 mein avakaash grahan karte hi unki patni raajavanshi devi ka nidhan ho gaya. mrutyu ke ek maheene pehle apne pati ko sambodhit patra mein raajavanshi devi ne likha tha - "mujhe lagta hai mera ant nikat hai, kuchh karne ki shakti ka ant, sampoorn astitv ka ant." Ram! Ram!! shabdon ke uchchaaran ke saath unka ant 28 February 1963 ko Patna ke sadaakt aashram mein hua.
unki vanshaavali ko jeevit rakhane ka kaarya unke prapautr ashok jaahanvi prasaad kar rahe hain. ve peshe se ek antarraashtreeya khyaati-praapt vaigyaanik evam manochikitsak hain. unhonne baai-polar disordar ki chikitsa mein leethiym ke surakshit vikalp ke roop mein sodiym vailaproret ki khoj ki thi. ashok ji pratishthit American academy of Art aind science ke sadasya bhi hain.
krutiyaaain
Rajendra babu ne apni aatmakatha (1946) ke atirikt kai pustakein bhi likhi jinmein Bapu ke kadamon mein (1954), indiya divaaided (1946), satyaagrah ait champaaran (1922), gaandheeji ki den, bhaarateeya sanskruti va khaadi ka arthashaastr ityaadi ullekhaneeya hain.
Bhaarat ratn
san 1962 mein avakaash praapt karne par raashtra ne unhein "Bhaarat rataan" ki sarvashreshth upaadhi se sammaanit kiya. yeh us putr ke liye krutajnyaata ka prateek tha jisne apni aatma ki aavaaj sunakar aadhi shataabdi tak apni maatrubhoomi ki seva ki thi.
nidhan
apne jeevan ke aakhiri maheene bitaane ke liye unhonne Patna ke nikat sadaakat aashram chuna. yahaaain par 28 fravari 1963 mein unke jeevan ki kahaani samaapt hui. yeh kahaani thi shreshth bhaarateeya moolyon aur parampara ki chattaan sadrushya aadarshon ki. hamako in par garv hai aur ye sada raashtra ko prerana dete raheinge.
sandarbh
- ↑ The President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee. Presidentofindia.nic.in. Retrieved on 12 December 2013.
- ↑ Presidents of India, 1950-2003 - Janak Raj Jai - Google Books
- ↑ Presidents of India, 1950-2003 - Janak Raj Jai - Google Books
- ↑ raajeindr babu: patron ke aaine mein - Rajendra Prasad, Tara Sinha - Google Books
baahari kadiyaaain
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vikimeediya kaumans par Rajendra prasaad se sambandhit media hai. |