Hungary

is lekh mein sandarbh ya sootr naheen diye gaye hain. krupaya vishvasaneeya sootron ke sandarbh jodkar is lekh mein sudhaar karein. bina sootron ki saamagri ko hataaya ja sakta hai. (September 2014)

Hungary ganaraajya Magyar Köaztáarsasáag
dhvaj kul chinh
raashtravaakya: naheen aitihaasik: laitin: Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae (angreji: "kingadam of mairi the paitron of Hungary")
raashtragaan: Himnusz (Isten, áaaldd meg a magyart) "geet (Bhagwan, Hungary ke logon ko aasheesh do)"
rajdhani aur sabse badaa nagar		budaapest 47°a26′aN 19°a15′aE / 47.433°aN 19.25°aE / 47.433; 19.25
raajabhaasha(eain)		hangeriyn (maigyaar)
nivaasi		hangairiyaai
sarkaar		sansadeeya ganaraajya
-	raashtrapati	laasjalo solyom
-	pradhaanamantri	freenk gyoorasaane
sthaapana
kshetrafal
-	kul	93,030 varg kilometer (109vaan) 35,919 varg meal
-	jal (%)	0.74%
janasankhya
-	July 2005 janaganana	10,098,000 (80vaan)
-	2001 janaganana	10,198,315
sakal ghareloo utpaad (PPP)		2005 praakkalan
-	kul	$169,875miliyn (48vaan)
-	prati vyakti	$17,405 (40vaan)
maanav vikaas soochakaank (2003)		0.862 bahut uchch · 35vaan
mudra		forint (HUF)
samay mandal		CET (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+1)
-	greeshmakaaleen (di॰ba॰asa॰)	CEST (yoo॰atee॰asee॰+2)
doorabhaash koot		36
Internet teeeladi		.hu

Hungary (hangeriyaai: Magyarorszáag), aadhikaarik taur par Hungary ganaraajya (hangeriyaai: Magyar Köaztáarsasáag, shaabdik arth "Hungary ganaraajya"), madhya Europe ke painoniyn besin mein sthit ek sthal-ruddh desh hai. iske uttar mein Slovakia, poorv mein Ukraine aur romaaniya, dakshin mein Serbia aur kroeshiya, dakshin pashchim mein sloveniya aur pashchim mein ostriya sthit hai. iski rajdhani aur sabse bada shahar budaapest hai. Hungary, Europeeya sangh, naato, oiseedi aur visegraad samooh ka sadasya hai aur ek sheingan raashtra hai. iski aadhikaarik bhaasha hangeriyaai hai, jo finno-ugrik bhaasha parivaar ka hissa hai aur Europe mein sabse vyaapak roop se boli jaane waali gair bhaaropeeya bhaasha hai.

Hungary duniya ke tees sabse adhik lokapriya paryatan sthalon mein se ek hai aur prati varsh lagbhag 8.6 lakh paryatakon (2007 ke aaainkade) ko aakarshit karta hai. desh mein vishv ki sabse badi garm jal ki gufa pranaali sthit hai aur garm jal ki sabse badi jheelon mein se ek hevij jheel yaheen par sthit hai. iske saath madhya Europe ki sabse badi jheel balaaton jheel bhi yaheen par hai aur Europe ke sabse bade praakrutik ghaas ke maidaan hortobaigi bhi Hungary ke adhikaar kshetr mein aate hain.

Hungary ki sarkaar ek sansadeeya ganatantr hai, jise 1989 mein sthaapit kiya gaya tha. Hungary ki arthavyavastha ek uchch-aay arthavyavastha hai aur kuchh kshetron mein yeh ek kshetreeya aguaa hai.

keltik (450 E.poo. ke baad) aur roman (9 E. - 430 E.) kaal ke baad, Hungary ki neenv 9 veen shataabdi ke ant mein Hungary ke shaasak arpaad ne rakhi thi, jinke prapautr seint Stefan pratham ki taajaposhi ke liye Pope ne san 1000 mein, rom se taaj bheja tha. Hungary ki yeh raajashaahi 946 saal tak chali, is samay ise pashchimi duniya ke saanskrutik kendron mein se ek maana jaata tha. aanshik roop se otoman (turk) saamraajya ke adheen lagbhag 150 varsh (1541-1699) tak rahane ke baad, Hungary ko haibsabarg raajashaahi ke roop mein ekeekrut kiya gaya aur baad mein yeh ostro-Hungary dohari raajashaahi (1867-1918) ka aadha hissa bana. pratham vishv yuddh ke ant tak Hungary ek mahaan shakti tha, haalaanki traayaanon sandhi jiski sharton ko adhiktar Hungary vaasi aaj bhi jaroorat se jyaada sakht maanate hain, ke kaaran Hungary ko apne kshetr ka 70% se adhik hissa aur Hungary jaateeyata ki apni ek tihaai janasankhya ko khona pada. iske baad Hungary mein communist yug (1947-1989) ka sootrapaat hua jiske dauraan Hungary, 1956 ki kraanti aur 1989 mein ostriya ke saath apni seema kholne ke praathamik kadam ke chalte bade paimaane par antararaashtreeya charcha ka kendra bana raha. Hungary ke is kadam ne poorvi block ke teevr patan mein sahayog kiya. Hungary mein sarkaar ka maujooda svaroop ek sansadeeya ganatantr hai, jise 1989 mein sthaapit kiya gaya tha. aaj, Hungary ek uchch-aay arthavyavastha hai aur kuchh kshetron mein ek kshetreeya aguaa hai.

45ansh 50mint se 48ansh 40mint uttari. akkshaansh tatha 16ansh se 23ansh parvi deshaantar. is ganatantr ki adhiktam lanbaai 259 kimi aur chaudaai 428 kimi hai. Hungary, madhya Europe ki dainyoob nadi ke maidaan mein sthit hai. iske uttar mein chekoslovaakiya poorv mein romaaniya, dakshin mein yoogoslaaviya tatha pashchim mein aastriya hain. is desh mein samudratat naheen hai.

yeh aalps parvatashreniyon se ghira hai. yahaaain kaarpethiain parvat bhi hai jo maidaan ko laghu elfold aur vishaal elfold naamak bhaagon mein vibhkt karta hai. sarvochch shikhar kekes 3,330 foot ooaincha hai. ismein do badi jheelein hain - (1) baalaataan (lanbaai 775 kimi aur chaudaai 5 kimi) (2) nyooseedalar (ise Hungary mein farto (Ferto) kehte hain). pramukh nadiyaaain hain : dainyoob, tija aur drava.

desh ki jalavaayu shushk hai. sheetakaal mein adhik saradi aur greeshmakaal mein adhik garami padti hai. nyoonatam taap 4roo sein. aur adhiktam taap 36roo sein. se bhi adhik ho jaata hai. pahaadi jilon mein ausat varsha 1016 mimi aur maidaani jilon mein 381 mimi hoti hai. sabse adhik varsha jaade mein hoti hai jo kheti ke liye haaniprad naheen hoti hai.

raashtra ki aadhe se adhik aay krushi se hoti hai. dainyoob nadi ke maidaanon mein makka, gehooain, jau, raai aadi anaajon ke atirikt aaloo, chukandar pyaas aur san bhi ugaae jaate hain. chukandar se cheeni banaai jaati hai. yahaaain achhe fal bhi ugate hain. angoor se ek vishisht prakaar ki sharaab toke (Tokay) banaai jaati hai. maidaanon mein charaagaah hain jahaaain hiran, sooar aur kharagosh aadi pashu paale jaate hain. paiprareeka (paprika) naamak mirch hoti hai. yahaaain ke vanon mein chaude pattevaale ped, ok, beech, aish tatha chestanat paae jaate hain.

desh mein khanij dhan adhik naheen hai. lohe, mainganeej aur ailuminiym (boksaait) ke kuchh khanij nikaale jaate hain. lohe ke khanij nimn koti ke hain. kuchh petrolium evam praakrutik gas bhi niklati hai. lignaait koyala bhi yahaaain nikaala jaata hai. jalavidyut ke utpaadan ke saadhanon ka yahaaain bahut abhaav hai.

aata peesane ke anek kaarkhaane hain. sharaab paryaapt parimaan mein banti hai aur baahar bheji jaati hai. cheeni ka parishkaar mahatva ka udyog hai. san se bhi anek saamaan taiyaar kiye jaate hain. niryaat ki vastuon mein sooar, murgiyaaain, sooti vastr, aata, cheeni, makkhan, taaje fal, makka, sharaab, oon aur cement aadi hain. aayaat ki vastuon mein kachchi rooi, koyala, imaarati lakdi, namak aadi hain. chhoti chhoti masheenein bhi yahaaain banti hain aur unka niryaat hota hai. yahaaain ka vyaapaar soviyt roos, chekoslovaakiya, Germany, Poland, yoogoslaaviya aadi se hota hai.

Hungary ke adhivaasiyon ko magyaar (Magyars) kehte hain. lagbhag 90 pratishat magyaar hi yahaaain rahate hain; shesh janasankhya mein jarman, slovaak, romaaniyn, krot, sarv aur jipsi hain. lagbhag aadhi janasankhya nagaron mein rahati hai. Hungary ki kul janasankhya 1,00,50,000 (1962 anumaanit) hai. yahaaain ke nivaasi svatantr prakruti ke aur aanevaale hote hain. inke lokageet aur nrutya suprasiddh hain. yahaaain ke log rangabirange vastr pahanate hain aur svaadisht bhojan karte hain1 yahaaain ke rasoie jagat prasiddh hain. yahaaain ke nivaasi football, tennis, ghudsavaari, tairaaki aadi ke shaukeen hain.

Hungary ke 68 pratishat nivaasi romanakaitholik, 27 pratishat protesteint tatha shesh yahoodi evam anya dharmaavalanbi hain. yahaaain ki bhaasha magyaar hain.

Hungary mein 8800 kimi lambi rel, sadkein, 60800 kimi lambe raajamaarg aur 1920 kimi lamba naugamya jalamaarg hai. yahaaain ka havaai adda bahut bada hai aur samast Europeeya deshon se sambaddh hai. relamaarg bhi anya Europeeya deshon se sambaddh hai. desh ke andar bhi paryaapt viksit vaayu yaataayaat hahai.

Hungary ke pramukh nagar hain : budaapest (rajdhani), devretsen (Debrecen), mishkolts (Miskolc) paik (Péacs) seged (Szeged) aur dyor (Gyöar).

• wikt:Hungary (vikshanari)

• Hungary ke baare mein bahut saari jaankaari (hindi mein)