Mehmood gjnavi

Mehmood gjnavi
Mehmood gjnavi
shaasan	997-1030
raaj tilk	1002
janm	2 November 971 (lagbhag)
janm sthaan	gjni, Afghanistan
mrutyu	30 April 1030 (umr 59 varsh mein)
mrutyu sthaan	gjni, Afghanistan
poorvaadhikaari	subuktigin
pita	sebuktigin
dharm	sunni islaam

Mehmood gjnavi (971-1030) madhya afgaanistaan mein kendrit gajnavi vansh ka ek mahatvapoorn shaasak tha jo poorvi Iran bhoomi mein saamraajya vistaar ke liye jaana jaata hai. vah turk mool ka tha aur apne samakaaleen (aur baad ke) saljook turkon ki tarah poorv mein ek sunni islaami saamraajya banaane mein safal hua. uske dvaara jeete gaye pradeshon mein aaj ka poorvi Iran, Afghanistan aur sanlagn madhya-Asia (sammililit roop se khoraasaan), Pakistan aur uttar-pashchim Bhaarat shaamil the. uske yuddhon mein faatimi sultaanon (shiya), Kabul shaahiya raajaaon (hindu) aur Kashmir ka naam pramukhata se aata hai. Bhaarat mein islaami shaasan laane aur aakraman ke dauraan lootpaat machaane ke kaaran bhaarateeya hindu samaaj mein usako ek lutere aakraanta ke roop mein jaana jaata hai. somanaath ke mandir ko lootana (1024) is kadi ki ek mahatvapoorn ghatna thi.

vah pita ke vansh se turk tha par usane faarasi bhaasha ke punarjaagaran mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaai. haaainlaanki uske darabaari kavi firdausi ne shaahanaame ki rachana ki par vo hamesha kavi ka samarthak naheen raha tha. gjni, jo madhya afgaanistaan mein sthit ek chhota shahar tha, ko usane saamraajya ke dhani aur praanteeya shahar ke roop mein badal gaya. bagdaad ke islaami (abbaasi) khleefa ne usako sultaan ki padavi di.

subuk tigin ek turk gulaam (das) tha jisne khoraasaan ke saamaani shaasakon se alag hokar gjni mein sthit apna ek chhota shaasan kshetr sthaapit kiya tha. par usaki Irani begam ki santaan Mehmood ne saamraajya bahut vistrut kiya. faarasi kaavya mein Mehmood ke apne gulaam malik ayaaj ke saath samalaingik prem ka zikr milta hai (haafij shiraaji)^[1]. urdoo mein ikbaal ka likha ek sher -

na husn mein raheen vo shokhiyaaain, na ishk mein raheen vo garmiyaaain;

na vo gajnavi mein tadp raheen, na vo khm hai julf-A-ayaaj mein.

(khm - ghungharaalaapan)

• 997: kaaraakhaani saamraajya.
• 999: khuraasaan, balkh, heraat aur marv par saamaani kabje ke viruddh aakraman. isi samay uttar se kaaraakhaaniyon ke aakraman ki vajah se saamaani saamraajya titr-bitr.
• 1000: sistaan, poorvi Iran.
• 1001: gaandhaar mein peshaavar ke paas jayapaal ki paraajaya. jayapaal ne baad mein aatmahatya kar li.
• 1002: sistaan: khuluf ko bandi banaaya.
• 1004: Bhatia (Bhera) ko kar na dene ke baad apne saamraajya mein milaaya.
• 1008: jayapaal ke bete aanandapaal ko haraaya.

gor aur ameer suri ko bandi banaaya. gjna mein ameer suri mara. sevakapaal ko raajyapaal banaaya. anandapaal Kashmir ke pashchimi pahaadiyon mein lohaara ko bhaaga. aanandapaal apne pita ki mrutyu (aatmahatya) ka badla naheen le saka.

• 1005: balkh aur khoraasaan ko naasir pratham ke aakraman se bachaaya. nishaapur ko saamaaniyon se vaapis jeeta.
• 1005: sevakapaal ka vidroh aur daman.
• 1008: Himachal ke kaangara ki sampatti kai hindu raajaaon (ujjain, gvaaliyr, kannauj, Delhi, kaalinjar aur Ajmer) ko haraane ke baad hadp li.

aitihaasik kahaaniyon ke anusaar gakhar logon ke aakraman aur samar ke baad Mehmood ki sena bhaagane ko thi. tabhi aanandapaal ke haathi matavaale ho gaye aur yuddh ka rukh palat gaya.

• 1010: gor, afgaanistaan.
• 1010: multaan vidroh, abdul fatah daaud ko kaid.
• 1011: thaanesar.
• 1012: joorajistaan
• 1012: bagdaad ke abbaasi khaleefa se khoraasaan ke baaki kshetron ki maang aur paaya. samarakand ki maang thukaraai gayi.
• 1013: Bulnat: trilochanapaal ko haraaya.
• 1014 : kaafiristaan par chadhaai.
• 1015: Kashmir par chadhaai - vifal.
• 1015: khvaarejm - apni bahan ki shaadi karavaaya aur vidroh ka daman.
• 1017: kannauj, Meerut aur yamuna ke paas Mathura. Kashmir (?) se vaapasi ke samay kannauj aur Meerut ka samarpan.
• 1021: apne gulaam malik ayaaj ko laahor ka raaja banaaya.
• 1021: kaalinjar ka kannauj par aakraman : jab vo madad ko pahuncha to paaya ki aakhiri shaahiya raaja trilochanapaal bhi tha. bina yuddh ke vaapas lauta, par Lahore par kabja. trilochanapaal Ajmer ko bhaaga. sindhu nadi ke poorv mein pehla muslim Governor niyukt.
• 1023:Lahore. kaalinjar aur gvaaliyr par kabja karne mein asafal. trilochanapaal (jalapaal ka pota) ko apne hi sainikon ne maar daala. Punjab par usaka kabja. Kashmir (lohara) par vijay paane mein dubaara asafal.
• 1024: Ajmer, neharavaala aur kaathiyaavaad : aakhiri bada yuddh. somanaath ko loota aur mandir ke sevakon ko maara.
• 1024: somanaath: mandir ko loota. kinvadantiyon ke anusaar somanaath ke shivling ke bhagnaavasheshon ko le jaakar usane gjni ke jaama masjid ka hissa banavaaya. Gujarat mein naya raajyapaal niyukt aur Ajmer ki sena se bachane ke liye thaar marusthal ke raaste ka sahaara.
• 1027: jaaton ke khilaaf.
• 1027: re, isfaahaan aur hamaadaan (madhya aur pashchimi Iran mein)- buvaahi shaasakon ke khilaaf.
• 1028, 1029: marv aur nishaapur, saljook turkon ke haathon paraajaya.

Bhaarat (Punjab) mein islaami shaasan laane ki vajah se Pakistan aur uttari Bhaarat ke itihaas mein usaka ek mahatvapoorn sthaan hai. Pakistan mein jahaaain vo ek islaami shaasak ki ijjat paata hai vaheen Bhaarat mein ek lutere aur kaatil ke roop mein gina jaata hai. Pakistan ne uske naam par apne ek misaail (prakshepaastr) ka naam rakha hai.

usako firdosi ke aashray aur baad ke sambandh-vichhed ke silsile mein yaad kiya jaata hai. kaha jaata hai ki Mehmood ne firdausi ko Iran ke praacheen raajaaon ke baare mein likhne ke liye kaha tha. islaam ke poorv ke paarasi shaasakon aur mithkon ko milaakar 27 varshon ki mehnat ke baad jab firdausi Mehmood ke darbaar mein aaya to Mehmood, kathit taur par apne mantriyon ki salaah par, usako achha kaavya maanane se mukar gaya. usane apne kiye hue vaade mein pratyek dohe ke liye ek deenaar ki bajaay sirf ek dirham dene ka prastaav kiya. firdausi ne ise thukara diya to vo krodhit ho gaya. usane firdausi ko bulaaya lekin bhayabheet shaayar naheen aaya. ab firdausi ne Mehmood ke viruddh kuchh panktiyaaain likheen jo lokapriya hone lageen :

(ai shaah Mehmood, deshon ko jeetne vaale; agar kisi se naheen darata ho to Bhagwan se dar).

in panktiyon mein uske janakon (khaasakar maaain) ke baare mein apamaan janak baatein likhi thi. lekin, kuchh dinon ke baad, gjni ki galiyon mein lokapriya in panktiyon ki khabar jab Mehmood ko lagi to usane deenaaron ka bhugataan karne ka faisala kiya. kaha jaata hai ki jab toos mein uske dvaara bheji gayi mudra pahuainchi tab shahar se firdausi ka janaaja nikal raha tha. firdausi ki beti ne raashi lene se mana kar diya.

1. ↑ deevaan-A-haafij ka ek sher hai -
   baar-A-dile majanoon va khm A turre-i-laili,
   rukhsaar A Mehmood kaf-A-paae ayaaj ast. (laili ki julfon ke mod, majanoon ke dil ka bhaareepan jaise Mehmood ka chehara ayaaj ke talavon mein ho.)

yeh lekh ek aadhaar hai. aap ise badhaakar vikipeediya ki sahaayata kar sakte hain. the va b