Maharashtra

nirmaan diwas	1 May, 1960
rajdhani	Mumbai
sahaayak rajdhani	Nagpur
sabse bade shahar	Mumbai, Pune, naagapoor Aurangabad, kolhaapoor, Nasik, sholaapoor, amaraavati, saangali, naanded
raajyapaal	chennaamaneni vidyaasaagar Rao
mukhyamantri	devendr fadanavees
kshetrafal	308,000 varg kimi
janasainkhya - kul - ghanatv	Bhaarat mein doosra sthaan 96,752,247 (2001) 322.5/varg kimi;
saaksharata dar: - kul - purush - stri	77.27% 86.27% 67.51%
shahareekaran:	42.11%
GSDP vruddhi dar:	6.9% (2003-04)
GSDP amareekan dollar mein:	$ 60 billion (2004)
GSDP US $(prati vyakti):	$ 3,240 (2004)

Maharashtra Bhaarat ka ek raajya hai jo Bhaarat ke dakshin madhya mein sthit hai. iski ginti Bhaarat ke sabse dhani raajyon mein si ki jaati hai. iski rajdhani Mumbai hai jo Bhaarat ka sabse bada shahar aur desh ki aarthik rajdhani ke rup mein bhi jaani jaati hai. aur yaha ka Pune shahar bhi Bhaarat ke bade mahaanagaro me gina jaata hai. yaha ka Pune shahar Bhaarat ka chhatavaan sabse bada shahar hai.

Maharashtra ki janasankhya san 2001 mein 96,752,247 thi, vishv mein sirf gyaarah aise desh hain jinki janasankhya Maharashtra se zyaada hai. is raajya ka nirmaan 1 May, 1960ko maraathi bhaashi logon ki maaaing par ki gayi thi. maraathi jyaada boli jaati hai. Pune,Aurangabad, kolhaapoor, naashik aur Nagpur Maharashtra ke anya mukhya shahar hain.

aisa maana jaata hai ki san 1000 isaapoorv se pehle Maharashtra mein kheti hoti thi lekin us samay mausam mein achaanak parivartan aaya aur krushi ruk gayi thi. san 500 isaapoorv ke aaspaas Mumbai (praacheen naam shurpaarak, sopar) ek mahatvapoorn pattan bankar ubhara tha. yeh sopar old testaameint ka ofir tha ya naheen is par vidvaanon mein vivaad hai. praacheen 16 mahaajanapad, mahaajanapadon mein ashmak ya assak ka sthaan aadhunik ahamadanagar ke aaspaas hai. samraat ashok ke shilaalekh bhi mumbai ke nikat paae gaye hain.

mauryon ke patan ke baad yahaaain yaadavon ka udaya varsh 230 mein hua. vakatakon ke samay ajanta gufaaon ka nirmaan hua. chaalukyon ka shaasan pehle san 550-760 tatha pun: 973-1180 raha. iske beech raashtrakooton ka shaasan aaya tha.

alaauddeen khilji vo pehla muslim shaasak tha jisne apna saamraajya dakshin mein madurai tak faila diya tha. uske baad muhammad bin tugalak (1325) ne apni rajdhani Delhi se hataakar daulataabaad kar li. yeh sthaan pehle devagiri naam se prasiddh tha aur ahamadanagar ke nikat sthit hai. bahamani saltanat ke tootane par yeh pradesh golakunda ke aashasan mein aaya aur uske baad aurangajeb ka sankshipt shaasan. iske baad maraathon ki shakti mein uttarottar vuddhi hui aur athaarahaveen sadi ke ant tak maraathe lagbhag poore Maharashtra par to fail hi chuke the aur unka saamraajya dakshin mein Karnataka ke dakshini sire tak pahuainch gaya tha. 1820 tak aate aate angrejon ne peshavaaon ko poornat: hara diya tha aur yeh pradesh bhi angreji saamraajya ka ang ban chuka tha.

desh ko aajaadi ke uparaant madhya Bhaarat ke sabhi maraathi ilaakon ka sanmeeleekaran karke ek raajya banaane ki maang ko lekar bada aandolan chala. aakhir 1 May 1960 se kokan, maraathavaada, pashchimi mahaaraashthr, dakshin Maharashtra, uttar Maharashtra (khaanadesh) tatha Vidarbh, sanbhaagon ko ekajut karke Maharashtra ki sthaapana ki gayi. raajya ke dakshin sarhad se lage Karnataka ke belagaanv shahar aur aaspaas ke gaavon ko Maharashtra mein shaameel karne ke liye ek aandolan chal raha hai.

bheemali beech par mahaamahin chhatrapati shivaaji mahaaraaj ki pratima

Nasik gazette 246 isa poorv mein Maharashtra mein maurya samraat ashok ek dootaavaas bheja jo karne ke liye sthaanon mein se ek ke roop mein ullekh kiya hai jo bataata hai aur yeh teen praanton aur 99,000 gaanvon sahit ke roop mein 580 aam tha ki ek chaalukyon shilaalekh mein darj ki gayi hai. naam raajavansh, pashchimi kshatrapon, gupt saamraajya, gurjar, pratihaar, vakaataka, kadaambas, chaalukya saamraajya, raashtrakoot raajavansh aur Yadav ke shaasan se pehle pashchimi chaalukya ka shaasan tha.

chaalukya vansh 8 veen sadi ke liye 6 veen shataabdi se Maharashtra par raaj kiya aur do pramukh shaasakon 8 veen sadi mein arab aakramanakaariyon ko haraaya jo uttar bhaarateeya samraat harsh aur vikramaaditya dviteeya, paraajit jo fulakeshi dviteeya, the. raashtrakoot raajavansh 10 veen sadi ke liye 8 se Maharashtra shaasan kiya. sulemaan "duniya ki 4 mahaan raajaaon mein se ek ke roop mein" raashtrakoot raajavansh (amoghaavarh) ke shaasak kaha jaata hai. 12 veen sadi mein jaldi 11 veen sadi se arab yaatri dakkan ke pathaar ke pashchimi chaalukya saamraajya aur prabhutv tha chol raajavansh.kai ladaaiyon pashchimi chaalukya saamraajya aur raaja raaja chol, raajeindr chol, jayasimh dviteeya, someshvara main aur vikramaaditya shashtham ke raaja ke dauraan dakkan ke pathaar mein chol raajavansh ke beech lada gaya tha.

jaldi 14 veen sadi mein aaj Maharashtra ke sabse khaarij kar diya jo Yadav vansh, Delhi saltanat ke shaasak aala ud deen khalaji dvaara paraast kiya gaya tha. baad mein, muhammad bin tugalak Deccan ke kuchh hisson par vijay praapt ki aur asthaayi roop se Maharashtra mein daulataabaad ke liye Delhi se apni rajdhani sthaanaantarit kar diya. 1347 mein tugalak ke patan ke baad, gulabarg ke sthaaneeya bahamani saltanat agale 150 varshon ke liye is kshetr gavarning, padabhaar sanbhaal liya hai. bahamani saltanat ke alag hone ke baad, 1518 mein, Maharashtra mein vibhaajit hai aur paanch Deccan saltanat ka shaasan tha. ahamadanagar arthaat nijaamsha, Bijapur ke aadilshaah, golakunda ki kutubshah, beedar aur baraar ki emaadshah, bidrshah. in raajyon mein aksar ek doosare ke beech lada. sanyukt, ve nirnaayak 1565 mein dakshin ke vijyanagar saamraajya ko hara diya.

iske alaava Mumbai ke vartamaan kshetr 1535 mein Portugal se kabja karne se pehle Gujarat ki saltanat ka shaasan aur faarukhi vansh mugl vilay se pehle 1382 aur 1601 ke beech khaanadesh kshetr par shaasan kiya tha. malik anbar 1607-1626 ahamadanagar ke nijaamashaahi raajavansh ke reejeint tha. is avadhi ke dauraan unhonne murtaja nijaam shaah ki taakat aur shakti mein vruddhi hui hai aur ek badi fauj khadi. malik anbar Deccan kshetr mein chhaapaamaar yuddh ka prastaavak se ek hone ke liye kaha hai. malik anbar sinhaasan par uske daamaad kaanoon ke baithane ki mahatvaakaanksha thi jo usaki sauteli maaain, noorajahaaain, se Delhi mein shaahajahaan kushti shakti ki sahaayata ki. 17 veen sadi tak, shaahaji bhosale, mugalon aur Bijapur ke aadil shaah ki seva mein ek mahatvaakaankshi sthaaneeya saamaanya, usaki svatantr shaasan sthaapit karne ka prayaas kiya. unke putr shivaaji aage Nagpur ke bhonsale, Baroda ke Gaikwad, Indore ke holkar, gvaaliyr ke sindhiya aur peshavaaon (pradhaanamantriyon) dvaara vistaar kiya gaya tha jo maraatha saamraajya sthaapit karne mein safal raha. maraathon mugalon ko paraast kiya aur bhaarateeya upamahaadveep ke uttari aur madhya bhaagon mein bade pradeshon par vijay praapt ki. 1761 mein Panipat ki teesari ladaai mein haar ke baad maraatha unki sarvochchata bahaal aur athaarahaveen sadi ke ant tak nai Delhi sahit madhya aur uttar Bhaarat par shaasan kiya. teesare englo maraatha yuddh (1817-1818) 1819 mein desh par shaasan maraatha saamraajya aur East India company ka ant karne ke liye netrutv kiya.

british uttari Deccan ko Pakistan mein Karachi se ek kshetr mein faila hai jo Mumbai preseedeinsi ke hisse ke roop mein is kshetr shaasit. maraatha raajyon ki sankhya mein british aadhiptya ko sveekaar karne ke liye badle mein svaayattata ko banaae rakhana hai, riyaasaton ke roop mein kaayam hai. vartamaan mein Maharashtra ke kshetr mein sabse badi riyaasaton Nagpur, sataara aur kolhaapur the, sataara 1848 mein Bombay preseedeinsi ko kabje mein liya gaya tha aur Nagpur Nagpur praant, madhya praanton ke baad ke hisse banane ke liye 1853 mein kabja kar liya tha. Hyderabad ke raajya ke nijaam ka hissa hai, 1853 mein angrejon ne kabja kar liya aur 1903mein madhya praant ko kabje mein liya gaya tha kiya gaya tha jo baraar. haalaanki, maraathavaada bulaaya vartamaan mein Maharashtra ka ek bada hissa hai, british kaal ke dauraan nijaam Hyderabad raajya ka hissa bana raha.

british shaasan ke kaaran unke bhedabhaavapoorn neetiyon ke saamaajik sudhaaron aur buniyaadi suvidhaaon ke saath hi vidroh mein sudhaar ke dvaara chihnit kiya gaya tha. 20 veen sadi ki shuruaat mein, aajaadi ke liye sangharsh baal gangaadhar tilk aur vinaayak Damodar saavarakar jaise charampanthiyon aur Justice mahaadev govind raanaade, gopaal Krishna gokhale, Ferozshah Mehta aur daadaabhaai nauroji jaise naramapanthiyon ke netrutv mein aakaar le liya. 1942 mein Bhaarat chhodo aandolan ke kshetr mein ek ahinsak savinya avajnyaa aandolan aur hamlon dvaara chihnit kiya gaya tha jo Gandhi dvaara bulaaya gaya tha. 'Bhaarat chhodo' ke liye angrejon ko alteemetam Mumbai mein di gayi aur satta ke hastaantaran aur 1947 mein Bhaarat ki aajaadi mein hua tha. beeji kher trikoneeya bahubhaashi Mumbai preseedeinsi ke pehle mukhyamantri the. Bhaarat ki svatantrata ke baad, kolhaapur sahit Deccan raajya America, 1950 mein poorv Mumbai preseedeinsi se banaaya gaya tha jo Mumbai raajya mein ekeekrut kar rahe the. 1956 mein, raajya punargathan adhiniyam bhaashaai tarj par bhaarateeya raajyon ko punargathit kiya aur Mumbai preseedeinsi raajya madhya praant aur baraar se tatkaaleen Hyderabad raajya aur Vidarbh kshetr se maraathavaada (Aurangabad diveejan) ke mukhya roop se maraathi bhaashi kshetron ke alaava dvaara badha diya gaya hai. iske alaava, Mumbai raajya ke dakshini bhaag Mysore ek ko saunp diya gaya tha.

1954-1955 se Maharashtra ke logon ko drudhta se dvibhaashi Mumbai raajya ke khilaaf virodh aur dau॰ gopaalaraav khedakar ke netrutv mein sanyukt Maharashtra samiti ka gathan kiya gaya tha. mahaagujaraath aandolan bhi alag Gujarat raajya ke liye shuroo kiya gaya tha. gopaalaraav khedakar, S.M. Joshi, S.A. daange, pi.ke. atre aur anya netaaon ko apni rajdhani ke roop mein Mumbai ke saath Maharashtra ka ek alag raajya ke liye ladaai ladi. 1 May 1960 ko, bade paimaane par virodh pradarshan aur 105, maanav ka balidaan nimnalikhit alag maraathi bolne vaale raajya Maharashtra aur Gujarat ke nae raajyon mein pehle Mumbai raajya ko vibhaajit karke banaai gayi thi rahati hai. maraathi ke kuchh vilay ke sthaaneeya logon ki maang arthaat belagaam, kaaravaar aur neepaani abhi bhi lambit hai Karnataka ke kshetron mein bol raha hai.

Maharashtra ka adhiktam bhaag besaalt khadakon ka bana hua hai. iske pashchimi seema se arab saagar hai. iske padosi raajya Goa, Karnataka, telangana, Chhattisgarh, madhya pradesh, Gujarat hai.

Maharashtra mein 35 jile hain -

• akola jila
• amaraavati jila
• ahamadanagar jila
• Aurangabad jila
• vaandre upanagar jila (sabaarban)
• beed jila
• bhandaara jila
• buladhaana jila
• chandrapoor jila
• dhule jila
• gadachiroli jila
• gondiya jila
• hingoli jila<nowiki>asanroopit paath yahaaain nivesh karein<nowiki>asanroopit paath yahaaain nivesh karein</nowiki></nowiki>
• jalagaav jila
• jaalana jila
• kolhaapur jila
• laatoor jila
• Mumbai jila
• naagapoor jila
• naanded jila
• nandurabaar jila
• naashik jila
• usmaanaabaad jila
• parabhani jila
• Pune jila
• raayagad jila
• ratnaagiri jila
• saataara jila
• saangali jila
• sindhudurg jila
• solaapoor jila
• thaane jila
• vardha jila
• vaasheem jila
• yavatamaal jila

• maraathi
• Maharashtra ke Loksabha sadasya

vikimeediya kaumans par Maharashtra se sambandhit media hai.

• sarkaar ka aadhikaarik jaalasthal
• Maharashtra raajya ka E-seva portal
• Maharashtra ka itihaas
• Maharashtra ki kala, saahitya, sairasapaata, krida evam manoranjan ki jaankaari
• Maharashtra praaim jaalasthal
• munbainet
• Maharashtra se sambandhit sarkaari jaalasthalon ki soochi
• Maharashtra paryatan ka aadhikaarik jaalasthal
• maraathi sangeet ka jaalasthal
• Maharashtra ka itihaas